小學(xué)英語語法優(yōu)秀教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-04-30中考英語語法考點(diǎn)知識復(fù)習(xí):指示代詞。
老師會對課本中的主要教學(xué)內(nèi)容整理到教案課件中,大家在認(rèn)真寫教案課件了。只有制定教案課件工作計(jì)劃,可以更好完成工作任務(wù)!你們了解多少教案課件范文呢?下面是由小編為大家整理的“中考英語語法考點(diǎn)知識復(fù)習(xí):指示代詞”,供您參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。
2012年中考英語考點(diǎn)19指示代詞
表示“這個(gè)”,“那個(gè)”,“這些”,“那些”等意思的代詞叫做指示代詞。指示代詞分單數(shù)(this/that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these/those)兩種形式
1、指示代詞用法:
(1)作主語:
Thisisthewaytodoit.這事兒就該這樣做。
ThisiswhatIwanttoemphasize.這就是我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。
Thisisachair.這是一把椅子。
ThatisLindasbook.這是琳達(dá)的書。
Whosepensarethose?那些是誰的鋼筆。
(2)作賓語:
Weshouldalwayskeepthisinmind.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)常記住這一點(diǎn)。
Ilikethisbetterthanthat.我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
Haveyoureadthis?你讀過這個(gè)嗎?
Ilikethesebutshelikesthose.我喜歡這些,而她喜歡那些。
(3)作表語:
Mypointisthis.我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
Herplanisthis.她的計(jì)劃是這樣的。
Hisworriesarethose.他的煩惱就是那些。
(4)作定語:
Youcantswimatthistimeoftheyear.你不能在這個(gè)時(shí)候游泳。
Idontlikethatman.我不喜歡那個(gè)人。
Wemustgettoknowthesetricksoftheirs.我們必須懂得他們這一套鬼花招。
2、指示代詞的用法區(qū)別
(1)this和these一般指在空間和時(shí)間上較近的事物,that和those一般指在空間和時(shí)間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。
例:ThisisamapofChinaandthatisamapoftheworld.
這是一張中國地圖,那是一張世界地圖。
Pleasecomethisway.Wellgoinbythatdoor.請這邊走,我們從那扇門進(jìn)去。
Inthoseyeartheyledahardlife.在那些歲月里,他們生活得很艱難
2)this和these常指后面將要講到的事物,有啟下的作用,that和those常指前面已經(jīng)講到過的事物,起承上的作用。
例:Ishallsaythistoyou:heisanhonestman.我將對你說這一點(diǎn):他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。
Hefeltill.Thatiswhyhedidntcome.他病了,那就是他沒來的原因。
Hebroketheglass,andthatcosthimfivedollars.他打破了玻璃,那花費(fèi)了他5美元。
(3)that和those有時(shí)可用來代替前面提到過的東西,以避免重復(fù)這個(gè)名詞:
Thesemachinesarebetterthanthoseweturnedoutlastyear.這些機(jī)器比我們?nèi)ツ晟a(chǎn)的好。
Theoiloutputin1988wasmuchhigherthanthatof1986.1988年的石油產(chǎn)量比1986年高很多。
ThehistoryofChinaisasinterestingasthatofRussia.中國的歷史同俄國的歷史一樣有趣。
(4)在電話中,this表示打電話者,that表示接電話的對方。
例:A:Hello!ThisisBob(speaking).喂,我是鮑勃。
B:Whosthatplease?請問是哪位?(美語用Whosit?或Whosthis?)
3、such也是一個(gè)指示代詞,在句子中可用作:
(1)定語:
Wehavehadsuchabusyday.我們今天忙得真夠嗆。
Idon’tlikesuchweather.我不喜歡這樣的天氣。Jab88.coM
(2)主語:
Suchwasmyimmediateimpression.這就是我當(dāng)時(shí)的印象。
Sucharetheresults.結(jié)果就是如此。
(3)表語:
Hisillnesswasnotsuchastocauseanxiety.他的病還不至于使人焦慮不安。
4、same也可以看作指示代詞,在句中能作定語、主語、表語或賓語:
Shesaidthesamethingalloveragain.她把同樣的話又說了一遍。
Thesamemaybesaidofhisbrother.他弟弟也有這種情形。
Ourviewsarethesame.我們的看法是相同的。
“HappyNewyear!”“Thesametoyou!”“新年好!”“新年好!”
相關(guān)閱讀
2013年中考英語語法代詞考點(diǎn)知識復(fù)習(xí)
一般給學(xué)生們上課之前,老師就早早地準(zhǔn)備好了教案課件,大家在認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備自己的教案課件了吧。只有制定教案課件工作計(jì)劃,可以更好完成工作任務(wù)!你們了解多少教案課件范文呢?為滿足您的需求,小編特地編輯了“2013年中考英語語法代詞考點(diǎn)知識復(fù)習(xí)”,供大家參考,希望能幫助到有需要的朋友。
代詞(一)知識概要
英語中代詞可以分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。?人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請看下表
人稱我你他她它我們你們他們
主格iyouhesheitweyouthey
賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem
物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。請看下表?
人稱我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的
形容詞性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey
名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
反身代詞可見下表
人稱我你他她它我們你們他們
反身代詞myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves
指示代詞主要有this,that,these,those
疑問代詞有:who,whomwhose,what,which,
還有疑問副詞when,how,where,why。
不定代詞在初中課本中主要有some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…
(二)正誤辨析
[誤]Tomsmotheristallerthanmy.
[正]Tomsmotheristallerthanmine.
[析]形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語,也就是講它可以作形容詞,如:mybook,而這句話的意思是:湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對象是mymother,也就是mine。
[誤]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.
[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.
