高中必修一英語教案
發(fā)表時間:2021-05-02中學生英語學習常見錯誤一覽表?2。
B?back?
[誤]Imsorry.Ihavetobackhome.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogobackhome.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogohome.?
[析]back用作"回到(某處)"之意,不是動詞。?
be?
[誤]Wheredoyoufrom??
[正]Whereareyoufrom??
[析]"你從何處來"應為Whereareyoufrom?或Wheredoyoucomefrom?但要注意這兩句話均是問對方從哪個國家來的。要是口語中問"你是從什么地方來?"應講Wheredidyoucomefrom?回答用Icamefromthelibrary.?
beat?
[誤]Wehavewonyourclass.?
[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.?
[正]Wehavewonthegame.?
[析]win是勝過之意,它是及物動詞,但其后的賓語只能接比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品、獎金的名稱,如:Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?而beat指打敗對手、敵人……如:Mybrotherbeatmeatpoker.(要注意的是,beat的過去式與原形相同,而過去分詞為beaten)。?
[誤]Theballbeatmebadly.?
[正]Theballhitmebadly.?
[誤]Heusedtohitthelittleboyblackandblue.?
[正]Heusedtobeatthelittleboyblackandblue.?
[析]beat指打擊多次,而hit則為擊中對方的一次性打擊。?
beautiful?
[誤]Heisabeautifulboy.?
[正]Heisahandsomeboy.?
[析]我們可以講Sheisabeautifulgirl.Thisisabeautifulpark.但要講男人的"英俊"時要用handsome.?
because?
[誤]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisbecauseIwasill.?
[正]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwasill.?
[誤]BecauseitwasSunday,sotheparkwascrowded.?
[正]BecauseitwasSundaytheparkwascrowded.?
[析]這種錯誤是因為中文的習慣與英語的表述法不同,中文常講我來晚了的原因是因為我病了,而英文中的第二個因為要用that代替。又因中文常講因為……所以……,而英文中用了因為就不能再用所以了,同樣用了"所以"也就不要再用"因為"一詞。例如:Becausewestudyhard,wepassedtheexameasily.或者:Westudyhardsowepassedtheexameasily.?
becausebecauseof?
because后要接從句,例如:Welikephysicsbecausewecanlearnalotofnewideas.而becauseof后要接名詞作介詞賓語,如:Heisnotatschoolbecauseoftheillness.?
before?
[誤]Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewewillgohome.?
[正]Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewegohome.?
[析]killtime意為"消磨時光"。?
英語狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。如:Ifitrainswewillnotgotothepark.
[誤]Ididthisworktwodaysbefore.?
[正]Ididthisworktwodaysago.?
[析]用ago組成的時間狀語其主句中的謂語動詞要用過去時,而before引起的時間狀語其主句中的謂語動詞多用完成時,如:Ihasdonethisworkafewdaysbefore.?
beforelonglongbefore?
beforelong是"不久"之意,例如:IshallgotoAmericabeforelong.而longbefore則是"很久很久"之意,如:Weknewthisteacherlongbeforewesawhim.(我們在看到這位老師之前很久就知道他了。)?
begin?
[誤]ThemeetingwillbeginfromMonday.?
[正]ThemeetingwillbeginonMonday.?
[誤]Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.?
[正]Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.?
[析]begin是瞬間動詞,所以它的完成時態(tài)不能接表示一段時間的狀語,如:Thefilmhasbegun.這句話是對的,即"電影已經(jīng)開始"。但要講已經(jīng)開始10分鐘了則要用hasbeenon即"上演了10分鐘"。?
beginstart?
begin與start兩詞后面加不定式或動名詞都可以,且意思并無區(qū)別,但在表達習慣時接動名詞的用法較多,如:HowoldwernyouwhenyoufirststartedlearningEnglish?但這兩個詞的進行時態(tài)中則多用不定式,如:Iwasbeginningtogethungry.但如果句子的主語是物而不是人,則多用不定式,如:Theicebegantomelt.Itstartedtogetdarkbeforewegottoschool.當動詞是表達某種心理狀態(tài)時,要用不定式,如:Thestudentbegantounderstandhismistakes.?
[誤]Theystudyhardintheclassfromthebeginningtotheend.?
[正]Theystudyhardintheclassfrombeginningtoend.?
[析]frombeginningtoend是習慣用法,即自始至終,不要加冠詞,但如單獨使用則要加冠詞,例如:Atthebeginning,theteachergaveusanexam.?
behind?
[誤]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindthetime.?
[正]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindtime.?
[析]behindtime一短語意為"晚了",而behindthetimes意為"落后于時代"。behind是介詞同時又是副詞,如Comeoutfrombehindthedoor(介詞).Hesalongwaybehind(副詞).Hefellbehindwithhisclassmates(副詞).?
below?
[誤]Whatsthatbelowthechair.?
[正]Whatsthatunderthechair.?
[析]under意為"正下方",而below意為"比……低",或指"在下游"。如:Thereisafallbelowtheriver.(河的下游有一個瀑布。)其反義詞為over,如:Thereisabigplaneflyingoverthecity.但在"下面的例子"一表達語中則要用theexamplebelow,而不要用under.?
beside?
[誤]Thestudentsstoodbesidestheteacher.?
[正]Thestudentsstoodbesidetheteacher.?
[誤]IstudyEnglishbesideChinese.?
[正]IstudyEnglishbesidesChinese.?
[析]beside意為"在……旁邊",而besides是"除……以外(還如何)"。?
besidebynear?
beside意為"在……旁",如:Thereisatalltreebesidetheriver.by多指"倚、靠"、"沿著"之意,如:Sheisstandingbythewindow.near多用來表示兩地間距離不遠,如:Thereisapostofficenearourschool.?
better?
[誤]Youhadbettertodoitathome.?
[正]Youhadbetterdoitathome.?
[誤]Youhadntbetterwakemeupatsix.?
[正]Youhadbetternotwakemeupatsix.?
[析]hadbetter在肯定句中為"應該作某事",其后加不帶to的不定式,而在否定句中應用hadbetter+not+動詞原形。在簡答語中had常省略為d,如:Youdbetternot.又如:
?Lets?gofirst.No,wedbetternot.?
between?
[誤]Amongthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.?
[正]Betweenthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.?
[析]兩者之間多用between,三者或三者以上之間則用among.?
[誤]Youmustchoosebetweenthiscluborthatclub.?
[正]Youmustchoosebetweenthisclubandthatclub.?
[析]在兩個之間作出選擇要用between…and…,而不能用between…or….?
big?
[誤]Therewasabigrainlastnight.?
[正]Therewasaheavyrainlastnight.?
[析]大雨在英語中只能用aheavyrain而不要用abigrain.?
bit?
[誤]Heisabitfool.?
[正]Heisabitofafool.?
[析]abit可以作程度副詞,與alittle相同,但它用于名詞前應用abitof,而用于形容詞前則應用abit,如:Imabittired,而其簡答的否定句應為Notabit,(一點兒也不。)又如:?
-DoyoumindifIopenthedoor??
-Notabit.?
black?
[誤]Thechildrenbecameblackafterswimminginthesea.?
[正]Thechildrenbecamesunburnedafterswimminginthesea.?
[析]因太陽照曬而皮膚變黑,不應用black而應用sunburned,suncolour或dark.?
[誤]Thegirlhasblackeyesandblack
hair.?
[正]Thegirlhasdarkeyesandblackhair.?
[析]英語中blackeyes的意思是被打得發(fā)青的眼睛。?
[誤]TheEuropeanslikeredtea.?
[正]TheEuropeanslikeblacktea.?
[析]紅茶在英文中應為blacktea.這種慣用法還有:blackandblue(鼻青臉腫,青一塊紫一塊);black?and?white(黑白電視片)。goblack意為"在失去知覺時眼前一片黑暗";lookblack意為"情況不妙,前景暗淡"。如:Afterthefighthewasblackandblue.OnTV,Ilikecolourforsomethingandblack?and?whiteforothers.?
body?
[誤]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourbody.?
[正]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourhealth.?
[析]中文常講對你身體有利,而英文中則講對你健康有利。?
borrow?
[誤]MayIlendsomebooksfromthelibrary??
[正]MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary??
[誤]HowlongcanIborrowit??
[正]HowlongcanIkeepit??
[析]英語中有三個詞都可譯為"借",但意義各不相同如:"借入"是borrow,其常用句型結構是borrowsomethingfromsomebody,這是個瞬間性動詞,不可與表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。例如:Thestudentswanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary."借出"用lend,即借給別人東西。其常用句型是lendsomebodysomething,或lendsomethingtosomebody.例如:Couldyoulendusyourdictionary?或Couldyoulendyourdictionarytous?它也是瞬間性動詞,也不能與延續(xù)的時間狀語連用。keep則是延續(xù)性動詞,可以和表示長時間段的時間狀語連用,也可與howlong等疑問詞連用,如:Youcankeepitforthreedays.?
born(bear的過去分詞)?
[誤]IborninShanghai.?
[正]IwasborninShanghai.?
[誤]HewasbornfromGreekparents.?
[正]HewasbornofGreekparents.?
[析]"出身于……樣的家庭"不要作from而要用of,例如:Hewasbornofapoorfamily.
both?
[誤]Theybotharestudents.?
[正]Theyarebothstudents.?
[誤]Theyrefusebothtoanswerthisquestion.?
[正]Theybothrefusetoanswerthisquestion.?
[析]both作同位語時,一般要用在be動詞之后實意動詞之前。
[誤]Iknowhisbothparents.?
[正]Iknowbothhisparents.?
[誤]Thebothbrotherswerestudents.?
[正]Boththebrotherswerestudents.?
[正]Bothbrotherswerestudents.?
[析]當both與形容詞性物主代詞my,his,her等以及定冠詞the連用時,都應將這些詞置于both之后。另外,在與定冠詞連用時the可以省略。?
[誤]Bothofmyparentsarenotathome.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsareathome.?
[誤]Bothofyouranswersarenotright.?
[正]Neitherofyouranswersisright.?
[正]Bothyouranswersarewrong.?
[析]both不能用于否定句中作主語。表示"兩者都不"時要用neither;但作賓語時both與either則都對,但要注意句意有所不同。例如:Icannotgivebothofthebookstoyou.(我不能將兩本書全給你。)而Icannotgiveeitherofthebookstoyou.(兩本書中哪本書也不能給你。)?
bring?
[誤]PleasebringthisdictionarytoMrBrown.?
[正]PleasetakethisdictionarytoMrBrown.?
[誤]Nexttime,pleasetakeyourlittlesisterhere.?
[正]Nexttime,pleasebringyourlittlesisterhere.?
[析]英語中bring是"帶來",而take是"帶走"。還有一個詞fetch,表示"到某處去把某物取、接回來"。如:Pleasefetchthedoctoratonce.?
business?
[誤]MyfatherwenttoShanghaiforbusiness.?
[正]MyfatherwenttoShanghaionbusiness.?
[析]onbusiness出差?
busy?
[誤]Thestudentswereverybusytopreparefortheexam.?
[正]Thestudentswereverybusypreparingfortheexam.?
[析]bebusydoingsomething為"忙于作某事"?
[誤]Thestudentswerebusyfortheexam.?
[正]Thestudentswerebusywiththeexam.?
[析]busy直接接名詞時應用with.?
but?
[誤]Hecouldnthelpbutrealizingthathewaswrong.?
[正]Hecouldnthelpbutrealizethathewaswrong.?
[誤]Shecouldnthelptocrywhenshesawhermother.?
[正]Shecouldnthelpcryingwhenshesawhermother.?
[析]couldnthelp其后應接動名詞,表示情不自禁的動作,但couldnthelpbut后面要加動詞原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句應譯為"他才真正認識到他錯了。"
?
buy?
[誤]Ihaveboughtthisdictionaryforthreeyears.?
[正]Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.?
[析]buy是截止性(即瞬間)動詞,它可以有完成時,如:Ihaveboughtthisdictionary.但是不能與表示較長的時間狀語連用。如要講我這本字典已買了3年了則要用havehad這一結構即我擁有這本字典已3年了。?
by?
[誤]Theboyshotthecatbyagun.?
[正]Theboyshotthecatwithagun.?
[誤]Hecametoschoolbyataxithismorning.?
[正]Hecametoschoolbytaxithismorning.?
[析]作為某種運輸手段來講,by與名詞間不能有冠詞,如:bycar,bybike,byair等。如有了冠詞或其他修飾詞,則應用別的相應的介詞,如:"我們今天早上是乘他的車來的"一句應譯為:Wecamehereinhiscarthismorning.?與by結合而成的詞組很多,常用的有:bytheway順便說說;byhand手工制作;byoneself獨自地;bynomeans決不。?
C
call?
[誤]IllcallatMrBrown.?
[正]IllcallonMrBrown.?
[誤]IllcallonMrBrownshome.?
[正]IllcallatMrBrownshome.?
[析]作"拜訪"講時,at后面接訪問地點,而on后面接訪問的人。
?callondropinvisit?
callon比較正式的為公務的訪問,如:Wewerecalledonbytheoldstudents.而dropin則是比較隨便的走走,順便拜訪,如:Ifyourefree,dropin.而visit則是更正式的外交訪問或友好往來,如:MyschoolsheadmasterwillvisitAmericanextweek.?
can?
[誤]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.?
[正]Ablindmancannotjudgecolours.?
[誤]Icanntcallforyouatten.?