[析]在應(yīng)用代詞時(shí),要注意人稱,格與數(shù)的一致性。這里it所代替的是不可數(shù)名詞homework,所以應(yīng)用it。
[誤]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[析]這主要是英語習(xí)慣上的用法。當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)其排列順序一般為you,he,she,I,而復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)為we,you,they:如男女并列時(shí),應(yīng)先男后女,如:Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí),單數(shù)時(shí)用,I,he,she,you,復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用They,you,we,如:TomandIaregoodfriends.
You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.
We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.
I,heandyouhavetopayforit.
[誤]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.
[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.
[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),如果兩主語是單數(shù)時(shí),用單數(shù)代詞,如兩主語是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)代詞,如:Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一單一復(fù)兩名詞時(shí),一般將單數(shù)名詞放在前,復(fù)數(shù)名詞放在后,要用復(fù)數(shù)代詞,如:Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.
[誤]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.
[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.
[析]than是連詞,其后應(yīng)視為省略句,thanheis.所以要注意區(qū)分其主格與賓格的用法。
Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.
[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.
[析]as…as其后也應(yīng)看作是省略句。應(yīng)為asIlikeher.所以應(yīng)用賓格。而第一句應(yīng)譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對的但含義不同。
[誤]Myselfdidityesterday.
[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.
[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.
[析]反身代詞不可作主語,但可以用作主語的同位語。?
[誤]Takecareofourselves.
[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)
[析]祈始句的主語應(yīng)看作第二人稱you.
[誤]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.
[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.
[析]反身代詞不能作介詞賓語,除非是由不及物動詞與介詞組成的動詞短語,如:Theoldwomanspoketoherself.
[誤]Makeyourselfhome.
[正]Makeyourselfathome.
[析]這是英語中的習(xí)慣用法,意為“像在家里一樣”。這樣的用法還有:?
enjoyoneself玩得開心makeyourselfathome像在家中一樣
helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路
seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣
[誤]— Whosthisspeaking.— ThatsMary.
[正]— Whosthatspeaking.— ThisisMary.
[析]在電話用語中,this指講話人自己,而that指對方。
[誤]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.
[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.
[析]在比較句中往往為了避免重復(fù),可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是單數(shù)時(shí)用that,復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用those,如:TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.
[誤]Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.
[析]在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)可用so+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞+that從句,也可用such+不定冠詞+形容詞+that從句。在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只用such,如:ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little這4個(gè)詞前僅能用so,如:Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so與that之間僅存形容詞時(shí),則不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.
[誤]Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.
[正]Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.
[析]same與定冠詞the是固定搭配不可更改。這樣的用法還有allthesame(仍然)。
[誤]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Idonthopeso.
[正]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Ihopenot.
[析]在作肯定回答時(shí),Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答時(shí)為:Idontthinkso.Ihope/believenot.
[誤]— Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.
[正]—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.
[誤]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.
[正]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.
[析]在對話中如果某一動作同時(shí)適用于兩個(gè)主語,這時(shí)在答語中要用縮寫且要用倒裝句。如第一組句,即studiedhard既適用于he,也適用于she.但答語僅僅是對前句的重復(fù),即僅僅是第一句的縮寫時(shí)則不要用倒裝句。如第二組句子為:英語難學(xué)。答語為:是的,難學(xué)。這時(shí)縮寫的答語不要用倒裝句。
[誤]Everyoneshoulddoonesbest.
[正]Everyoneshoulddohisbest.
[析]one作代詞時(shí),它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones,所有格形式是ones,反身代詞為oneself.如果講Oneshoulddoonesbest.則是對句。如果one與別的詞組成其他詞,如:someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone則要用his/her,來作其所有格形式。
[誤]—Whowonthegame?—None.
[正]—Whowonthegame?—Noone.
[析]由who提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略說法是noone,而由Howmany提問的句子的否定回答中的簡略語是None.如:Howmanybooksarethere?None.
[誤]Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.
[析]either作代詞時(shí)由兩個(gè)含意,其一是兩者中隨便哪一個(gè),如:Youcantakeeither.其二是兩者中的每一個(gè)。但要注意的是either后要加單數(shù)名詞,如果作主語則謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。
[誤]EitheryouorIareright.
[正]EitheryouorIamright.
[析]在either…or,或neither…nor連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),其謂語動詞要與和其相近的那個(gè)主語相配。
[誤]Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.
[正]Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.
[析]neither用于兩者中無一是,而none則用于多于兩者中的人或事物無一是。
[誤]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera.Idontliketoo.
[正]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera,Idontlikeeither.
[析]either作為“也”講時(shí),要用于否定句中,而too則用于肯定句中。
[誤]Welikeboththislittleboy.
[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.
[析]both作同位語時(shí),它在句中的位置有:在be動詞之后,如:Wearebothstudents.在實(shí)意動詞之前,如:Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助動詞之后,如:WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用時(shí)要注意以下句子的實(shí)際含意:Bothofusarenotright.應(yīng)譯為:我們倆不都對。Neitherofusisright.才應(yīng)譯為:我倆都不對。又如:Icantgiveyoubothofthebooks.意為:兩本書我不能全給你,而Icantgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才為:兩本書我全不能給你。
[誤]Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.
[正]Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.
[析]each作句子主語時(shí)其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式,如:EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell,但each作同位語時(shí),則應(yīng)以原名詞的數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。
[誤]Everyofushastopasstheexam.
[正]Eachofushastopasstheexam.
[析]every只可作形容詞,不可作代詞,而each既可作形容詞,又可作代詞,在作形容詞時(shí)each側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,而every則側(cè)重于全體。
[誤]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[正]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[析]everyone不可與of結(jié)構(gòu)相連接使用,而everyone則可以這樣用。
[誤]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[正]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[析]要注意的是everyday是“每天”,而everyday則是形容詞為“日常的”。如:everydayEnglish日常英語,everydaylife日常生活。
[誤]Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.
[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一個(gè),而each用于二者或二者以上的每一個(gè)。因?yàn)榻值乐挥袃蓚?cè),所以只能用each而不能用every.
[誤]Allmyparentsareengineers.
[正]Bothmyparentsareengineers.