[正]Icantcallforyouatten.?
[析]can的否定形式應為cannot或cant.?
[誤]Itsonlysixoclock.Thatmustntbethepostman.?
[正]Itsonlysixoclock.Thatcantbethepostman.?
[析]must用來表示一種肯定的推斷,如:Shemusthavesomeproblems.Shekeepscrying.但在否定句中則要用cant,要表示對過去的推測則要用"must+have+過去分詞"的表達法,如:Thelightshavegoneout.Afusemusthaveblown.而對過去的否定推測則多用"?cant?+have+過去分詞",如:Idontthinkhecanhaveheardyou.Callagain.?
[誤]Wecouldnothelptolaughatonce.?
[正]Wecouldnothelplaughingatonce.?
[正]Wecouldnothelpbutlaughatonce.?
[析]"couldnthelp+動名詞"表示禁不住做了某事。但couldnothelpbut與couldnotbut后面要加不帶to的不定式,意思都是不得不去做某事.如:Youcouldnot(help)butrespecthim.?
canbeableto?
can與beableto都可以用來表示能力,但can只有現(xiàn)在時與過去時,beableto則可用任何時態(tài),如:Hewillbeabletoteachthechild.但要表示經(jīng)過努力而達到的一次性動作則只能用beableto,如:Hefinallywasabletojumpover2?10meters.或:Theplanewasabletoflyoverthemountain.但要注意的是這兩個詞都沒有進行時態(tài),而beableto后面不接不定式的被動態(tài)。?
cancould?
can與could都可以用在現(xiàn)在時的口語中,只是用could更為禮貌,語氣更委婉。如:Couldyoutellusastory?
care?
[誤]Idontcarecoffee.?
[正]Idontcareforcoffee.?
[誤]Takecareforyoursteps.?
[正]Takecareofyoursteps.?
[析]carefor是"對某物感興趣",而careof是"關心,要當心某事",如:Shedidntcareforhim.Takecareofwhatyouaredoing.?
[誤]Idontcarewherewewillgoifitdoesntrain.?
[正]Idontcarewherewegoifitdoesntrain.?
[析]在itdoesntmatter,Idontcare,Idontmind,及incase引出的狀語從句后面要用現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如:Ivegotafootballincasewehavetimeforagame.?
change?
[誤]Iwanttochangemycamerawiththatone.?
[正]Iwanttochangemycameraforthatone.?
[析]changefor為"以某物為交換物"。而changewith則是"隨……而變",如:Thewoodscolourchangedwiththeseason.?
cheap?
[誤]Ateacherssalaryisgenerallyverycheap.?
[正]Ateacherssalaryisgenerallyverylow.?
[析]工資的高低要用low,cheap是指價格便宜,如果要講物美價廉則要用notexpensive,如:Thiscarisnotexpensive.?
choose?
[誤]WeeachhadtohaveachooseofAorB.?
[正]WeeachhadtohaveachoiceofAorB.?
[析]choice是名詞,而choose是動詞。?
class?
[誤]TheclassiswatchingTV.?
[正]TheclassarewatchingTV.?
[析]class作主語時,如果作為整體講則應用單數(shù)形式的謂語動詞,如:Theclasswasmorethanfortyinnumber.如考慮到具體的每個成員時則應用復數(shù)形式的謂語動詞,如:Theclassare,ingeneral,verybright.?
clean?
[誤]Sorry,Ididntboughtithere.Icleanlyforgot.?
[正]Sorry,Ididntboughtithere.Icleanforgot.?
[析]clean可以作為副詞講,其意為"完全",而cleanly則意為"正確地"、"干凈利落地",如:Theknifedoesntcutcleanly.而clean作為形容詞講時意為"清潔的"、"干凈的",如:Herfaceisnotcleannow.?
clever?
[誤]ImnotcleverinEnglish.?
[正]ImnotcleveratEnglish.?
[析]cleverat是固定搭配,表示在某方面有特長。?
close?
[誤]Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclose.?
[正]Itiscoldoutside.Pleasekeepthedoorclosed.?
[析]這里的close是動詞,意為"關閉",而keep后要加形容詞,所以要用close的過去分詞形式closed作形容詞。作形容詞用的close意為"近的"、"親密的"。?
[誤]ComecloselysothatIcanseeyou.?
[正]ComeclosesothatIcanseeyou.?
[誤]Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloserelated.?
[正]Goodteachingandgoodtestingarecloselyrelated.?
[析]close,closely同樣可以作副詞用,但其意義不同,close是"靠近"、"接近"之意,而closely則是"緊密"、"嚴密"、"密切"之意。?
[誤]Myschoolwasquiteclosefrommyhome.?
[正]Myschoolwasquiteclosetomyhome.?
[析]"與……接近"是closeto…,例如:?
Hewasclosetofifty.?
Thereisabus?stopclosetothestation.?
closeshutturn?
shut與close是同義詞,如closethedoor或shutthedoor.但要講把某人關在門外時則只能用shutsomebodyout而不能用close,因shut語氣較強,并含有隔離之意。而turnoff是指關上電視、電燈、煤氣之類,有切斷之意。?
cloth?
[誤]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothtogotoschool.?
[正]Thechildrenwearverygoodclothestogotoschool.?
[誤]Ineedalotofclothing.?
Imgoingtomakeanewcloth.?
[正]Ineedalotofcloth.?
Imgoingtomakeanewdress.?
[析]cloth是"布"、"布料",沒有復數(shù)形式。一塊布料是apieceofcloth,而clothes統(tǒng)指衣服,是復數(shù)名詞,"一套衣服"要講asuitofclothes,如果是"一件件衣服"應講shirt,dress,sweater等。而clothing是衣物的總稱,是不可數(shù)名詞。例如:Thisclothingisneededinwarmcountries.Herclothesaremadeoffinecloth.?英語中的dress是指比較正式的服裝,如aschooldress(校服),astudentdress(學生套裝),aworkingdress(工作服)。?
coffee?
[誤]Pleasegivemetwowaters.?
[正]Pleasegivemetwocoffees.?
[正]Pleasegivemetwocupsofwater.?
[析]雖然coffee,water,tea等都是物質名詞,但是只有coffee可用coffees取代若干杯coffee,而其他的卻不行,其前要加acupof或aglassof.?
colour(color)?
[誤]Coloursofflowersarered,yellowandwhite.?
[正]Flowersarered,yellowandwhite.?
[析]中文的"花的顏色有紅色、黃色和白色",若譯為英文Coloursofflowersare…,就顯得重復了。?
[誤]Ilikegreencolour.?
[正]Ilikegreen.?
[正]Ilikecolourgreen.?
[析]colourgreen中的colour是green的同位語,所以這種說話方式英語是可以接受的。?
come?
[誤]Icameacrosswithanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.?
[正]Icameacrossanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.?
[析]comeacross是"偶然碰見、遇見",要直接加賓語,如:Ivejustcomeacrossabeautifulpoeminthismagazine.?
[誤]Wheredoyoucomefrom??
Icomefromthestation.?
[正]Wheredidyoucomefrom??
Icamefromthestation.?
[正]Wheredoyoucomefrom??
IcomefromChina.?
[析]Wheredoyoucomefrom?意為"你是什么地方的人?"?而Wheredidyoucomefrom?則是"你從何處來?"?
[誤]Thestarsarecomingoutfromthecloud.?
[正]Thestarsarecomingoutofthecloud.?
[析]comeoutof意為"從……地方出來"。?
comeincomeintoenter?
comein與comeinto的意義相同,但comeinto后面要加賓語,而comein后面不用賓語。如Ifoundsomeonecameintomyroom.Thedooropenedandthechildcamein.?
enter常作為及物動詞使用,如:ThebusenteredtheEnglishtunnel.?
congratulate?
[誤]Iwanttocongratulateyouforyoursuccesswithallmyheart.?
[正]Iwanttocongratulateyouonyoursuccesswithallmyheart.?
[析]動詞congratulatesomebodyonsomething是"向某人祝賀某事"。其名詞congratulation在用時一般要用復數(shù),如:Iofferedhimmycongratulationsonhissuccess.
又如:Congratulations!?
cook?
[誤]Myfatherisagoodcooker.?
[正]Myfatherisagoodcook.?
[析]很多動詞加上?er則變?yōu)閳?zhí)行該動作的一種人,如work?worker,teach?teacher.但cook即是動詞"做飯",同時名詞也是"廚師"。而cooker則是"廚具"、"炊具"之意。如:Iwillcookthedinner.Iboughtagoodpresscooker(高壓鍋)。?
corner?
[誤]Thereisapostofficeinthecornerofthestreet.?
[正]Thereisapostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.?
[誤]Agirlsatatthecorneroftheroom.?
[正]Agirlsatinthecorneroftheroom.?
[析]inthecorner是在建筑物內部的角上,而atthecorner是在外部的角上,如:Thereisabigtreeatthecornerofthebuilding.?
cost?
[誤]Icosttendollarsforthebook.?
[正]Ispenttendollarsonthebook.?
[誤]Icosttwohourstodomyhomework.?
[正]Ittookmetwohourstodomyhomework.?
[析]cost,spend.take都可以作"花費"講,但用法不同。cost的用法是"something+cost+somebody+時間或金錢",如:Thebookcostmetendollars.spend的用法是"somebody+spend+時間+(in)doingsomething",如:Ispenttwohours(in)writingthisbook.或"somebody+spend+金錢+onsomething",如:Ispendtwodollarsonthisbook.而take的用法則要用邏輯主語it:"It+takes+somebody+時間+todosomething",如:Ittookmeanhourtocleantheclassroom.?
country?
[誤]Youcanfindcowsinacountry.?
[正]Youcanfindcowsinthecountry.?
[析]country即可作"國家"講,也可作"農(nóng)村"講。當作"農(nóng)村"講時,一定要加定冠詞,而且只有單數(shù)形式。例如:?
[誤]Farmersliveinthecountries.?
[正]Farmersliveinthecountry.?
[析]但作為"國家"講時則可有單、復數(shù)形式,例如:JapanisanAsiancountry.Japan,China,andIndiaareAsiancountries.另外,country一般指的是地理概念上的國家,如:NewZealandisanagriculturalcountry.而nation多指民族組成的國家,如:TheChinesenation(中華民族)。state多側重于政權方面的區(qū)域、國家范圍,如:thestatefarm(國營農(nóng)場)。?
cross?
[誤]Therearetrafficlightsatthecross.?
[正]Therearetrafficlightsatthecrossing.?
[析]cross作為名詞講時是十字架、十字形的東西,如:RedCross(紅十字會)。?
[誤]Thelittleboyisgoingtoacrossthestreet.?
[正]Thelittleboyisgoingtocrossthestreet.?
[析]across是副詞或介詞,但不能作動詞用。?
crosspass?
cross是指橫過某地,如:Hecrossedthesquare.而pass則強調從某物體旁經(jīng)過,如:ImailedsomeletterswhenIpassedthepostoffice.?
crowd?
[誤]Theroomsoonwascrowdedbypeople.?
[正]Theroomsoonwascrowdedwithpeople.?
[析]crowded在這句話中應作為形容詞,所以這句話不是被動語態(tài)而是系表結構,如:Theroomwascrowdedwithbooks.?
cup?
[誤]Asilverglasswasgiventothewinner.?
[正]Asilvercupwasgiventothewinner.?
[誤]Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskycup.?
[正]Mymotherwaslookingforthewhiskyglass.?
[析]glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿,而cup多指用陶瓷或金屬制成的杯子,且cup尤其用在獎杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子,如我們講Idrinkaglassofwineatsupper.而不講Idrinkacupofwineatsupper.?
D?
dance?
[誤]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoadanceparty.?
[正]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoadancingparty.?
[正]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoadance.?
[正]Wellinviteyouandyourwifetoaball.(美語中常用ball作為舞會。)?
date?
[誤]Hestudiedtenhoursadate.?
[正]Hestudiedtenhoursaday.?
[析]date是指具體日期。如問Whatsthedatetoday?應回答具體日期:"October1st1998."而day是指1日(24小時)。如Whatdayistoday?問的是星期幾,應回答"ItsSunday."
[誤]TodaysdateisJanuaryfirst.1998.?
[正]TodaysdateisJanuary1,1998.?
[正]TodaysdateisJanuary1st,1998.?
[析]在日期書寫中不要用序數(shù)詞全寫,而要用1st,2nd,3rd……如果一定要用序數(shù)詞,其順序應為:ItisthefirstofJanuary.?
day?
[誤]ThisisabookabouteverydayEnglish.?
[正]ThisisabookabouteverydayEnglish.?
[正]ThisisaneverydayEnglishbook.?
[誤]Wegotoschooleveryday.?
[正]Wegotoschooleveryday.?
[析]everyday是形容詞,意為"日常的",而everyday則是"每天"、"天天"之意。?
dead?
[誤]Myfatherhasdiedfortenyears.?
[正]Myfatherhasbeendeadfortenyears.?
[析]die是瞬間動詞,它可以用于完成時,如:Myfatherhasdied.但用于完成時不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。它也可以用于過去時,如:Myfatherdiedthreeyearsago
[誤]Wellalwaysrememberthedeadswhowerekilledinthewar.?
[正]Wellalwaysrememberthedeadwhowerekilledinthewar.?