[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both則用于兩者的全部。
[誤]Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[析]非特指的名詞前可用all但不可用allof結(jié)構(gòu),也就是講allof結(jié)構(gòu)后面的名詞前一定要有定冠詞。其他與all有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用法還有:
alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter
[誤]Theallvillagewasflooded.
[正]Allthevillagewasflooded.
[析]all作修飾語時(shí)要用在所有修飾詞之前。
[誤]Thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.
[正]Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.
[析]單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞如在泛指某一個(gè)時(shí)用another,而特指時(shí)則要用theother,因街道只有兩邊,而不在這邊必定是在另一邊,所以要用特指。請參考下表的用法以便于記憶。
單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
泛指another形容詞作定語作名詞
another代詞otherothers
特指theother形容詞
theother代詞
theothertheothers
[誤]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstudents?
[正]Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?
[正]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?
[析]theothers=theotherstudents.
[誤]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,anotherisadoctor.
[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.
[析]another用于泛指,如:Isitfarfromheretothestation?Imsorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指時(shí)則要用theother.它可以用作定語,theotherone,也可以用作代詞theother,但theother用作代詞時(shí)它的含意一定是單數(shù)。如果指三者或者三者以上的情況時(shí),則要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…
[誤]Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.
[正]Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.
[析]在泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前用some…others…others…來表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。
[誤]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.
[正]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.
[析]everyotherday為每隔一天。是習(xí)慣用法,不要隨意改動。又如:ontheotherhand另一方面。
[誤]Manyknowhim,butfewlikeshim.
[正]Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.
[析]few用于可數(shù)名詞,意為幾乎沒有,但few作主語時(shí)謂語動詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而afew為有一些。
[誤]Youhavefewfriends,haventyou?
[正]Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?
[析]little與few用于句中時(shí),均要按否定句看待。
[誤]Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.
[正]Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.
[析]much用于不可數(shù)名詞,作主語時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語動詞。而many用于可數(shù)名詞,它作主語時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。
[誤]Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.
[正]Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.
[析]enough可以用作代詞,如:Thereisenoughofthefood.又如:Enoughhasbeendoneforthework,但enough還可以作形容詞來修飾名詞,這時(shí)enough可以放在名詞之前,也可放在名詞之后,如:moneyenough與enoughmoney都是對的。但當(dāng)enough作副詞修飾形容詞時(shí),則只能置于形容詞之后了。
[誤]Iwantanybookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[正]Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[析]按照語法any用于疑問句和否定句,而some用于肯定句。
[誤]Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?
[正]Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
[析]在由wouldyoulike發(fā)出的問句中,表達(dá)了說話者真心實(shí)意要為對方提供些飲料,或在說話者想得到對方的肯定答復(fù)時(shí),在疑問句中要用some而不用any。
[誤]Someonewanttomeetyou.
[正]Someonewantstomeetyou.
[析]不定代詞應(yīng)被看作單數(shù),即使用and連接兩個(gè)不定代詞,也要看作單數(shù),如:?Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人,每一個(gè)人都有這樣的權(quán)力。
[誤]NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.
[正]ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.
[析]it常常用在英文的句子中來代表時(shí)間、距離、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象,或用在句中作形式主語或賓語,如:
Itistenoclocknow.(代時(shí)間)
Itisfarfromheretotheairport.(代距離)
Itisveryhot.(代天氣)
ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(作形式主語)
Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.(作形式賓語)
[誤]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomany.
[正]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomuch.
[析]這里much所代的應(yīng)是飲料或水,所以應(yīng)為不可數(shù)名詞。
(三)例題解析
1Theseare___books.Yoursareoverthere.
AIBmyCmeDmine?
[答案]B.
[析]這里應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。?
2—___isshe?
—Sheisateacher.
AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]這里的四個(gè)疑問詞放在問句中全都成立,但其意義不同。Whatisshe?應(yīng)譯為“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而Howisshe?應(yīng)譯為“她身體如何?”而Whoisshe?應(yīng)譯為“她是誰?”其答語應(yīng)為“她叫什么名字?!倍鳺hereisshe?應(yīng)為“她在什么地方?”由答語決定了這道題的選擇。
3___iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped___.
ASomething,workingBSomething,towork
CAnything,workingDAnything,towork?
[答案]A.
[析]因?yàn)槭强隙ň渌詰?yīng)用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,則stop后要用動名詞。
4Mary,help___tothebananas,please.
AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves?
[答案]C.
[析]helponeselftosomething為“自己拿某物”。yourself為“你一個(gè)人”,而yourselves為“你們”。
5—___doyougotoschooleveryday?
—Bybus.
AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]這題的答案是由問句決定的。?
6Myskirtis___popularthan___.
Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers?
[答案]D.
[析]因句中有than,所以應(yīng)選用比較級,而than后要選用名詞性物主代詞。
7—CanyouspeakEnglish?
—Yes,butonly___.
AfewBafewClittleDalittle
[答案]D.
[析]因會講某種語言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可數(shù)名詞對待,此答語為:是的,但僅僅會講一點(diǎn)。
8Mr. Smithisanoldfriendof___.
AIBmeCmyDmine?
[答案]D.
[析]這里應(yīng)選名詞性物主代詞,這也是英語的一種習(xí)慣用法,而不要選擇my。
9“___doyouhearfromyourparents?”
“Aboutonceamonth.”
AHowlongBHowmany
CHowoftenDHowmuch?
[答案]C.
[析]Howoften問的是某一動作發(fā)生的頻率,即在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生多少次。
10MrGreenwouldntsay___atthemeeting.
AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething?
[答案]C.
[析]在否定句中應(yīng)用anything
11“Mum,Annscomingtonight.Letsgiveher___toeat.”
“Goodidea!”
AanythingniceBniceanything
CsomethingniceDnicesomething?
[答案]C.
[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應(yīng)放其后而不要放在其前面。
12—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?
—Idontmind.___timeisOK.
ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth?
[答案]C.
[析]因如選用both則名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞,也要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞,由于答語前有Idontmind則決定不能選擇neither.
13Thisisnotherkite, but___.
AhesBhimCheDhis?
[答案]D.
[析]要注意“他的”名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。?
14Dontworry,Mum!___newsisgoodnews.Imsuredaddywillcomebacksoon.
ANoBManyCThoseDTwo
?[答案]A.
[析]這是一條諺語,即沒有消息就是好消息。?
15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas___applesthanhe.
AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer?
[答案]C.
[析]由于是比較級,根據(jù)題意應(yīng)選“多于”而不是“少于”。?
16Thereisnt___intodaysnewspaper.
Aanythinginteresting
Bsomethinginteresting
Cnothinginteresting
Dinterestinganything
[答案]A.
[析]由于句子是否定句,應(yīng)選擇anything,而且不定代詞的修飾語應(yīng)放在其后面。
17September10this___Day?
ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers
[答案]D.
[析]教師節(jié)TeachersDay,兒童節(jié)ChildrensDay,婦女節(jié)WomensDay
18—InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?
—___
ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.?
[答案]C.
[析]在答語中用簡略方式表達(dá)上文的一個(gè)動作同樣適用于另一個(gè)主語時(shí),則要采用倒裝句,但如果僅僅是對上句的重復(fù)則不要倒裝。?
19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?
—Sorry.Iwont.Ihave___todothere.
AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing?
[答案]D.
[析]這個(gè)答案的選擇應(yīng)由上下兩句對話內(nèi)容作出決定。?
20—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?
—___Sam___Bruce.Itwasthecat.
ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor意為既不……也不……
21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.___areclimbingthehill.
AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother
?
[答案]A.
[析]這里因?yàn)槭谴鎻?fù)數(shù)名詞,所以應(yīng)用名詞性的復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。?
22Sheisnotanurse.Imnot___.
AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo?
[答案]B.
[析]在否定句中該用either,而不用too和also.
23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,___isblue.
AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers?
[答案]A.
[析]兩者中的另一個(gè)應(yīng)為特指。而且應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數(shù)代名詞。others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞,而theothers是特指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。
24Sorry,Icantansweryourquestion.
Iknow___aboutthesubject.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]A.
[析]中文講我對此知道的不多,而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。
25Mysisterdoesntlikeskating___.
ASodoIBSoIdont
CNeitherIdontDNeitherdoI?
[答案]D.
[析]這是表達(dá)上面否定句中的動作,也同樣不適合
于第二個(gè)人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒裝句。
26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,___.
Ayou,heandIBI,youandhe
Che,IandyouDyou,Iandhe?
[答案]A.
[析]這是若干人稱代詞并列時(shí)的順序問題。請參看辨析中的例子。?
27Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgototheconcert.
AmanyBlittleCafewDfew?
[答案]D.
[析]student為可數(shù)名詞。
28Theteachergave___studentanewbook.
AnobodyBbothCeachDany?
[答案]C.
[析]both其后的名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù),而any用于疑問句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
29Blackisneitherateacher___aworker.
AorBeitherCnorDand?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor為“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。
30Ourteachergaveus___onstudying.
AmanyadvicesBsomeadvices
CanadviceDsomeadvice?
[答案]D.
[析]advice為不可數(shù)名詞。some可用于可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞之前。
31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One___isfromJapan,isfromAmerica.
AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers?
[答案]C.
[析]因?yàn)槭莾烧咧械囊粋€(gè),所以另一個(gè)應(yīng)用單數(shù)特指代詞。?
32Arethere___onthetable?
AsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups?
[答案]D.
[析]此句是疑問句,應(yīng)用anycups,因提問時(shí)的be動詞用的是are。
33Ivejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,___areAmericanstamps.
AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers?
[答案]B.
[析]此空應(yīng)填入主語。又因其范圍已定,所以應(yīng)選特指的代名詞。theother只能用作單數(shù),而others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞,故只能選B。
34Itwas___finedaythattheywenttothepark.
AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch?
[答案]C.
[析]在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前可以有兩種表達(dá)法,即such+不定冠詞+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,如:suchagoodday,或者用so加形容詞+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),如:sogoodaday.
35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So___peoplelikedtakingtrains.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]C.
[析]這是英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同之處。中文講只有少數(shù)人喜歡坐火車,英文要選用“few”。
36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach___.
AotherBanotherCothersDtheother?
[答案]A.
[析]eachother意為“互相”,是習(xí)慣用語。
37___isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.
AManBOneCThatDIt?
[答案]D.
[析]這里的真正主語應(yīng)為不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主語只能用it.
38Janehassentseveralletters,but___ofthemhavebeenanswered.
AallBbothCeitherDnone?
[答案]D.
[析]severalletters意為“若干信件”,應(yīng)看作多于兩者,則在A、D中作選擇,僅D符合句意。
39Idontknow___aboutthenewheadmaster.
AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything?
[答案]D.
[析]否定句中應(yīng)用anything.
40___ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.
ANoBNoneCNotDNeither?
[答案]B.
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冠詞(一)知識概要
冠詞在英語中只有3個(gè)詞,分為兩類:不定冠詞a與an,定冠詞the。a用在以輔音開始的單數(shù)名詞前,an用于以元音開始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來表示一類事物中泛指的某一事物,而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物,可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。
(二)正誤辨析
[誤]Thisbuildingisanuniversity.
[正]Thisbuildingisauniversity.
[析]a用于以輔音音素開始的單詞前,而an用于以元音音素開始的單詞前,而不是元音字母開頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是[j],所以用a而不要用an。又如:Thereisa“n”intheword.是錯(cuò)句,應(yīng)為:Thereisan“n”intheword.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音,所以應(yīng)該用anhour。例如:
Ineedanhourtofinishthework.
Itisausefuldictionary.
ItisaEuropeancountry.
Iboughtausedcar.
[誤]Ineedaumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.