[析]形容詞前如加定冠詞表示一類人,如therich(富人),thesick(病人),thepoor(窮人),其后的謂語動詞要用復數(shù),如:Thericharenotalwayshappy.?
deaddeadly?
dead在某些詞組里是"完全"、"的確"的意思,如deadright,deadtired,deadsure。而deadly則是"致命的",如:Therichmanhadmanydeadlyenemies.又如:Cancerisadeadlydisease.?
deaddied?
dead是形容詞,如:MrsGintywasdead.而died是動詞die的過去式及過去分詞,如:Shediedin1960.但英語中如表達出對某人去世的傷感說法是passaway,如:Myfatherpassedaway,thismorning.?
deer?
[誤]Inthezoo,therearemanydeers.?
[正]Inthezoo,therearemanydeer.?
[析]deer是單、復數(shù)同形的詞,如:onedeer,twodeer,這樣的名詞還有fish,sheep等。但如果講Therearemanyfisheshere.這句話應譯為"這里有許多種魚類。"而不應譯為"這里有很多魚。"?
desk?
[誤]Theboysatinhisdesk.?
[正]Theboysatathisdesk.?
[析]在課桌旁坐著應用介詞at,而atdesk則應譯為"在學習",attable應譯為"在吃飯"。?
die?
[誤]InSouthAfricamanypeoplediedfromcancer.?
[正]InSouthAfricamanypeoplediedofcancer.?
[誤]Theoldmandiedofoverwork.?
[正]Theoldmandiedfromoverwork.?
[析]死于疾病應用dieof,而死于某種外因事故則多用from.?
[誤]Hismotherisdied.?
[正]Hismotherisdead.?
[誤]Theoldwomanwasdeadattheageofseventy.?
[正]Theoldwomandiedattheageofseventy.?
[析]dead是形容詞,而die是動詞。形容詞表示狀態(tài),動詞則表示動作。?
[誤]Hediedinatrafficaccident.?
[正]Hewaskilledinatrafficaccident.?
[析]由于事故而造成的死亡一般用tobekilled.?
[誤]Whenthedoctorcame,theoldmanhadalreadydied.?
[正]Whenthedoctorcame,theoldmanwasalreadydead.?
[正]Theoldmandiedbeforethedoctorcame.?
different?
[誤]Myroomisdifferentwithyours.?
[正]Myroomisdifferentfromyours.?
[誤]Thevillageisverydifferentwithwhatitwas.?
[正]Thevillageisverydifferentfromwhatitwas.?
[析]differentfrom是"與……不同"之意。?
difficult?
[誤]Englishisverydifficulttobelearned.?
[正]Englishisverydifficulttolearn.?
[誤]Helearnedphysicsisdifficult.?
[正]Itisverydifficultforhimtolearnphysics.?
[析]要學習英語的表達法而不要生硬地按字去譯中文。Itisdifficultforsomebodytodosomething.為"對于某人來說做某事很困難。"?
difficulty?
[誤]Therewaslittledifficultytofindhim.?
[正]Therewaslittledifficultyinfindinghim.?
[析]這種用法還有trouble,即difficulty(trouble)indoingsomething.
dinner?
[誤]Whendidyouhavethesupper??
[正]Whendidyouhavesupper??
[析]英語中一日三餐前無冠詞,例如:?
[誤]Ihadalunchat12oclock.?
[正]Ihadlunchat12oclock.?
[析]在某些特定場合,如指某次宴會,則要加冠詞,如:Thedinnerwasgiveninhonouroftheguest.?
dress?
[誤]Myfatherboughtanewdressforhimselfyesterday.?
[正]Myfatherboughtanewsuitforhimselfyesterday.?
[析]一般來講男套裝用suit,女服則用dress;作男服的服裝店是tailorshop(tailors),而做女裝的服裝店是dressmakers.?
[誤]Themotherdressedtheclothesonherchild.?
[正]Themotherdressedherchild.?
[析]dress作及物動詞當"穿衣服"講時,其后不能接衣服而只能接人,如:Theboyisstilltooyoungtodresshimself.但作為一種穿著打扮的狀態(tài)時,則多用其過去分詞作形容詞,如:Heisnotdressedinhisnewsuit.或Sheisdressedinred.詞組dressup是過節(jié)日時應服裝整齊,如:Theydressedupfortheholiday.
dresshaveonputonwear?
要區(qū)別這幾個動詞需分清是表示動作的動詞還是表示狀態(tài)的動詞。表示狀態(tài)的動詞是haveon和wear,如:Hehasonawhitecoat.Hewaswearingheavyshoes.而puton則表示穿衣的動作,如:Putonyourcoat,itiscoldoutside.而dress即可以作狀態(tài)又可以作動作,作動作講時其后面接人而不能接衣服,作穿著狀態(tài)時則多用dressed的形式。如:Isawaladydressedinred.Isawagirldressingherself.?
drop?
[誤]Thestudentsfelltheirvoice.?
[正]Thestudentsdroppedtheirvoice.?
[析]drop與fall都可以表示"落下、掉下"之意,有時可以互換,如:Thedictionaryfell(dropped)fromthetable.但drop還可以作及物動詞,而fall一般只能作不及物動詞。?
[誤]Ishalldropinyou.?
[正]Ishalldropinonyou.?
[析]dropin是隨便拜訪某人,而其后要接人時應加介詞on再加人稱。?
during?
[誤]DuringIwassick,Icouldnteatwell.?
[正]WhileIwassick,Icouldnteatwell.?
[析]during后不能接從句,而when和while后可接從句。?
[誤]IhavebeenstudyingEnglishduringthreedays.?
[正]IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforthreedays.?
[析]during不能表達一個動作持續(xù)多長的時間,而只能表達在某段時間內某事件的發(fā)生。即帶有由during引導的時間狀語的句子只能用過去時,不能用完成時。?
延伸閱讀
中學生英語學習常見錯誤一覽表?3
E
?
each?
[誤]Everyofthemhashishabit.?
[正]Eachofthemhashishabit.?
[析]each可以作形容詞,但也可作代詞,而every只能作形容詞。?
[誤]ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteachmonth.?
[正]ThemanagercomestoAmericaalmosteverymonth.?
[析]each與every都作形容詞講時,都有"每個"之意,但有不同。each多指個體,而every則多指整體。如:Wewanteverystudenttosucceed.each不同來表達總體概念,所以不能與almost,nearly,likely等詞連用。?
[誤]Weeachhasabook.?
[正]Weeachhaveabook.?
[析]each作同位語時,其數(shù)應與其同位的名詞相同,而each作主語時則應取其單數(shù)形式。?
eachotheroneanother?
eachother與oneanother這兩個詞組的區(qū)別在很多語法書中強調eachother是兩者之間,而oneanother是多者之間,其實不然,如:Allstudentsmustcareforeachother,mustloveandhelpeachother.事實上這兩個詞組是同義的,如果要講有什么區(qū)別的話,當我們非?;\統(tǒng)地談,而不特指什么人時,多用oneanother.?
early?
[誤]Couldyoucomeheremoreearly??
[正]Couldyoucomehereearlier??
[析]單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)副詞的比較級和最高級要用?er和?est來作其結尾,如fast,soon,early,hard,long,near等。?
earth?
[誤]Whatontheearthdoyoumean??
[正]Whatonearthdoyoumean??
[析]onearth這一詞組在句中為的是加強語氣,其意為"究竟"、"到底"。而作為"地球"講時則要加定冠詞,如:Howfaristheearthfromthemoon.而作為"泥土"講時則為不可數(shù)名詞,如:Hefilledthepotwithearthandwantedtoplantsomeflowers.?
easy?
[誤]Youcaneasyimaginemysurprise.?
[正]Youcaneasilyimaginemysurprise.?
[析]easy只在有限的詞組中被用作副詞,如takeiteasy(不要緊張),goeasy,standeasy等。例如:Easycome,easygo.(錢來的容易花的也快.)Easiersaidthandone.(說的容易做著難。)?
east?
[誤]JapanisontheeastofChina.?
[正]JapanistotheeastofChina.?
[析]在講述地理位置時,有3個介詞常用,它們是in,on和to,其中in表示處于所表達的范圍之內,如:ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.on則表示雙方接壤,如:NorthKoreaisonthenortheastofChina.而表示互不相接的兩部分時則用to,如:TaiwanistotheeastofFujian.?
either?
[誤]-Idontlikeopera.
?-Idontliketoo.?
[正]-Idontlikeopera.
?-Idontlikeeither.?
[析]在否定句中用either表示"也",而在肯定句中用too表示"也"。?
[誤]EitheryouorIareright.?
[正]EitheryouorIamright.?
[析]這在語法書中被稱作就近原則,即哪個主語離謂語動詞近,則應采用與哪個主語相一致的謂語動詞,相同用法的還有neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,以及or在連接兩個主語時。如:Youorheistogohome.Theotherswillhavetostayintheclassroom.?
elder?
[誤]MyolderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.?
[正]MyelderbrotherhasgonetoShanghai.?
[析]在表示兄姐的長幼時應用elder表示"哥哥姐姐",如:myeldersister姐姐,但表示歲數(shù)時則多用older,如:SheistwoyearsolderthanI.?
empty?
[誤]Aretheseseatsempty??
[正]Aretheseseatstaken??
[析]empty是指空洞的沒有任何物體,如:Thehousewasempty,其意思是沒有任何家具或屋內無人。但座位是否有人坐應用take.?
English?
[誤]MysisterstudiedEnglishlanguageverywell.?
[正]MysisterstudiedtheEnglishlanguageverywell.?
[正]MysisterstudiedEnglishverywell.?
[析]在泛指某一種學科時,不應加冠詞,如:Ilikehistory.但如特指某一門學科時則應加冠詞,如:HelikesthehistoryofAmerica.?
enjoy?
[誤]Ienjoytoplayfootball.?
[正]Ienjoyplayingfootball.?
[析]enjoy后要接動名詞,而不接不定式。?
[誤]DidyouenjoyattheEnglishevening??
[正]DidyouenjoyyourselfattheEnglishevening??
enough?
[誤]Imsorry.Youarenotstudyingenoughcarefully.?
[正]Imsorry.Youarenotstudyingcarefullyenough.?
[析]enough要用在形容詞或副詞之后。?
[誤]Doyouhaveenoughofmoney??
[正]Doyouhaveenoughmoney??
[正]Doyouhaveenoughofthemoney??
[誤]Thecoffeeisntenough.?
[正]Thereisntenoughcoffee.?
[析]enough可以作be動詞的表語,但其主語應是代詞,如:Thatsenough.Itwas?enough.?如果是名詞時應換用上面的句型。?
entrance?
[誤]Theentranceofthecinemaisonyourright.?
[正]Theentrancetothecinemaisonyourright.?
[析]在表示通往某處時entrance后面多用to作介詞。這樣的用法還有keytothedoor,answertothequestion等。?
evening?
[誤]Iwalkedhomeinacoldevening.?
[正]Iwalkedhomeonacoldevening.?
[析]intheevening這一詞組如加上另外的修飾詞則其介詞應換為on.?
everyone?
[誤]Everyoneofyougoestoclass.?
[正]Everyoneofyougoestoclass.?
[析]everyone其后不能接of結構。在否定句中如果要講"每一個人都沒有注意到它",就譯作:Nobodynoticedit.要注意Everyoneofusisnotright.應譯為"我們不都對。"而Noneofusareright.才應譯為"我們全錯了。"?
exam?
[誤]Wetakepartinanexam.?
[正]Wetakeanexam.?
[析]takepartin為"參加"某種活動,運動,而在學科中選擇某一學科學習并進行考試應用take.?
except?
[誤]Theroomiscleanexcepttwodesks.?
[正]Theroomiscleanexceptfortwodesks.?
[誤]IcomehereeverydayexceptforSunday.?
[正]IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.?
[析]在同一類物體中排除某一部分用except,在不同類物體中排除某一物體時用exceptfor。而exceptthat其后接從句,如:Sheisagoodgirlexceptthatsheiscarelesssometimes.?而besides則是"包括在內",如"我學習英語同時還學法語。"應譯為:IstudyEnglishbesidesFrench.?
exercise?
[誤]ThestudentsexercisespokenEnglishinthemorning.?
[正]ThestudentspractisespokenEnglishinthemorning.?
[析]exercise多指運動、訓練,而practise則多指把理論付諸于實踐的練習。?
[誤]Everyoneshoulddoexerciseseveryday.?
[正]Everyoneshoulddoexerciseeveryday.?
[析]作為運動講exercise是不可數(shù)名詞,而當"練習"、"體操"、"早操"則是可數(shù)名詞,例如:IdoalotexercisesintheP.E.class.?
F?
fail?
[誤]Tomfailedhisexam.?
[正]Tomfailedinhisexam.?
[正]Tomfailedtopasstheexam.?
[析]fail為不及物動詞,其后可用in加名詞,或直接接不定式。?
family?
[誤]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamiliesarewaitingforme.?
[誤]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamilyiswaitingforme.?
[正]ImsorryIhavetogo.Tomsfamilyarewaitingforme.?
[析]family是集合名詞,把它當作整體看它是單數(shù),如看作家庭中的每個成員則為復數(shù)。如:Yourfamilyareverykindtome.Myfamilyisverylarge.?
far?
[誤]Myschoolistenmilesfarfromhere.?
[正]Myschoolistenmilesawayfromhere.?
[析]far一般不與實際距離連用。?
[誤]"Didyouwalkfar?"
?"Yes,Iwalkedfar."?