[正]Ineedanumbrellabecauseitlookslikeraining.
[析]因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音,所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有:anoldman,anEnglishteacher,anelephant,anidea,anhourago,anhonestboy…。
[誤]“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry,Iminhurry.”
[正]“Canyouhelpme”“Sorry.Iminahurry.”
[析]不定冠詞的主要用法如下:?
1.用來表示一類人或事物,如:Sheisateacher.
2.指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè),如:Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.[來源
3.泛指某一人或事物,如:Amaniswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.
4.相當(dāng)于“one”的概念,如:Ijustboughtanewdictionary.
5.其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中:
如:haveawalk/arest/alook
又如:inahurry匆匆忙忙
makeaface作鬼臉
dosomebodyafavour幫某人忙
anumberof=many
又如:haveagoodtime(玩得好)
haveacold(感冒)
haveaheadache(頭痛)
haveabreak=havearest
[誤]Iboughtthedictionaryyesterday.Adictionaryisverygood.
[正]Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisverygood.
[析]在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞,而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。?
[誤]Pleaseturnofflightsbeforeyouleave.
[正]Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeyouleave.
[析]雖然是第一次提到某物但說話雙方均知其所指,也應(yīng)用定冠詞。?
[誤]Therearenineplanetsaroundasun.
[正]Therearenineplanetsaroundthesun.
[析]世上獨(dú)一無二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞,如:theearth,themoon,thesun,thesky,thesea.
[誤]Iliveonasecondfloorofthisbuilding.
[正]Iliveonthesecondfloorofthisbuilding.
[析]在序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級前要用定冠詞。如:Heistheoldestinthefamily.
[誤]Iwanttolearnthesecondlanguagethisterm.
[正]Iwanttolearnasecondlanguagethisterm.
[析]在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二,而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè),再來一個(gè)時(shí),應(yīng)用a,本句的意思應(yīng)為:這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門第二外語。
[誤]Mississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.
[正]TheMississippiisoneofthelongestriversintheworld.
[析]在河流名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞,如:theYellowRiver(黃河)。
[誤]Look,thereareAlp.
[誤]Look,therearetheAlp.
[正]Look,therearetheAlps.
[析]具體的某一座山不加定冠詞,如:MountainTai.但在山名稱前加定冠詞后,其山名要加s,來表示山脈。theAlps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如:TheAlpsareinthecenterofEurope.
[誤]Timesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.
[正]TheTimesisoneoftheoldestnewspapersintheworld.
[析]報(bào)刊名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞。?
[誤]Richarenotalwayshappy.
[正]Thericharenotalwayshappy.
[析]在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類人,而在姓的前面加定冠詞,姓后加s表示某一家,如:TheturnersaregoingtomovetoNewYork.
[誤]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Breadsellsinthisshopisverygood.
[正]Iliketoeatbreadforbreakfast.Thebreadsellsinthisshopisverygood.
[析]物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。?
[誤]Thesunrisesineast.
[正]Thesunrisesintheeast.
[析]在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞,如:intheeast,inthewest,inthenorth,inthesouth,inthedirection及inthepast,inthefuture
[誤]Doyouknowwhoinventedtelephone
[正]Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone
[析]在特定和專有事物或名稱前要加定冠詞,?
如:theEnglishChannel英吉利海峽
thePanamaCanal巴拿馬運(yùn)河
theSuezCanal蘇伊士運(yùn)河
[誤]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforthesupper
[正]Wouldyoupleasebuysomefoodforsupper
[析]泛指一日三餐前無定冠詞。?
[誤]Iliketoclimbthemountainintheautumn.
[正]Iliketoclimbthemountaininautumn.
[析]一年四季前不用定冠詞,如:Springisthebestseasoninayear.
[誤]Sometimesmyparentscometoschooltoseeme.
[正]Sometimesmyparentscometotheschooltoseeme.
[析]有些名詞被用作其本身原來所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞,如:gotoschool上學(xué),leaveschool(輟學(xué)),afterschool(放學(xué)),但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞,如例句中其父母來校不是上學(xué),而是看望孩子,則要加定冠詞。又如,Hewasinhospitalfortwodays.(他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。)而:Hewenttothehospitaltoseehismother.他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。
[誤]Iboughtasamedictionaryasshebought.
[正]Iboughtthesamedictionaryasshebought.
[析]在慣用法thesame,theonly,thevery前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞。
[誤]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbyhisarm.
[正]Thepolicecaughtthethiefbythearm.
[析]這是英文表達(dá)法與中文的明顯不同之處,也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。在英語中的某些動詞,如:catch(抓),take(拿),strike(打),pat(拍),hit(擊),hold(握),pull(拉)…動詞后應(yīng)加人,再加介詞on,by,in,with…之后要加定冠詞,再加人體的某一部位。這時(shí)的定冠詞千萬不要換作his,her,their,等詞。
[誤]Hewaspaidbyhour.
[正]Hewaspaidbythehour.
[析]by和計(jì)量單位之間要有定冠詞。這句話應(yīng)譯為:他的工資是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。
[誤]IwenttoNewYorkbyhiscar.
[正]IwenttoNewYorkbycar.
[正]IwenttoNewYorkinhiscar.
[析]by僅僅與交通工具相連表示應(yīng)用某種工具,而加了別的修飾詞后其前面的介詞也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如:bycar(坐小汽車)bytaxi(坐出租車)bybike(騎自行車)bywater(乘船)byair(乘飛機(jī))bysea(乘船)
[誤]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaypianowhenshewasthree.
[正]Marybegantolearnhowtoplaythepianowhenshewasthree.
[析]在樂器前要加定冠詞,而在球類游戲之前則不要加冠詞,如:Theyliketoplaybridgewhentheyarefree.(他們空閑時(shí)愛打橋牌)
[誤]Thelittleboywantedtogotocinema.
[正]Thelittleboywantedtogotothecinema.
[析]英語中雖有一些名詞與goto連用時(shí)不加定冠詞,以表示該名詞的內(nèi)涵,如:gotoschool(上學(xué)),gotobed(睡覺)等,但去看電影則例外,要用gotothecinema.這也是語言的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。
[誤]Iliveat105theLakestreet.
[正]Iliveat105LakeStreet.
[析]街道名稱前不用冠詞。?
[誤]NextsummerholidayIwillgotocountrytoliveonafarm.
[正]NextsummerholidayIwillgotothecountrytoliveonafarm.
[析]country既作國家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。作鄉(xiāng)村講時(shí),一定要加定冠詞,而且只有單數(shù)形式,作國家講時(shí)則可有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Japanisacountry.Japan,China,IndiaareAsiancountries.
[誤]Thepicturelooksbetteratthedistance.
[正]Thepicturelooksbetteratadistance.
[析]atadistance意為“離開一定距離”。而inthedistance為“遠(yuǎn)方,遠(yuǎn)處”。這樣常用的詞組有:
asarule(照例)
inahurry(匆忙)
inthemorning/afternoon(上/下午)
inthesun(在陽光下)
intherain(雨中)
inthesameway(同樣)
intheshade(在陰涼處)
inthedaytime(白天)
intheend(最終)
ontheotherhand(換句話說)
onthecontrary(相反)
[誤]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreetahandinahand.
[正]Thelittleboyandgirlwalkalongthestreethandinhand.
[析]這是英語中的習(xí)慣用法,如:?
bitbybit(逐漸)
dayafter(by)day(一天又一天)
dayandnight(日日夜夜)
facetoface(面對面)
fromAtoZ(自始至終)
fromtimetotime(再三)
handinhand(手拉手)
shoulderbyshoulder(肩并肩)
(三)例題解析
1MrLiis___oldworker.
AaBanCsomeD/
[答案]B.
[析]an用于元音音素開始的單詞前。
2Englishis___usefullanguagein___world.
Aan,theBa,theCthe,/D/,the
[答案]B.
[析]因useful的第一個(gè)音素是[j],它是輔音音素。
3What___interestingbookitis?
AaBanCtheD/
[答案]B.
[析]這是感嘆句,因?yàn)橐频皆话憔淝懊娴膹?qiáng)調(diào)部分中有可數(shù)名詞book,所以應(yīng)加冠詞,而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。
4Hewillbebackin___h(yuǎn)our.
A/BtheCaDan?
[答案]D.
[析]因hour的首字母h不發(fā)音。
5Thereis___mapintheclassroom.___mapisonthewall.
Aa,ABthe,TheCa,TheDthe,A
[答案]C.
[析]在文章中首次提到某人或某物時(shí)用不定冠詞,而第二次再提到該物或人時(shí)應(yīng)用定冠詞。
6Lookat___picture!Theres___h(yuǎn)ouseinit.
Aa,aBthe,theCa,theDthe,aww
?[答案]D.
[析]雖然是第一次提到,但在句中的語言是讓對方看某一特定的圖畫,所以應(yīng)選擇D。
7Thereis___orangeinthebottle.
AaBanCtheD/
?[答案]D.
[析]這里的orange是指桔汁而不是一個(gè)個(gè)的桔子。
8Beijingis___capitalofourcountry.
AtheBanC/Da
?[答案]A.
[析]capital之后有of結(jié)構(gòu)則要用定冠詞。
9IfyouworkhardatEnglish,youllget___“A”inthetest.
AanB/CtheDa
?[答案]A.
[析]因字母A的第一音素是元音。
10Heusuallygoestoschoolon___foot.
AaBanCtheD/
?[答案]D.
[析]onfoot意為走路上學(xué),是習(xí)慣用法。
2013屆中考英語語法介詞考點(diǎn)知識復(fù)習(xí)
每個(gè)老師需要在上課前弄好自己的教案課件,是認(rèn)真規(guī)劃好自己教案課件的時(shí)候了。必須要寫好了教案課件計(jì)劃,未來的工作就會做得更好!究竟有沒有好的適合教案課件的范文?以下是小編收集整理的“2013屆中考英語語法介詞考點(diǎn)知識復(fù)習(xí)”,供您參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。
介詞
(一)知識概要?
介詞在英語中用法很活,也無一定規(guī)律可循。在初中范圍內(nèi)還應(yīng)學(xué)一個(gè)記住一個(gè),特別是那些和動詞的特殊搭配。這樣長期下去不斷學(xué)習(xí)自然會總結(jié)出一套自己的規(guī)律來。下面是一般的規(guī)律,可幫助學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考,千萬不要作為定律去背誦,照搬。?
介詞表示時(shí)間表示地點(diǎn)方位表示原因方式其他
about大約在……時(shí)間?aboutfiveoclock在周圍,大約多遠(yuǎn)?aboutfivekilometres關(guān)于、涉及?
talkaboutyou
above高出某一平面?
abovesealevel
across橫過walkacrossthestreet對面acrossthestreet
after在……之后?
aftersupper
跟……后面?
oneafteranother
追趕
runafteryou
against背靠逆風(fēng)?
againstthewall,againstthewind
反對?
beagainstyou
among三者以上的中間?
amongthetrees
at在某時(shí)刻?
atten
在小地點(diǎn)?
attheschoolgate
表示速度?
athighspeed
向著,對著?
atme
before在……之前?
beforelunch
位于……之前?
sitbeforeme
behind位于……之后?
behindthetree
below低于……水平?
belowzero
不合格?
belowthestandard
by到……時(shí)刻,在……時(shí)刻之前
?byfiveoclock
緊挨著?
sitebysite
乘坐交通工具?byair,bybick被由?
wasmadebyus
during在……期間duringtheholidays
for延續(xù)多長時(shí)間?
forfiveyears
向……去?
leaveforShanghai為了,對于
begoodforyou
from從某時(shí)到……某時(shí)?frommorningtillnight來自何方?