[正]"Didyouwalkfar?"
?"Yes,Iwalkedalongway."?
[析]一般肯定句中不用far單獨作狀語,而用alongway.far組成的常用詞組有:asfaras.①遠至,一直到。如:Hewalkedasfarasthestation.②就……而言。如:Asfarashewasconcernedthesebookswereverygood.③只要。如:IcanhelpyouasfarasIcan.?sofor到目前為止。例:Heisverywellsofar.?
fartherfurther?
far有兩個比較級,即farther和further,其意思略有不同:farther主要用于表示距離的遠近,如:MilanisfartherawaythanRome.而further則是指"進一步的",如:Willweneedanyfurtherdiscussiononthismatter.?
fast?
[誤]Afasttrainrunsfastly.?
[正]Afasttrainrunsfast.?
[析]fast其形容詞與副詞形式相同。?
fastsoon?
fast指行動本身的速度快,如:Theforeignerspeakstoofast.而soon則多指兩個動作之間間隔短,時間到來的迅速,如:Shewillcomesoon.?
feel?
[誤]Ifeelbadlyaboutmymistakes.?
[正]Ifeelbadaboutmymistakes.?
[析]感觀動詞如feel,smell等后面要接形容詞而不是副詞。feelgood是指某人精神好,而feelwell是指人身體狀況良好。?
[誤]Itrynottohurtherfeeling.?
[正]Itrynottohurtherfeelings.?
[析]feeling在作"感情"講時要用復數(shù),而作"感覺"講則要用單數(shù)。如:Ihaveafeelingthatwewillwinthegame.?
few?
[誤]Fewofthemisverygood.?
[正]Fewofthemareverygood.?
[析]few意為"幾乎沒有",但要用復數(shù)謂語動詞。如果講有一些人應用afew,如:Therewereonlyafewpeopleinthestreet.?
[誤]Therearelessfarmsthanthereusedtobe.?
[正]Therearefewerfarmsthanthereusedtobe.?
[析]few的比較級為fewer,其后接可數(shù)名詞;而little的比較級為less,其后接不可數(shù)名詞。?
field?
[誤]Heisafamousscientistonthefieldofphysics.?
[正]Heisafamousscientistinthefieldofphysics.?
[析]inthefield是"在田野上"或是"在某一學科領域內",而onthefield則多指"在戰(zhàn)場上"。如:Helosthislifeonthebattlefield.?
fill?
[誤]Shefilledorangeintomyglass.?
[正]Shefilledmyglasswithorange.?
[析]表示要用某種物品裝滿某容器時要用fillwith詞組,如:Theboyranbackhomefilledwithjoy.?
fillfull?
fill是動詞,但有及物與不及物兩種用法,當表示"充滿"之意時是不及物動詞,應用fillwith,如:Thelittlegirlseyesfilledwithtears.而當表示"使……裝滿某物"時,是及物動詞,如:Hefilledhispocketwithbooks.而befilledwith應看作系表結構,如:Theboysmotherwasfilledwithanger.full是形容詞,要用befullof這一詞組,如:Theboywasfullofjoy.?
find?
[誤]Hehasfindedhislostbike.?
[正]Hehasfoundhislostbike.?
[析]find是不規(guī)則動詞,其過去式和過去分詞均是found。但found一詞又意為"建立",它是規(guī)則動詞,其過去式及過去分詞均為founded.?
[誤]Itisverydifficulttolookforasuitablejob.?
[正]Itisverydifficulttofindasuitablejob.?
[析]lookfor為"尋找",而find是找到。尋找工作并不難,難的應是找到合適的工作。?
findfindout?
findout意為"找出、算出、發(fā)現(xiàn)",如:Ihavefoundouthowtodoit.而find的主要側重點在找到某物,如:Ifindmybookunderthedesk.?
finish?
[誤]Ifinishedtoreadthatbooklastnight.?
[正]Ifinishedreadingthatbooklastnight.?
[析]英文中有些動詞其后只能用動名詞作賓語而不能用不定式作賓語,這樣的動詞在中考范圍內有兩個,即finish和enjoy。?
fire?
[誤]Theresnosmokewithoutafire.?
[正]Theresnosmokewithoutfire.?
[析]此句應譯為中文"無風不起浪"。fire作為物質名詞"火"講時為不可數(shù)名詞,而作為"爐火"、"火災"講則是可數(shù)名詞,如:Therewasafireinthenextstreetlastmonth.如要講"著火了"要用beonfire,如:Thefactorywas
onfire.?
[誤]Themanfiredtous.?
[正]Themanfiredatus.?
[析]fire(on)at均指"向某目標開火",at用于較小目標,而on用于較大目標。?
first?
[誤]IsthisyourfirstlyvisittoBeijing??
[正]IsthisyourfirstvisittoBeijing??
[析]除了在強調第一、第二、第三等場合中有時還可見firstly一詞外,這個詞已不多見,而均被first取代。first還有"首先"、"首次"、"第一次"之意。
?
follow?
[誤]Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollow.?
[正]Ireceivedaletterwhichranasfollows.?
[析]asfollows是慣用法,其意為"如下",不論在任何場合均要用follows.?
[誤]Asfollowsarehisarguments.?
[正]Thefollowingarehisarguments.?
[析]asfollows主要用于句尾,而thefollowing則用于句首。?
food?
[誤]Toomuchsweetfood,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.?
[正]Toomanyfoods,suchascakes,chocolates,pastry…mayincreaseyourweight.
[析]food泛指食物時為不可數(shù)名詞,如:Thereisnofoodforsupper.而指一種種食物時則用作可數(shù)名詞。?
foot?
[誤]Thereisafive?feet?widebridge.?
[正]Thereisafive?foot?widebridge.?
[析]用連字符組成的形容詞中所有名詞均要用單數(shù)形式。?
[誤]Wewenttocollegeonfeet.?
[正]Wewenttocollegeonfoot.?
[析]by后面加接交通工具時,不應加任何冠詞,不要用名詞的復數(shù)形式。如加了某些修飾詞后,其前面的介詞要作適當?shù)母淖?,如:Icametoschoolinhiscaryesterday.Igotoshoolonatrain.?
for?
[誤]Iwantedtogotothepubforhavingadrink.?
[正]Iwantedtogotothepubforadrink.?
[正]Iwantedtogotothepubtohaveadrink.?
[析]用for表示目的時,其后面只能接名詞,而不要接動名詞。?
[誤]Iwenttotheofficeforseeingtheheadmaster.?
[正]Iwenttotheofficetoseetheheadmaster.?
[析]用不定式來表示動作的目的。?
[誤]IwillleaveBeijingtoShanghai.?
[正]IwillleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[正]IwillleaveforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor為一固定搭配,不要改動。?
[誤]Iboughtabooktoyou.?
[正]Iboughtabookforyou.?
[誤]Heisafriendforus.?
[正]Heisafriendtous.?
[析]在英文中"為"一詞在泛指時用to,在特指時要用for.?
[誤]Thisfoodisgoodtous.?
[正]Thisfoodisgoodforus.?
[析]詞組begood(bad)for表示"對……有好(壞)處"。?
[誤]ForIwasfeelingquitehungry,Iwantedtohavelunch.?
[正]Iwantedtohavelunch,forIwasfeelingquitehungry.?
[析]for作為"因為"講時一般不要置于句首,而且口氣也比because弱的多。?
forget?
[誤]Ileftmykey.?
[正]Ileftmykeyathome.?
[正]Iforgotmykey.?
[析]leave是"丟下"之意,所以一定要接地點狀語,而forget是"忘記",所以不用接地點狀語。?
[誤]Iwillnotforgettherules.?
[正]Iwillneverforgettherules.?
[誤]Pleasedontforgetpostingmyletteronyourwayhome.?
[正]Pleasedontforgettopostmyletteronyourwayhome.?
[析]要注意forgettodosomething為"忘了去作某事",而forgetdoingsomething則應譯為"對已經(jīng)作過的事記不起來了"。如:Heforgetreturningthebooktothelibrary.應譯為"他忘記已把書還給圖書館這件事了。"同樣用法的詞還有remember和regret.?
free?
[誤]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofmyparents.?
[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofmyparents.?
[析]free作為副詞時意為"免費"、"不必付款",如:Youcaneatfreeinmyrestaurant.而freely則意為"自由地"、"無限制地"。?
French?
[誤]ShecomesfromFrench.?
[正]ShecomesfromFrance.?
[析]French是"法語"、"法國的",而France才是"法國"。
?
friend?
[誤]Henoddedtomefriendly.?
[正]Henoddedtomeinafriendlyfashion.?
[析]friendly是形容詞,不是副詞。在英語中應避免講Heisafriendofmymother.又比如:Igotoschoolwithmyfriend.從語法上講是對的但不是習慣上英語的說法。而應講Heisafriendofmymothers.Igotoschoolwithafriend.befriendswith則是"交朋友"之意,例如:Ihopeyouwillbefriendswithme.而不應講Ihopeyouwillbemyfriend.交朋友還有一慣用法是makefriends.?
from?
[誤]Wheredoyoucomefrom??Icomefromthelibrary.?
[正]Wheredoyoucomefrom??IcomefromEngland.?
[正]Wheredidyoucomefrom??Icamefromthelibrary.?
[析]Wheredoyoucomefrom?應意為"你是從什么國家(地方)來的?"(即意為"你是哪的人?")而Wheredidyoucomefrom?才是"你剛剛從哪來?"?
front?
[誤]Therearethreetalltreesinthefrontofmyhouse.?
[正]Therearethreetalltreesinfrontofmyhouse.?
[析]infrontof是某物體外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在某物體內部的前面。如:Thebusdriverisseatedinthefrontofthebus.?
G?
game?
[誤]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGame.?
[正]HewenttoAmericatotakepartintheOlympicGames.?
[析]game作為"運動會"講時應用其復數(shù)形式,而具體一個游戲則可用其單數(shù)形式。如:Ourschoolteamwonthegame.?
German?
[誤]TheyareGermen.?
[正]TheyareGermans.?
[誤]ShecomesfromGerman.?
[正]ShecomesfromGermany.?
[析]German是"德國人"、"德國的"、"德語",其復數(shù)形式是Germans;而Germany才是德國。?
gather?
[誤]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatheredtogethernow.?
[正]Allthestudentsandteachersaregatherednow.?
[析]用了動詞gather就不要再用together了。這句話還可以這樣講:Allthestudentsandteachersgottogether.?
give?
[誤]Shegivesuptolookforthelostbike.?
[正]Shegivesuplookingforthelostbike.?
[析]giveup意為"放棄",其后只接動名詞作介詞賓語,而不應接不定式。
?
glad?
[誤]Hisparentswereverygladforhissuccessinbusiness.?
[正]Hisparentswereverygladofhissuccessinbusiness.?
[正]Hisparentswereverygladtoknowhissuccessinbusiness.?
[析]"為……感到高興"應是begladofsomething或begladtodosomething.?
glass?
[誤]Theoldteacherhastwopairofbigglass.?
[正]Theoldteacherhastwopairsofbigglasses.?
[析]glass作為"眼鏡"講,應用復數(shù)形式,在英語中手套gloves褲子pants,剪刀scissors均用復數(shù)形式。glass作"玻璃杯"講時則可用單數(shù)形式或復數(shù)形式,如:Iwanttwoglassesofmilk.而作為物質名詞"玻璃"講則要用作不可數(shù)名詞,如:Theboybroketwopanesofglass.?
go?
[誤]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow??-Yes,Imgoing.?
[正]-Mary,couldyoucometomyhomenow??
-Yes,Imcoming.?
[析]go是指離開說話人所在地,而come指的是朝向說話人的方向:如:Comehere!CanIcomeandhelpyou?但在口語中也有一些例外,如表示要參加到某人或者某件活動時常用come,如:Wearegoingtohaveapartytonight.Wouldyouliketocomewithus??
gonebeen?
HehasgonetoShanghai.指此人已去上海不在此地了。?
HehasbeentoShanghai.指此人去過上?,F(xiàn)已回來了。?
gold?
[誤]Shebrushedhergoldhaircarefully.?
[正]Shebrushedhergoldenhaircarefully.?
[析]gold作形容詞指"金質的",如:agoldring,agoldcoin,而golden是"金色的",如:goldenage(金色的時代),但"金魚"例外,為goldfish。
?
good?
[誤]Ivebeenwaitingforgoodtwentyminutes.?
[正]Ivebeenwaitingforagoodtwentyminutes.?
[析]agood之意為"足足"、"整整"之意。?
goodwell?
Heisgood.應譯為"他是個好人。"而Heiswell.應譯為"他身體不錯。"Ifeelgood.即精神狀態(tài)良好,而Ifeelwell.即身體狀況不錯。?
[誤]Thisfoodisverygoodtoyou.?
[正]Thisfoodisverygoodforyou.?
[析]begoodfor是"對……有利、有好處",而begoodto是指"對待某人不錯",如:Yourfriendisverygoodtome.?
grade?
[誤]-Whatgradeareyouin??-Imingrade1.?
[正]-Whatgradeareyouin??-IminGread1.?
[析]當泛指那一年級時grade的頭一個字母小寫,當有具體數(shù)字時則要大寫。?
H?
hadbetter?
[誤]Youhavebetterhurry.?
[正]Youhadbetterhurry.?
[析]hadbetter只用過去時had,不要誤用成現(xiàn)在時have。?
[誤]Youhadntbetterworry.?