fromNewYork
由某原料制成bemadefrom
來自何處?
whereareyoufrom
in在年、月、周較長時(shí)間內(nèi)?inaweek在里面?
intheroom
用某種語言?inEnglish穿著
inred
into進(jìn)入……里面?
walkinto
除分?
divideinto
變動?
turnintowater
near接近某時(shí)?nearfiveyears在……附近?nearthepark
of用某種原料制成?
bemadeof
屬于……性質(zhì)?
amapofU.S.A
on某日、某日的上下午onSundayafternoon在……上面?
onthedesk靠吃……為生liveonrice關(guān)于?abookonPhysics
over渡過一整段時(shí)間?workovernight在上方
overthedesk
超過,高于?overfivepairs
past超過某一時(shí)刻?
tenpastfive
經(jīng)過某地?
walkpastthepark
since從某時(shí)以來?
since1980
原因?
Sinceyouwereill
through經(jīng)過某一時(shí)期?throughhislife通過、穿過某地?
throughtheforest
till?until直到某時(shí)為止?tillfiveoclock
to差多少時(shí)間?
fivetoten
問,到,去往?
toShanghai
面對面?
facetoface
給予giveabooktome
under在……下面?
underthedesk
少于?
underten
在……管制之下undertherule
with用某種工具?withapen帶著,具有
withme
without沒有?
withoutair
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.?
[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.?
[析]at用于具體時(shí)刻之前,如:sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。
[誤]Dontsleepatdaytime??
[正]Dontsleepindaytime.?
[析]in要用于較長的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi),如:inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。?
[誤]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.?
[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.?
[析]inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在這兩個(gè)短語中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on,如:onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th?
[誤]Hebecameawritterathistwenties??
[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties??
[析]這句話應(yīng)譯為:他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來表示,而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來表示。?
[誤]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.?
[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.?
[析]在具體年歲前用at,如:attheageof12,atyourage,等等。?
[誤]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.?
[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.?
[析]具體某一天要用介詞on,又如:onNewYearsDay?
[誤]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.?
[正]ImlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.?
[析]在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on,而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間,一般要有兩周或更長的時(shí)間。?
[誤]Ihaventseeyouduringthesummerholidays.?
[正]Ihaventseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.?
[析]during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi),所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配,如:Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段時(shí)間,可以用于完成時(shí),如:Ihaventseeyouforalongtime.而through用來表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為"整整,全部的時(shí)間"。如:Itrainedthroughthenight.?而since則是表達(dá)主句動作的起始時(shí)間,一般要與完成時(shí)連用。?
[誤]Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[正]Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.?
[析]On加動名詞表示"一……就"。本句的譯文應(yīng)是:我一進(jìn)入教室就聽見這個(gè)好消息了。又如:onhearing…一聽見,onarrival一到達(dá)就……(on表示動作的名詞)?
[誤]Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?
[正]Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.?
[析]atthebegining與attheend都是指某事物的開始與結(jié)束部分,均不指時(shí)間范圍,而inthebeginning則是指開始一段時(shí)間。intheend=atlast是指"最終,終于"之意。?
[誤]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.?
[析]by引起的時(shí)間狀語表示了動作的截止點(diǎn),其意思為"不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完",所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來時(shí)態(tài),如:Illbetherebyfiveoclock.而till則表達(dá)其一動作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻,但句中的動詞一定要用持續(xù)性動詞,而瞬間的截止性動詞應(yīng)用其否定句式,如:Iwontfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.?
[誤]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.?
[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.?
[析]before一般要與完成時(shí)連用,而ago則與一般過去時(shí)連用。?
[誤]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.?
[析]since用來表達(dá)主句動作的開始時(shí)間,所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過去時(shí),而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)
[誤]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.?
[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.?
[析]中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來取,兩天內(nèi)會修好,而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after。其原因有二,①after多用于過去時(shí),如:IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍,如:afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會完成某事時(shí),一定要用介詞in。?
[誤]Threedaysafterhedied.?
[正]Afterthreedayshedied.?
[正]Threedayslaterhedied.?
[析]after與later都可以用來表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后,但它們所處的位置不同,after在時(shí)間詞前,而later在時(shí)間詞后。?
[誤]Shehidherselfafterthetree.?
[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.?
[析]after多用來表達(dá)某動作之后,所以有的語法書中稱它為動態(tài)介詞,如:Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。?
[誤]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.?
[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.?
[析]樹上長出的果實(shí),樹葉要用on,而其他外來的人、物體均要用inthetree.?
[誤]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.?
[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.?
[析]在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞:in,on,to。in表示在某范圍之內(nèi);on表示與某地區(qū)接壤;to則表示不相接。如:JapanistotheeastofChina.?
[誤]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.?
[析]at用來表達(dá)較小的地方,而in用來表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage。?
[誤]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.?
[析]在門牌號碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法:attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。?
[誤]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.
[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.?
[析]在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in,而墻的外角用at,如:Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.?
[誤]ThisweekendIllstayinUncleWangs.?
[正]ThisweekendIllstayatUncleWangs.?
[析]要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法,如:atatailorsshop(裁縫店)=atatailors,?atthedoctors(去看病)atthebooksellers(在書店)atuncleWangs(在王叔叔家)
[誤]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontodaysnewspaper??
[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintodaysnewspaper??
[析]在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in,而在具體某一版上,或某一頁上則要用on。?
[誤]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.?
[析]這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程,即開學(xué)之意。要注意,有些活動場所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動時(shí)不要加冠詞,如:attable(吃飯),WhenIcametoTomshome,theywereattable.還有:atdesk(學(xué)習(xí)),atwork(工作)atschool(上學(xué)),inhospital(住醫(yī)院)atchurch作禮拜?如加上定冠詞則另有他意,如:attheschool即在學(xué)校工作或辦事,inthehospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。?
[誤]Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[正]Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.?