[正]Youhadbetternotworry.?
[析]hadbetter后面加不帶to的不定式,其否定式是"hadbetternot+動詞原形"。?
half?
[誤]Ihaddrivenabouthalfmile.?
[正]Ihaddrivenabouthalfamile.?
[析]"半小時"有兩種講法halfanhour,ahalfhour.而"一個半小時"應講anhourandahalf或oneandahalfhours."半天"應講halfaday,"半鎊"應講halfapound.但要盡量避免使用halfayear,而應用sixmonths;不用halfamonth,而用twoweeks或fifteendays.?
[誤]Halfuscouldgotothepark.?
[正]Halfofuscouldgotothepark.?
[析]half用于名詞前可用of結構也可不用of結構,但用于代詞前則必須加of。如:Morethanhalf(of)myclassmatesareboys.?
[誤]Oneandhalfapplesareleftonthetable.?
[正]Oneandhalfapplesisleftonthetable.?
[析]一個半oneandhalf后面的名詞要用復數(shù),而句中的謂語動詞卻要用單數(shù)。?
[誤]Halfoftheworkaredone.?
[正]Halfoftheworkisdone.?
[誤]Halfofthesixapplesisred.?
[正]Halfofthesixapplesarered.?
[析]"halfof+名詞"這一結構后面的謂語動詞應與of后面的名詞相一致,如為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),要用單數(shù)謂語動詞;而復數(shù)名詞后面要加與復數(shù)相對應的謂語動詞。?
hand?
[誤]Heshookhandwithhisteacher.?
[正]Heshookhandswithhisteacher.?
[析]與某人握手要用shakehands.與hand有關的詞組中有很多要用復數(shù)形式,如:changehands(轉手、易手),inthehandsof(由……控制),joinhands(與人合作)。?
happen?
[誤]Whatwashappenedtoyoulastmonth??
[正]Whathappenedtoyoulastmonth??
[誤]Anaccidentwashappenedinthisstreetlastnight.?
[正]Anaccidenthappenedinthisstreetlastnight.?
[析]在英語中不及物動詞沒有被動態(tài),作為"發(fā)生"講的happen,takeplace和breakout都不具有被動態(tài)。happento常用來表達一件偶然發(fā)生的事,如:Ifyouhappentomeetmysisterpleaseaskhertocallme.?
hard?
[誤]Ihavetostudyhardly.?
[正]Ihavetostudyhard.?
[析]hard是形容詞,如:ahardwork,但它同時也是副詞。hardly是hard的又一副詞形式,但詞意截然不同,意為"幾乎不"。?
[誤]Ihadmylegbrokenlastterm,soIcouldnthardlystudyatall.?
[正]IhadmylegbrokenlasttermsoIhardlystudiedatall.?
[析]hardly意為"否定",所以不要再加否定詞語了,如果hardly用于句首則應采用倒裝語序,如:Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenshestartedcomplaining.?
have?
[誤]Ihadmyboydohishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.?
[正]Ihadmyboydoinghishomeworkfrommorningtillnoon.?
[析]用havesomebodydosomething還是doingsomething要取決句子的意思和句中的時間狀語。?
[誤]Ihavemybiketorepair.?
[正]Ihavemybikerepaired.?
[析]havesomethingdone這一句型是讓某事被別人去作,請看下面兩句意義的不同:Ihaverepairedmybike.(我自己已修好了自行車。)而Ihavemybikerepaired.(我把車推出去讓別人修理了。)?
[誤]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhave.?
[正]Couldyougivemesomemoneyifyouhaveany.?
[析]"如果你有的話"一句譯為英文應加上any一詞,如:Iwantsomebooksifthereisany.?
headache?
[誤]Ivegotheadache.?
[正]Ivegotaheadache.?
[析]Headache是一個規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞,所以可以講:Mymotheroftengetsheadaches.但是"牙痛"toothache,"肚子痛"stomache?ache等卻都可以用作不可數(shù)名詞,如:Ivegottoothache.但也可用作可數(shù)名詞。?
hear?
[誤]Hewasheardsinginthenextroom.?
[正]Hewasheardtosinginthenextroom.?
[析]hearsomebodydosomething這一句式用于被動語態(tài)時要把原來省略的不定式to還原回來。而在hearsomebodydoingsomething這一句式中則不會出現(xiàn)上述問題。如,主動態(tài):Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時為:Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.這種用法還適用于see,look,observe,watch,notice,listento等。?
hearlistento?
hear一詞為聽見了什么,或聽到什么,強調其結果;而listento則強調有意要聽,聽的傾向。如:Iwanttolistentoyou,butIhearnothing.?
但詞組hearabout(of)則為"聽說過"之意,如:Iheardaboutthis.(我聽說過此事。)而hearfrom則為"收到某人信件"之意:Ioftenhearfrommygirlfriend.?
help?
[誤]Pleasehelpmyhomework.?
[正]Pleasehelpmedomyhomework.?
[正]Pleasehelpmewithmyhomework.?
[析]help其句型是helpsomebodydo(todo)something.意為"幫某人作某事",但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個動作,如:Hehelphismothercookthemeal.即"他和母親一起作飯。"而Hehelpmetodomyhomework.則是"他指導我做作業(yè)"。但在現(xiàn)代英語中這個區(qū)別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同,并無區(qū)別。?
[誤]WhenIreadtheplayIcanthelptothinkofmychildhood.?
[正]WhenIreadtheplayIcanthelpthinkingofmychildhood.?
[析]canthelpdoingsomething是"身不由己,情不自禁做某事"。?
[誤]Helpyourselfwithsomecakes.?
[正]Helpyourselftosomecakes.?
[析]中文中講"你自己拿蛋糕吃",英文中要用helpsomebodytosomething.?
here?
[誤]Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Herecomesthebus!?
[析]副詞在句首時一般要用倒裝語序,即謂語動詞的位置前移。但是,若主語如是人稱代詞,則還是要用正常語序,如:Hereweare!?
high?
[誤]Heisveryhigh.?
[正]Heisverytall.?
[析]英語中的兩個"高"high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high則只指物體的高,所以可以講Thisbuildingisthehighestbuildinginthecity.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。?
hit?
[誤]Themothergotangryandhittheboy.?
[正]Themothergotangryandbeattheboy.?
[析]hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打擊,如Hehithisheadagainstthewall.(他把頭撞到了墻上。)而beat則指多次性的打擊。?
home?
[誤]Imtired.ItstimeIwenttohome.?
[正]Imtired.ItstimeIwenthome.?
[析]home此處用作副詞,所以不應加to,又如:Iarrivedhomeateleventhirtyyesterdayevening.而athome除了"在家"之意外,還有像"在家里一樣"之意。如Makeyourselfathome.(不要拘束就像在家一樣。)?
homehousefamily?
home是指與親人一起居住的地方,可以講aletterfromhome,所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側重點則在建筑物,如Manynewhouseswerebuiltthisyear.family一詞,作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數(shù),如:Herfamilyisahappyone.而作為家庭成員講時要用復數(shù)謂語動詞,如:Myfamilyarealllikeswimming.?
homgwork?
[誤]Ihavesomanyhomeworktodotoday.?
[正]Ihavesomuchhomeworkgodotoday.?
[析]homework為不可數(shù)名詞。同樣的詞還有work(work作為"著作"、"作品"、"工廠"講時為可數(shù)名詞),fun,healthinformation等。?
hope?
[誤]Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.?
[正]Ihopeyouwillbeagoodstudent.?
[析]hope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補足語,但它可以接不定式作賓語,如:Ihopetobeascientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補足語,如:Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.
[誤]Idonthopeyouwillgototheparktomorrow.?
[正]Ihopeyouwontgototheparktomorrow.?
[析]hope和think在否定句中的用法不同,如"我認為你錯了"。應譯為:Idontthinkyouareright.即否定在前。而hope則不能這樣用。又如在答語中"我不這樣認為"應譯為Idontthinkso.或Ihopenot.?
[誤]Ihopeyourhelp.?
[正]Ihopeforyourhelp.?
[析]hopefor為"期望某事發(fā)生",雖然hope是及物動詞,但表達期望某事情發(fā)生要用"hopefor+名詞"這一結構。?
[誤]Iwashopefultopasstheexam.?
[正]Iwashopefulofpassingtheexam.?
[析]對某事存有希望應用"hopefulof(about)+介詞賓語"這一結構。?
hospital?
[誤]Mymotherwasinthehospitalfortwoweeks.?
[正]Mymotherwasinhospitalfortwoweeks.?
[析]inhospital為"住院就醫(yī)"。而in(at)thehospital為"在醫(yī)院(工作)"。如:Heisadoctorin(at)thehospital.類似的用法還有很多,如:"上學"為gotoschool,atschool為"在校就讀",gotobed為"上床睡覺"。?
how?
[誤]Iwanttoknowhowtodo.?
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.?
[析]how是關聯(lián)副詞,要注意與關聯(lián)代詞的不同用法。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.
[誤]Howdoyouthinkaboutit??
[正]Whatdoyouthinkaboutit??
[析]英文中表達你對某事的看法如何應用Whatdoyouthinkabout…這一句式。?
hurry?
[誤]Letshurry.Thereisalittletimeleft.?
[正]Letshurry.Thereislittletimeleft.?
[誤]Dontworry.Thereislittletimeleft.?
[正]Dontworry.Thereisalittletimeleft.?
[析]請注意英語中的慣用法:"快點吧,沒時間了",或"別著急還有一點時間。"?
[誤]Thecarishurryingthroughthestreet.?
[正]Thecarisrushingthroughtthestreet.?
[析]hurry一詞只用于人而不用于物體。?
hundred?
[誤]Therearetwohundredspeoplehere.?
[正]Therearetwohundredpeoplehere.?
[誤]Therearehundredofpeoplehere.?
[正]Therearehundredsofpeoplehere.?
[析]hundred一詞前如有數(shù)字時不論多少其后都不加?s,這和thousand(千)等數(shù)量詞的用法一樣,而hundredsof是數(shù)百的,這一詞組一定要加?s.?
hurt?
[誤]Idontwanttowoundherfeelings.?
[正]Idontwanttohurtherfeelings.?
[析]wound是指戰(zhàn)場上的刀槍傷(名詞),或用刀槍"傷害"、"打傷"(動詞)。
I
if?
[誤]IfitwillrainIwontgotoschooltomorrow.?
[正]IfitrainsIwontgotoschooltomorrow.?
[析]由if引起的狀語從句要用一般時表示將來。?
[誤]Iwanttoknowifhecomesheretomorrow.?
[正]Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow.?
[析]if所引起的如果是賓語從句則不能用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。?
[誤]Iwanttoknowifitwillraintomorrowhewillcomeornot.?
[正]Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowhewillcomeornot.?
[析]這里的if從句是整個賓語從句的條件狀語,所以,還應用一般時表示將來。?
ill?
[誤]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhisillfather.?
[正]Hespentmanyyearslookingafterhissickfather.?
[析]ill和sick都可以作表語,如:Imill(sick).美國英語中常用sick,而英國英語中兩者都可用,但ill一般不作定語。?
in?
[誤]Inacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.?
[正]Onacoldmorning,Iwenttoschoolalone.?
[析]在inthemorning或intheafternoon詞組中,不論在這兩個名詞的前或后加任何修飾詞,其介詞in都要變?yōu)閛n.?
[誤]Iwillfinishitaftertwodays.?
[正]Iwillfinishitintwodays.?
[析]中文中幾天以后可以完成,或幾天后來取,在譯為英文時都不要用after,而要用in.如:Hewillbebackinafewdays.?
ininto?
作為副詞應用in,而不能用into,如:Comein,please.又若在句中不涉及到動詞的位置,只是表達空間的位置時用in,如:Theteacherintheofficeismymother.但在go,run,come,walk,dive等詞后則要用into.如:Shedivesintotheriver.?
instead?
[誤]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadtogotoschool.?
[正]Theboystayedinbedalldayinsteadofgoingtoschool.?
[析]insteadof其后要接動名詞、名詞或代詞,而不能用不定式,如:Ichoosethisbookinsteadofthatone.?
[誤]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinsteadofit.?
[正]Thebeerhereisnotgood,soIdrinkwineinstead.?
[析]instead是副詞,而insteadof是介詞短語。如:Ifyouarenotfree,youmaycomeanotherdayinstead.?
interest?
[誤]Hehasagreatinterestforphysics.?
[正]Hehasagreatinterestinphysics.?
[誤]Hehassomeinterestinmanycompanies.?
[正]Hehassomeinterestsinmanycompanies.?
[析]interest作為"興趣"講可用作不可數(shù)名詞,但作為"利息"、"股份"講時為可數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Thisisaninterestedbook.?
[正]Thisisaninterestingbook.?
[析]修飾物時應用interesting,如,aninterestingfilm,而講某人對某事感興趣時要用過去分詞interested,如:Iminterestedinthisplay.但"他是一個十分有趣的人"。應譯為Heisaninterestingman.所以interesting是"令人感興趣"之意,而interested則表示某人對某事物感興趣,多用"beinterestedinsomething"這一句型。?
invent?
[誤]AmericawasinventedbyChristopherColumbusin1492.?
[正]AmericawasdiscoveredbyChristopherColumbusin1492.?
[析]invent意為"發(fā)明"即從無到有,如:CompasswasinventedbytheChinesepeople.而discover則意為"發(fā)現(xiàn)"。?
it?
[誤]Thattakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.?
[正]Ittakesmetenyearstofinishthiswork.?
[析]it在這個句中的語法作用是形式主語,而真正的主語是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主語或形式賓語,如:IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.?
J?
中學生英語學習常見錯誤一覽表1?
中學生英語學習常見錯誤一覽表?
A?
a?
[誤]IthinkitisanusefulEnglishdictionary.?
[正]IthinkitisausefulEnglishdictionary.?
[析]在不定冠詞a與an的用法中要注意的一點是:an用在以元音開頭的詞之前;而a則用在以輔音開頭的詞之前。要特別注意的是以u字母打頭的單詞,如useful,university等,其第一個音標是[j],所以要特別予以注意。?
[誤]Ineedahourtofinishthisletter.?
[正]Ineedanhourtofinishthisletter.?
[析]要注意hour和honest的第一個字母不發(fā)音。?
[誤]Myteacherisaunknownman,butheisaverygoodman.?
[正]Myteacherisanunknownman,butheisaverygoodman.?
[析]要注意以u打頭的單詞,它的發(fā)音為[?]時,單數(shù)名詞前要用an,如uncle等。
[誤]Thereisa"f"intheword"football".?
[正]Thereisan"f"intheword"football".?
[析]英文字母單獨使用時,如其第一個發(fā)音是元音時,其前面的不定冠詞應該用an而不是a.?
[誤]Ihavealittlebrother.Heisa8?year?oldboy.?
[正]Ihavealittlebrother.Heisan8?year?oldboy.?
[析]要注意這些字母的第一個發(fā)音為元音,如eight,eleven等。
?
able?
[誤]Thisbikeisabletoberepaired.?
[正]Thisbikecanberepaired.?
[析]beableto主要表達某事或某人具有某種能力去作某事,應譯為"有本領"、"有能力"、"可以"作某事,如:Imabletoswimacrossthisriver.而can可以用來表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如:Thisradiocanberepairedhere.?
about?
[誤]Thisclassisabouttobeginjustnow.?
[正]Thisclassisabouttobegin.?
[析]要注意beaboutto是"將要"的意思,含有將來時之意,不要與表示過去時的時間狀語連用。另外,beaboutto一般用作書面語,對應的口語是begoingto.
?
abouton?
about與on都可以作"關于"講,但卻有所不同,例如:Thisbookisaboutphysics.應譯為"這是一本關于物理學的科普讀物。"而:Thisbookisonphysics.則應譯為"這是一本物理學方面的專著。"?
above?
[誤]Thetemperatureisfivedegreesoverzero.?
[正]Thetemperatureisfivedegreesabovezero.?
[析]表達"在……上方"時,above與over是可以互換的,如:Theskyisabove(orover)ourheads.但是要表達在垂直方向上的上方時則應用above不可用over,如:Thesunhasrisenabovethehorizon.?
[誤]ThereisoftenthickcloudabovetheSouthofChinainsummer.?
[正]ThereisoftenthickcloudovertheSouthofChinainsummer.?
[析]當表達覆蓋之意時,只可用over而不能用above.?
[誤]Thereisabridgeabovetheriver.?
[正]Thereisabridgeovertheriver.?
[析]用來表達"從……上方越過"時不能用above只能用over,如:Theplaneflewoverthecity.但要注意Thereiswaterfallabovethebridge.則應譯為"在橋的上游有一個瀑布。"?
across?
[誤]Heranacrossthewood.?
[正]Heranthroughthewood.?
[析]across是指某一動作在一平面內進行,而through則是指該動作在一三維立體空間的運動過程。如:Themancameinthroughthewindow.Hewalkedacrossthesquare.
across?
across的主要用法有兩個。其一,意為"對面",如:Thereisaschooljustacrossthestreet.其二,意為"橫過",如:Hewalkedacrossthestreet.?
afraid?
[誤]Idonttafraidofhim.?
[正]Iamnotafraidofhim.?
[析]要注意"害怕"afraid一詞在英語中不是動詞,而是形容詞,要與be動詞連用。?
after?
[誤]Twoweeksafterheleft.?
[正]Twoweekslaterheleft.?
[正]Heleftaftertwoweeks.?
[析]要表達"在多少時間之后",英語中有兩種表達法,即:用later時,要時間在前,如threehourslater;而用after時要時間在后,如afterthreehours.?
[誤]Myfatherwillbebackafterafewhours.?
[正]Myfatherwillbebackinafewhours.?
[析]受中文的影響,這個介詞常常被誤用。當你要表達在一段時間內某個動作可以完成時,一定要用in,而不能用after,因為after是指在某一時間之后。例如:Thisworkwillbedoneintwodays.即表明在兩天內這一工作一定會做完。而如用了after,即表示在兩天之后,完成的時間是不確定的。?
afterbehind?
after多用于表示順序的前后,如:ShewalkedinthelineafterTom.或用來表示"追趕",表示一種動態(tài),如:HeranafterMary.而behind多用于強調先進與落后,如:Sheismuchbehindtheothergirlsinsewing.或者用于表達"遲于",如:Thetrainwastenminutesbehindthetimetable.或者與表示靜態(tài)的動詞連用,如:Shehidherselfbehindtheflowers.?
afternoon?
[誤]Heworkedveryhardinahotafternoon.?
[正]Heworkedveryhardonahotafternoon.?
[析]習慣用的詞組intheafternoon,如果加入任何修飾詞后其前面的介詞in都要改為on,不論其修飾詞在前還是在后,如:HeswaminthisriverontheafternoonofJunelst.又如:AreyoufreeonSundayafternoon??
against?
[誤]Heagainstme.?
[正]Heisagainstme.?
[析]要注意against意為"反對",但它在英文中卻不是動詞,而是介詞,如要講反對某事或某人時則要加動詞be,如:Heisagainstsomebody/something.?
againstfor?
against意為"反對"、"不贊成";而for則意為"同意",為其反意詞。如:Areyouforor??against?theplan??
age?
[誤]Heistwentyyearsoldofage.?
[正]Heistwenty.?
[正]Heistwentyyearsold.?
[正]Heisattheageoftwenty.?
ago?
[誤]Tomsfatherhasbeendeadfiveyearsago.?
[正]Tomsfatherdiedfiveyearsago.?
[析]ago意為由說話時算起,若干時間以前。它只能和一般動詞過去時連用,而不要與完成時連用。?
[誤]YesterdayImetafriend.Wedidntseeeachotherforalongtimesinceweleftthecollegetwentyyearsago.?
[正]YesterdayImetafriend.Wehadntseeneachotherforalongtimesinceweleftthecollegetwentyyearsago.?
[析]要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的從句之中,只是從句應用過去時,但不影響主句的時態(tài)。?
agree?
[誤]Doestheteacheragreetous??
[正]Doestheteacheragreewithus??
[誤]Doesheagreewithourplan??
[正]Doesheagreewithus??
[析]agreewith指"同意某人的提議、建議、計劃"等。如果要講同意某項計劃則要用agreeto,如:Doyouagreetotheplan??
all?
[誤]Theoldmanhastwosons.Allofthemareworkers.?
[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Bothofthemareworkers.?
[析]all是指三者或以上的全部,而both則是指"兩者都"。?
[誤]Theallchildrenareplayingfootballnow.?
[正]Allthechildrenareplayingfootballnow.?
[析]all作修飾詞時其位置要在所有的修飾詞之前,不論這些修飾詞是定冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞或名詞,或代詞的所有格。?
[誤]Youallareright.?
[正]Youareallright.?
[析]all作同位語時其位置要置于be動詞之后,實意動詞之前,如:Theteachersallworkhard.或用于第一助動詞之后,如:Theboyshaveallbeenwaitingfortheirmothers.?
almost?
[誤]Nearlynobodythinksheisright.?
[正]Almostnobodythinksheisright.?
[析]nearly與almost是近意詞,其含意差別不大,但是與否定詞連用時要用almost,例如:Shebroughtalmostnomoneywithher.此句中的almost不能用nearly替換。?
alone?
[誤]Theoldmanlivedlonebuthedidntfeellonely.?
[正]Theoldmanlivedalone,buthedidntfeellonely.?
[析]alone,lone,lonely三個詞全具有"孤單、孤獨"之意。但其用法不同:lone可以作定語,而alone則只能作表語,lonely則多指感情上與感覺上的孤獨。?
already?
[誤]Wearealreadyforthework.?
[正]Weareallreadyforthework.?
[析]already是副詞,其意為"已經(jīng)",如:Healreadyknewaboutit.而allready為形容詞意為"準備好"。?
alreadyyet?
already多用于肯定句中,例如:Thestudentshavealreadyfinishedthework.而yet則多用于疑問句與否定句中,如:Haveyoufinishedityet?Ihaventfinishedityet.?
also?
[誤]Ididntfindthedictionaryalso.?
[正]Ididntfindthedictionaryeither.?
[析]作為"也"講,在否定句中要用either而不能用also.?
alsotoo?
also與too都可用在肯定句中表示"也",但also通常用于be動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后,如:Icanalsodoitmyself.而too一般放于句尾。Illattendhisclass,too.?
always?
[誤]Alwaysheaskedhimselfwhyhehadcomehere.?
[正]Healwaysaskedhimselfwhyhehadcomehere.?
[析]always一般不能用于句首,它在一般句中的位置是于動詞之前第一助動詞之后,如:Ivealwaysthoughtheishonest.又如:Heisalwayslate.?
among?
[誤]Ifthethreeapplesaredividedamongthetwoboyshowmuchwilleachreceive?
[正]Ifthethreeapplesaredividedamongthethreeboyshowmuchwilleachreceive?
[析]among常用于三個事物或人物之間,而between則多用于兩者之間。?
an?
[誤]Thisisanusefuldictionary.?
[正]Thisisausefuldictionary.?
[析]詳見a條。?
and?
[誤]Hedidnotspeakloudlyandclearly.?
[正]Hedidnotspeakloudlynorclearly.?
[誤]OurschoolisnotinNewYorkandChicago,butinBoston.?
[正]OurschoolisnotinNewYorkorChicago,butinBoston.?
[析]"和"這一概念在肯定句中應用and,但在否定句中則要用or
angry?
[誤]Mymotherwasangrytome.?
[正]Mymotherwasangrywithme.?
[誤]HewasangrywithwhatIsaid.?
[正]HewasangryatwhatIsaid.?
[析]要注意beangry后面如果接人,表示"對某人生氣不滿"時應用beangrywithsomebody.但要接事物時要用beangryatsomething.?
another?
[誤]Ihavetwosisters,oneinAmericaandanotherinEnglish.?
[正]Ihavetwosisters,oneinAmericaandtheotherinEnglish.?
[析]要注意英語中another,other,theother,theothers,others的不同用法,現(xiàn)分別說明如下:another作形容詞其意為:泛指的另一個或再一個,別的,類似的。一般在句中作定語,如:Thisisnotgoodenough,pleaseshowmeanotherone.another還可以作為代詞用,如:Onestudentsaid:"Iwanttoplaybaskball."anothersaid:"Iwanttoplayfootball."?other作形容詞其意為"泛指其余的,別的"。如:Ihaveotherbooksbesidesthese.又如:Asksomeotherpeopleplease.theother則為特指,作形容詞時其后面可接單數(shù)或復數(shù)名詞,如:Shehastwoflowers.Oneiswhite,theotheroneisyellow.(特指,單數(shù))又如:Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,twentyfiveareboys,theotherstudentsaregirls.(特指,復數(shù))但當theother作為代詞時,它代表的可以是單數(shù),也可以是復數(shù),如:Hehasabookinonehand,andapenintheother.(單數(shù))又如:Therearesomepeopleintheroom.Fouraregirls,theother(復數(shù))areboys.要注意的是當theother作主語時,其后面的謂語動詞要視具體情況而定,它可能是單數(shù),也可能是復數(shù)。others則只能作代詞,其意為otherones即為:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Eachofusmustthinkofothers.而theothers只能作為代詞,它是特指某一些人或物,如:Iknowonlyoneortwoofthestudents;theothersareunknowntome.
?
answer?
[誤]Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasereplythedoorbell.?
[正]Someoneisknockingatthedoor,Pleaseanswerthedoorbell.?
[析]answer與reply是近意詞,作為及物動詞用時有時二者是可以互換的,如:Thestudentanswered/repliedthathewantedtowatchTV.但在某些特定場合則不易互換。作為應答之意時則多用answer,如:Youshouldanswertoyourname.Pleaseanswermyletterassoonaspossible.AnswermyquestioninEnglish.?
any?
[誤]Doyouhavesomequestions??
[正]Doyouhaveanyquestions??
[析]some一般要用于肯定句,而any則用于否定句或疑問句。?
[誤]ChinaislargerthananyothercountriesinAsia.?
[正]ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.?
[析]要注意anyother其后要跟單數(shù)名詞,但anyoftheother其后要接復數(shù)名詞。?China?islargerthananyoftheothercountriesinAsia.?
[誤]Herearesomebooks;youcanchooseanyoneofthese.?
[正]Herearesomebooks;youcanchooseanyoneofthese.?
[析]anyone只能指人,而anyone即可指人也可以指物。?
around?
[誤]Thenineplanetsgoaroundofthesun.?
[正]Thenineplanetsgoaroundthesun.?
[析]around后面不要再加介詞,如:Thesunshinesallaroundus.?
aroundround?
作介詞用的around與round通??梢曰Q,只不過美語常用around,而英語常用round,例如:Youcanseethepostofficeround/aroundthatcorner.(繞過那個彎你就可以看到郵局。但是一定要區(qū)別它們的不同之處:round可以用作形容詞、副詞、介詞、動詞、名詞;而around只能用作副詞或介詞。例如:Thepostofficeisjustround(around)thehouse(用作介詞).Hehasroundface(用作形容詞).Theriverroundedthestones.(用作動詞)?
arrive?
[誤]IarrivedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.?
[正]IarrivedinBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.?
[正]IreachedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.?
[誤]Hearrivedintheschoolat11∶00.?
[正]Hearrivedattheschoolat11∶00.?
[析]arrive為不及物動詞,當?shù)竭_的是較大的地理區(qū)域時用介詞in,而到達較小的地方時則用at,如:arriveinNewYork,arriveatthevillage.?
arrivereachget?
arrive如上所述是不及物動詞,而reach則是及物動詞。如:Howdidyoureachtheschoolthismorning?而get可用作不及物動詞,作"到達"講時其后面多與to連用。如:WhendidyougettoNewYork??
as?
[誤]Thismanworksinthebankforamanager.?
[正]Thismanworksinthebankasamanager.?
[析]as與for有時是可以通用的。如:Thisroomisusedas(for)aclassroom.但是用來指官銜、職位時只能用as.?
[誤]MybrotherissotallerasTom.?
[正]MybrotherisastallasTom.?
[析]as…as之間只能用形容詞與副詞的原級,而不能用比較級。在否定句中可以用so…as,也可以用as…as,但在肯定句中只能用as…as,如:HeisnotsotallasTom.
[誤]Illgivehimthenoteassoonashewillcome.?
[正]Illgivehimthenoteassoonashecomes.?
[析]assoonas所引導的狀語從句中應使用一般時態(tài)表示將來。?
ask?
[誤]Thestudentaskedaquestiontotheteacher.?
[正]Thestudentaskedtheteacheraquestion.?
[析]ask應接雙賓語,即asksomebodysomething.?
[誤]Theyaskedsomebooks.?
[正]Theyaskedforsomebooks.?
[析]向某人要求某物時應用asksomebodyforsomething或askforsomethingfromsomebody,如:Heaskedhismotherforsomemoney.或Heaskedforsomemoneyfromhismother.?
asleep?
[誤]Heisdeeplyasleep.?
[正]Heisfastasleep.?
[析]要講"熟睡",就要用fast來修飾asleep。另外,在英語中一般不講somebodyissleeping而要用asleep。關于睡覺這一詞的慣用法還有:gotosleep(如:Theoldmanusuallygoestosleepatten.),fallasleep(如:IfellasleepatEnglishclassyesterday.)?
at?
[誤]Itwillreallydoyounoharmquite.?
[正]Itwillreallydoyounoharmatall.?
[析]atall和quite的漢語意思均為"全然"、"確定的",但atall適用于否定句,例如:?-Imsorry.Imlate.?
-Notroubleatall.?
又如:Idontthinkitisrightatall.而quite則適用于肯定句,例如:Heisquiteagoodteacher.?
[誤]Thechildrenplayfootballforlunch.?
[正]Thechildrenplayfootballatlunch.?
[析]英語中的atlunch為"在吃午飯時"。這種慣用法還有atwork(在工作),attable(在吃飯),atdesk(在學習)。而forlunch則是為午飯而準備的食物,又如:Wehadsomemilkforbreakfast.?
[誤]Thereisapostofficeinthecornerofthestreet.?
[正]Thereisapostofficeatthecornerofthestreet.?
[析]atthecorner是指墻外面的角,而inthecorner是指建筑物內部的角落。例如:Thereisacomputerinthecorneroftheroom.Thereisastreetlampatthecornerofthestreet.?
atinon?
在表示時間時用來表示具體鐘點用at,如:Hewillbebackatsix.表示一天的上、下午時要用in,如:Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning.但要注意的是,inthemorning和intheafternoon這兩個詞組中如果加入了任何修飾詞,其介詞要換為on,如:onthecoldmorning,onthehotafternoon.又如:SeeyouonMondaymorning.如講到具體的某一天,要用on,如:onSunday,如:IusuallywanttovisitmymotheronSundays.在談到周、月、季、年時要用in,如:AllthechildrenwillbehappyinEasterweek.HewasborninJuly.但要注意在泛指圣誕節(jié)、復活節(jié)、感恩節(jié)時都用at,如:WhereareyougoingatEaster.?
中學生英語學習常見錯誤一覽表5
spring?
[誤]IllvisitAmericainthisspring.?
[正]IllvisitAmericainspring.?
[正]IllvisitAmericathisspring.?
[析]英語一年四季前如果有that,this,last,next等詞,則其前面不要再加介詞。這樣的用法還有周、月、年等。請看下面句子中的用法有何不同:Hetoldmethatshediditonthenextday.這時是指過去某一天的第二天,所以才有這種用法。如果以現(xiàn)在為時間基點的第二天應為Illdoitnextday.?
start?
[誤]WhattimewillyoustarttoSanFrancisco??
[正]WhattimewillyoustartforSanFrancisco??
[析]start與leave一樣,其后接"for+目的地"。?
beginstart?
begin與start在很多場合下是一樣的意思,如:Westarted/begantostudyEnglishtwoyearsago.但在如下場合則不能用begin:①作為"啟程"講,如:Ithinkweoughttostartatsix.②表示"開始工作",如:Thecarwontstart.(車子發(fā)動不起來。)③作為"開動"、"啟動"講,如:Doyouknowhowtostartthismachine.?
still?
[誤]Oh,itisstillrainingnow.?
[正]Oh,itisstillraining.?
[析]因still即包含有現(xiàn)在仍然如何,所以now是多余詞。?
stillyetalready?
still一般與動詞連用,可放于句子中間用以說明過去開始的動作現(xiàn)在仍然在繼續(xù),特別用來表示我們希望它早點停止。如:Ivebeenthinkingforhours,butIstillcantdecide.yet一般放于句末,用在疑問句與否定句中。如:Hasthepostmancomeyet?already則與動詞連用,可放于句中表示某事的發(fā)生比預期的要早,如:Ivealreadyfinishedmyhomework.?
stop?
[誤]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroomthestudentsstoppedtotalk.?
[正]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroomthestudentsstoppedtalking.?
[析]stoptodosomething是"停下來去做某事",而stopdoingsomething是"停止做某事"。?
street?
[誤]Thereisanarrowwindingstreetfromourvillagetothenextone.?
[正]Thereisanarrowwindingroadfromourvillagetothenextone.?
[析]street一般指城市中兩旁有建筑物的"街道",而road多指鄉(xiāng)間的"路"。?
strict?
[誤]Yououghttobestricttohim.?
[正]Yououghttobestrictwithhim.?
[析]bestrictwith是"對……嚴格的"。?
such?
[誤]Doyouwanttohavesuchadictionary??
[正]Doyouwanttohavesuchagooddictionary??
[正]Doyouwanttohaveadictionarylikethat??
[析]such作加強語氣時一般是"such+(冠詞)形容詞+名詞",如:Itssuchagoodbook.但如果名詞前沒有形容詞則要看其名詞是否具有"能顯示程度的含意",如:Ivegotsuchaheadache.Youaresuchfools!否則在such與名詞之間一定要有形容詞。?
sure?
[誤]Iamquitesureforthatanswer.?
[正]Iamquitesureofthatanswer.?
[析]sure用于句中表示"對……事有確實把握"時應跟of或about,而不跟for,如:Imsureabout(of)hisabilitytocontrolthismachine.?
sweet?
[誤]Honeytastessweetly.?
[正]Honeytastessweet.?
[析]sweet可以作為名詞,意為"糖果",是可數(shù)名詞,如:MayIhaveasweet?作形容詞,如:Thechildlookedverysweet.而sweetly為副詞,意為"甜美地"、"悅耳地"。要注意taste為感觀動詞,其后面要接形容詞而不是副詞。?
T?
take?
[誤]ThisyearIwanttotakethedriverslicense.?
[正]ThisyearIwanttogetthedriverslicense.?
[析]take可以作為動詞,意為"拿"、"取",如:Iwanttotakemymail.而要獲得某種證書、證明,要用get而不用take,take在學校范圍內意為"參加"或"選修"某些課程,如:ThistermIwanttotakebothFrenchandSpanish.?
[誤]Theaccidentwastakenplaceatthestreetcorner.?
[正]Theaccidenttookplaceatthestreetcorner.?
[析]takeplace與happen一樣作為"發(fā)生"講時沒有被動語態(tài)。?
[誤]Doyoutakemeasafool??
[正]Doyoutakemeforafool??
[析]take…for…意為"以為是……"、"錯當作……"、"誤認為",而這一意思還可以用于Itookyoutobethebestfriend.(我把你認作是最好的朋友。)?
[誤]MyEnglishteacherwasill.Whowilltakeplaceher??
[正]MyEnglishteacherwasill.Whowilltaketheplaceofher??
[析]taketheplaceof…意為"取代"。?
talk?
[誤]YesterdayImetanoldfriend.Wetalkedmanythings.?
[正]YesterdayImetanoldfriend.Wetakedaboutmanythings.?
[析]talk是不及物動詞。?
team?[誤]Ourteamlikesseeingfilm.?
[正]Ourteamlikeseeingfilm.?
[析]team與family,class等詞一樣,指整體時為單數(shù)名詞。如:Ourteamisexcellent,而指集體中的個體時要用作復數(shù)。?
than?
[誤]Theymadefewermistakesthistermthantheymadelastlerm.?
[正]Theymadefewermistakesthistermthantheydidlastlerm.?
[析]當一個動作在同一個句子中重復時,第二次要用do來代替,以避免重復。?
[誤]YoumakemedomorethenanybodyIknow.?
[正]YoumakemedomorethananybodyIknow.?
[誤]Igotintotherestroomthansomeoneknockedatthedoor.?
[正]Igotintotherestroomthensomeoneknockedatthedoor.?
[析]than與then不要誤用。?
then?
[誤]Wewenttothecinema,thenwenttoaChineserestaurant.?
[正]Wewenttothecinema,andthenwenttoaChineserestaurant.?
[正]Wewenttothecinema;thenwenttoaChineserestaurant.?
[析]then作"然后"講時,在then前應加分號而不用逗號,或加逗號用andthen,但是如果是倒裝句則要用逗號,如:FirstcomeTom,thenMary.?
think?
[誤]Ithinkyouarenotright.?
[正]Idontthinkyouareright.?
[析]think在肯定句中與中文的習慣用法是一致的,如:Ithinkyouareright.但在賓語從句是否定意思時,要否定think,如:Idontthinkyouareright.?
[誤]Ithinkhewillcomehere,doI??
[正]Ithinkhewillcomehere,wonthe??
[析]think加賓語從句時,反意疑問句的主語應用賓語從句中的主語,助動詞要用賓語從句中的助動詞,而肯定還是否定要看主句中的情況決定:如主句用肯定句,則反意疑問句用否定句,反之亦然。?
[誤]Peoplethinkveryhighofhiswork.?
[正]Peoplethinkveryhighlyofhiswork.?
[析]thinkhighlyof為"對某人某事評價很高"。?
[誤]WhenwetalkaboutChinesepeoplewealwaysthinktheYellowRiver.?
[正]WhenwetalkaboutChinesepeoplewealwaysthinkabouttheYellowRiver.?
[析]thinkabout意為"想起"、"想到"。?
thousand?
[誤]Hegotthousandofbooksfromasecond?hand?bookshop.?
[正]Hegotthousandsofbooksfromasecond?hand?bookshop.?
[析]雖然twothousand,threethousand在thousand后都不加?s,但thousandsof則為"數(shù)千",該結構中一定要加?s。?
through?
[誤]IhadalongdistancecallwithJohnthroughtthetelephone.?
[正]IhadalongdistancecallwithJohnonthetelephone.?
[誤]Ittookustwohourstowalkacrosstheforest.?
[正]Ittookustwohourstowalkthroughtheforest.?
[析]across是表示在一平面上進行的動作,而through則是用在三維空間的動作。如:Theriverwasfrozen,sowecouldwalkacrossit.Ipushedthroughthecrowdstotheentrance.?
throw?
[誤]Hethrewastonetome.?
[正]Hethrewastoneatme.?
[析]"扔"這個詞表示方向時要注意他向我扔石頭是atme,我向他扔石頭則為tohim,但throwat還有尋釁之意,如:Stopthrowingstonesatthecars.這時不要誤用to.?
time?
[誤]Thedoctorcameontimesoshewassaved.?
[正]Thedoctorcameintimesoshewassaved.?
[析]intime為"及時趕到",如:Doyouthinkwecangetthereintimeforthefirstact.而ontime意為"準時",如:Thetrainarrivedontime.?
[誤]Itistimewegohome.?
[正]Itistimeweshouldgohome.?
[正]Itistimewewenthome.?
[析]"是該作某事的時候了",其句形為:①Itistimeforsomebodytodosomething.②"Itistime+從句",從句中用"should+動詞原形",或直接用動詞的過去式。?
[誤]Letshurry.Wehaventmanytimes.?
[正]Letshurry.Wehaventmuchtime.?
[誤]IhavebeentoAmericatwotimes.?
[正]IhavebeentoAmericatwice.?
[析]time作為"時間"講時為不可數(shù)名詞,而作為"次"講時則是可數(shù)名詞。但"一次"不是onetime,而是once;"二次"不是twotimes,而是twice;"三次"則是threetimes.?
too?
[誤]Thisboxistooheavytoliftit.?
[正]Thisboxistooheavytolift.?
[析]在too…to這一結構中,如果主語和不定式的賓語是一致的,則不要重復。?
[誤]Thechildistooyoungnottogotoschool.?
[正]Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.?
[析]too…to這一結構用來表示"太……以致于不能……",但下面的句子則不能照此翻譯:Imtoogladtomeetyou.應譯為"我見到你真太高興了"。?
[誤]Thereismuchtoonoise.?
[正]Thereistoomuchnoise.?
[析]"muchtoo+形容詞",而"toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞"。?
[誤]Youhaveboughttoomuchtomatoes.?
[正]Youhaveboughttoomanytomatoes.?
[析]toomany后才加可數(shù)名詞。?
alsoaswelltoo?
這三個詞是近義詞,但其用法各有不同。其一,too和aswell通常用于句末,如:Shewenttothecinemaandherbrotherwenttoo.而also則不用于句末,如:Ivealsoreadherothernovels.其二,這三個詞都不用于否定句中,否定句中用not…either,或neither/nor…,如:He?isnt?hereeither.?
trousers?
[誤]Mytrouserisgettingsmallerandsmaller.?
[正]Mytrousersaregettingsmallerandsmaller.?
[析]英語中trousers,pants,shorts(短褲),glasses(眼鏡)都要用復數(shù)形式。?
[誤]Thispairofglassesareverygood.?
[正]Thispairofglassesisverygood.?
[析]有了量詞apairof,其后的謂語動詞要與量詞相一致。如:twopairsof…的謂語動詞就要用復數(shù)。?
try?
[誤]Itriedtosendherflowersbutitdidnthaveanyeffect.?
[正]Itriedsendingherflowersbutitdidnthaveanyeffect.(我試著給她送花,但沒有什么結果。)?
[誤]Pleasetryunderstandingit.?
[正]Pleasetrytounderstandit.?
[析]"try+動名詞"的意思是"試一試",或"做某事看看會發(fā)生什么情況",而"try+不定式"表示為達到目的要去做的事。?
U
?
under?
[誤]Thelakeistwometersundersealevel.?
[正]Thelakeistwometersbelowsealevel.?
[析]under的意思是在某物的下面,而below=lowerthan,即"低于"。?
[誤]Underthehelpofourteacher,allofuspassedtheexam.?
[正]Withthehelpofourteacher,allofuspassedtheexam.?
understand?
[誤]Ithinkitisdiffculttomakemyselftounderstand.?
[正]Ithinkitisdiffculttomakemyselfunderstood.?
[析]這句話的意思是"我想讓別人理解我太難了"。?
[誤]Iamunderstandingthelessonnow.?
[正]Iunderstandthelessonnow.?
[析]understand一詞沒有進行時態(tài)。類似的詞還有belong,find,hear,love,like等。?
until?
[誤]Wewalkeduntiltheedgeoftheforest.?
[正]Wewalkedasfarastheedgeoftheforest.?
[誤]Ourschoolbuscanholduntiltwentychildren.?
[正]Ourschoolbuscanholduptotwentychildren.?
[析]until與till兩詞的意思一樣,但兩個詞都只能用于時間,如:IllwaituntilIhearfromyou.?
[誤]Iwaitedformymothertosevenoclock,butshedidntcome.?
[正]Iwaitedformymotheruntilsevenoclock,butshedidntcome.
[誤]CanyoureturnthisbookuntilMonday??
[正]CanyoureturnthisbookbyMonday??
[析]當我們談目前正在進行而將來某一時刻才停止的事件時用until,而用by來表達將來某一時刻會發(fā)生的動作。?
[誤]Wearrivedhomeuntilitbecamedark.?
[正]Wedidntarrivedhomeuntilitbecamedark.?
[析]until用于肯定句時表示"某動作直到……為止",如:Theyworkeduntil5∶00P.M.用于否定句中時意為"直到……才"。所以用于肯定句中要使用延續(xù)性動詞,但截止性動詞卻可以用在否定句中。?
upstairs?
[誤]Hewenttoupstairs.?
[正]Hewentupstairs.?
[析]upstairs一詞可用作副詞,如:Weallhurriedupstairstoseewhathappened.也可用作名詞,如;Theupstairsofthehouseneedspainting.同時也可以用作形容詞,如:Ahousewiththreeupstairsroomsisquitegood.?
use?
[誤]Itisnousetoaskher.?
[正]Itisnouseaskingher.?
[析]Itisnouse…與Thereisnouse…后通常用動名詞,而不用不定式。?
[誤]Illgetusedtotreatthestudentsthisway.?
[正]Illgetusedtotreatingthestudentsthisway.?
[析]beusedto與getusedto后要接動名詞表示"習慣于"做某事。?
[誤]Iusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.?
[正]Iusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.?
[析]usedto表示過去習慣的動作,其后要加動詞原形。?
[誤]Oilwasusedtocooking.?
[正]Oilwasusedtocook.?
[析]這里的句型雖然也是beusedto但這里不是主動態(tài),而是被動態(tài),所以不能接動名詞而應接不定式。?
[誤]WeusedtogototheGreatWallthreetimes.?
[正]WewenttotheGreatWallthreetimes.?
[析]usedto只能用來表示一種習慣,而不能用來表達某事發(fā)生的次數(shù)。?
V
?
very?
[誤]Thankyouindeed.?
[正]Thankyouverymuchindeed.?
[析]indeed用來修飾verymuch,但要放其后面,而且也不要單獨使用。?
[誤]Thebabywasveryasleep.?
[正]Thebabywasfastasleep.?
[析]不是所有的形容詞都可以用very來修飾,如:Imwideawake.(我全醒了。)再如:allalone(十分孤獨),muchafraid等。?
[誤]Thethingseemstobeveryimproved.?
[正]Thethingseemstobemuchimproved.?
[析]有些語法書講very修飾現(xiàn)在分詞,而much修飾過去分詞,這要分別對待。如果過去分詞是指一個具體的動作,而且是句中主要動詞的一部分就必須用much,而某些形容詞化的過去分詞,還是要用very來修飾的,如:Iamverytired.?
[誤]Thereisverylesswaterintheriverthanusual.?
[正]Thereismuch/farlesswaterintheriverthanusual.?
[析]very不能修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級,而要用far,much等來修飾。?
W?
wait?
[誤]TomorrowIwillwaityouatthebusstop.?
[正]TomorrowIwillwaitforyouatthebusstop.?
[析]wait是不及物動詞,"等人"要用waitforsomebody;而waitup為"不睡覺等候某事",如:Illwaituptonight.?
walk?
[誤]Ithinkshewentawalkyesterday.?
[正]Ithinkshewentoutforawalkyesterday.?
[析]散步在英文中要講haveawalk,takeawalk.如果用go要用goforawalk.?
want?
[誤]Theflowerswanttowater.?
[正]Theflowerswantwatering.?
[析]want在這里作為"需要"講,其后加動名詞。這句話的意思是"這花需要澆水。"?
[誤]Doyouwantsomeonegoalongwithyou??
[正]Doyouwantsomeonetogoalongwithyou??
[析]wantsomebodytodosomething為一固定用法。?
wash?
[誤]Areyougoingtomakwashingthisweekend??
[正]Areyougoingtodowashingthisweekend??
[析]dowashing為"洗衣服",是固定搭配。?
watch?
[誤]Yourwatchiswhattime??
[正]Whattimeisitbyyourwatch??
[析]一定要記住英文的習慣用法。?
[誤]Themotherwanttowatchthechildrentoplayonthegrass.?
[正]Themotherwanttowatchthechildrenplay(playing)onthegrass.?
[析]watch的用法同see,hear等詞。?
way?
[誤]Pleasemovethechair,itisontheway.?
[正]Pleasemovethechair,itisintheway.?
[析]intheway為"擋道",而ontheway為"在路上",如:onmywayhome(在回家路上),onhiswaytothestation(在他去火車站的路上)。而bytheway是"順便說",如:Bytheway,haveyouheardfromJoanrecently??
[誤]Thestudentswereontheirwaytohome.?
[正]Thestudentswereontheirwayhome.?
[析]home在這里為副詞。?
wear?
[誤]Thelittlegirlisoldenoughtowearherself.?
[正]Thelittlegirlisoldenoughtodressherself.?
[析]wear后接衣物而不接反身代詞。?
what?
[誤]Iwanttoknowwhattodoit??
[正]Iwanttoknowwhattodo??[誤]Iwanttoknowhowtodo??
[正]Iwanttoknowhowtodoit??
[析]what是疑問代詞,而how是疑問副詞。要注意它們用法的不同。?
when?
[誤]Idcookyounicemealwhenyoudcomehomeintheevening.?
[正]Idcookyounicemealwhenyoucamehomeintheevening.?
[析]在when引導的狀語從句中,要用一般時表示將來,即主句中是將來時,從句中應用一般現(xiàn)在時,如主句中是過去將來時,從句中應用一般過去時。如:Illbebackwhenyoucomebackfromschool.?
[誤]Wheninthesecondgrade,hismotherboughthimabike.?
[正]WhenTomwasinthesecondgrade,hismotherboughthimabike.?
[析]復合句中只有當主句的主語與從句的主語一致的情況下,才有可能省略,如:Whenyounghehadtoworkallday.?
[誤]Wellgototheparkwhenitdoesntraintomorrow.?
[正]Wellgototheparkifitdoesntraintomorrow.?
[析]if用來表示不能肯定的事如果發(fā)生會如何;而when用來表示肯定會發(fā)生或很可能會發(fā)生的事情,如:IllseeyouinSeptemberwhenIcomeback.?[誤]Idontknowwhenhecomeshometomorrow.?
[正]Idontknowwhenhewillcomehometomorrow.?
[析]when所引出的賓語從句如果是表示將來的動作要用將來時,而不是像時間狀語從句中用一般時表示將來。
where?
[誤]Idontknowwheretogoto.?
[正]Idontknowwheretogo.?
[析]where是疑問副詞。?
whether?
[誤]Itisunknownifhewillcome.?
[正]Itisunknownwhetherhewillcome.?
[析]if不能引導主語從句。上句中it是形式主語,其后的從句才是真正的主語從句。要注意以下各種情況不宜用if而要用whether:?
①Ididntknowwhetheryoullgoornot.(因句中有ornot選項。)?
②Hedidntknowwhethertovisittheoldman.(因用于不定式前。)?
③Iminterestedinwhetherhellgo.(因作介詞的賓語從句。)?
④Iwanttoknowthenewswhetherourteamwillwin.(同位語從句。)?
⑤Letmeknowwhetheryoucancome.(此句如用if則含意有所不同,其意就變?yōu)?如果你能來請通知我"。而用whether則意為"讓我知道你是否能來"。)?
who?
[誤]Whomdoyouthinkwouldliketocomeforagameoffootball??
[正]Whodoyouthinkwouldliketocomeforagameoffootball??
[析]在這個句式中"doyouthink"應看作插入語,所以原句應為Whowouldliketocomeforagameoffootball??
[誤]Fromwhowasthegift??
[正]Fromwhomwasthegift??
[正]Whowasthatgiftfrom??
[析]在句首時現(xiàn)代英語常用who取代whom,而在緊跟介詞時則不能用who來取代whom.?
why?
[誤]Whynottogotothepark??
[正]Whynotgotothepark??
[析]whynot后面接不帶to的不定式,也可以用whydontyougowithher??
win?
[誤]Wehavewonyourclass.?
[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.?
[析]win是及物動詞,其后的賓語應是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品、獎金,如:Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?而beat是指"打敗"對手、敵人,如:Mybrotherbeatmeatpoker.(請注意,beat是不規(guī)則動詞,其過去式與原形相同,而過去分詞為beaten.)?
wish?
[誤]Ihopeyoutobeagoodstudent.?
[正]Iwishyoutobeagoodstudent.?
[析]hope不能加賓語再加賓語補足語,而wish則可以,如:Iwishyouluck.(我祝你走運。)?
without?
[誤]Icantdothisworkwellwithoutyouhelpme.?
[正]Icantdothisworkwellwithoutyourhelp.?
[析]without其后接動名詞或名詞而不接從句。?
work?
[誤]Thisgirlislookingforaworkatthebank.?
[正]Thisgirlislookingforajobatthebank.?
[析]"找工作"一般應為tofindajob,而works作為"工作"講為不可數(shù)名詞,不能加不定冠詞,也不可用復數(shù)。當work作為"作品"、"著作"講時,為可數(shù)名詞,如:Thispaintingisoneofhisgreatworks.而works作為"工廠"講時單復數(shù)形式相同,如:anironworks或twoironworks.作主語時其謂語動詞可用單數(shù),如:Thesteelworksisclosedfortheholidays.?
write?
[誤]Youmaywritewithink.?
[正]Youmaywriteinink.?
[正]Youmaywritewithapen.?
[析]"用……寫"這一表達法要看用的是什么:如果用鋼筆則應用with,如:Pleasefillinthisformwithapen.但講用墨水時則要用in.?
Y?
yesterday?
[誤]Icameacrossmyoldfriendyesterdaynight.?
[正]Icameacrossmyoldfriendlastnight.?
[析]"昨晚"應譯為lastnight.