[析]譯文為:在去車站的路上我買了份報(bào)紙,為的是消磨時(shí)光?"在……的路上"應(yīng)用ononesway…。而intheway有擋道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。
[誤]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.?
[正]Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.?
[析]in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài),在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語,而into則是動態(tài)介詞,與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語。?
[誤]IllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.?
[正]IllleaveBeijingforShanghai.?
[正]IllleaveforShanghai.?
[析]leavefor是離開某地去某處的固定搭配,不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有:startfor動身前往某處,setoutfor,sailfor。?
[誤]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.?
[正]Imsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.?
[析]getin,與getout是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。getin為上車,而getout為下車,但語法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞,所以其后不能接名詞,我們可以講Wedbettergetin.或Wedbettergetout.還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車:geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi…)?
[誤]Becareful?Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.
[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.
[析]over與above在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí),即正上方時(shí)則要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用over.?
[誤]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.?
[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.?
[析]over還有一意為"跨越,橫跨"。?
[誤]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.?
[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.?
[析]在垂直下方要用below.?也就是講above與below互為反意詞,over與under也是反意詞。
[誤]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.?
[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.?
[析]infrontof是在物體外部的前面,而inthefrontof是在物體內(nèi)部的前面,如:Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.?
[誤]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.?
[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.?
[析]across作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思:①橫過,如:Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②對面,如:Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過。如:Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.?
[誤]Thesunsetstowardthewest.?
[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.?
[析]towards也可用作toward,它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動,但不一定到達(dá),如:Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south時(shí),其前面要用in。要注意的是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞,如:Iwentsouth.也可用作名詞,如:Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容詞,如:IwenttothesouthpartofChina.?
[誤]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose??
[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose??
[析]beside是"在……旁邊",如:Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除……之外,不僅……而且……,除了……以外還有……",如:IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分,如:IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同種類的事物,如:Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat則要加從句。?
[誤]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen??
[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink??
[析]with后要加拿得起來放得下的工具,而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。?
[誤]Imearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.?
[正]Imearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.?
[析]在交通工具前加介詞by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞,否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。?bytaxi=inataxi
bytrain=inatrain
bybicycle=onabicycle?
byship=onaship
byboat=inaboat
bybus=onabus?
byplane=onaplane
byair空運(yùn)
byland陸運(yùn)?
bysea海運(yùn)
onfootonhorseback?
byphonebyletterbyradio?
byairmailbyhand?
[誤]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.?
[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.?
[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化,而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如:Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.?
[誤]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.?
[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.?
[析]關(guān)于某方面的書籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞,其中on表示某專業(yè)用書,about則為某方面的普通讀物,如:Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知識。?
[誤]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.?
[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.?
[析]keytothedoor門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千萬不要用of。?
[誤]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.?
[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.?
[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有興趣。?
[誤]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.?
[正]Ididntdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.?
[析]beangrywith其后接人,而beangryat其后接事。如:Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.?
[誤]Hewasgoodforskating.?
[正]Hewasgoodatskating.?
[析]begoodat為"擅長某事",而begoodforsomebody為對某人很好。?
[誤]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.?
[析]這句話應(yīng)譯為:你真太好了,幫助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是對某人態(tài)度好。如:Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.?
[誤]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.?
[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.?
[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody,而bepleasedat后加something。?
[誤]Heisagreewithme.?
[正]Heagreeswithme.?
[誤]Heagainstsme.?
[正]Heisagainstme.?
[析]同意agree為動詞,而反對against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。?
[誤]Ihaventheardlettersfromhim.?
[正]Ihaventheardfromhim.?
[析]hearfrom即為:從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。?
[誤]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend??
[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend??
[析]作為"拜訪"講callat其后接地點(diǎn),如:MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。?
[誤]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite??
[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite??
[析]inwhite為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有:inbed(睡覺),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆匆忙忙),indanger(危險(xiǎn)中),injoy(高興),ingoodhealth(身體好),inlove(戀愛),introuble(困境),與之相反的是outof,如:outoftrouble(擺脫困境),outofdate(過時(shí)了),outoforder(出故障)?
[誤]Helookedatmeatsurprise.?
[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.?
[析]surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首,Toonessurprise,如:Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如:Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.?
[誤]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.?
[正]Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.?
[析]becauseof后接名詞,如:Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.?
(三)例題解析?
1?-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!?
-Notatall.?
A?inB?onC?atD?for?
[答案]D.?
[析]由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。?
2?Canyouanswerthisquestion___English??
A?byB?inC?withD?from
?
[答案]B.?
[析]in表示用語言、聲音、或材料,如:Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.
3?Look___themap___China___thewall,please.?
A?after,of,inB?at,of,in
C?after,in,onD?at,of,on?
[答案]D.?
[析]lookat為"看",而onthewall為"在墻表面掛著",而inthewall則是"在墻內(nèi)",如:Thereisholeinthewall.墻上有個(gè)洞。?
4?-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon??
-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.?
A?atB?inC?onD?to
[答案]C.?
[析]intheevening/afternoon這兩個(gè)詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為on,如:onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。?
5?Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteachersface.?
A?offB?nearC?onD?between
[答案]C.?
6?Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.?
A?toB?inC?withD?about
?
[答案]C.?
[析]getonwellwith與人相處很好。?
7?-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.?
-Isee.Illcome___Saturdayevening.?
A?inB?atC?onD?for
?
[答案]C.?
8? Letshurry,orwellbelate___school??
A? toB? atC? withD? for
?
[答案]D.?
[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:Dontcomelatetoschool??
9? Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays??
A? forB? atC? inD? after
?
[答案]C.?
[析]三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in,而不要受中文影響用after,afterthreedays是個(gè)不定的時(shí)間范圍,即沒有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。?
10? Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___??
A? 1989,MarchB? inMarch,1989
C? March,1989D? 1989,inMarch?
[答案]B.?
[析]在月份、年、前用介詞in,而日子前用on。?
11? Hecouldntworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp??
A? withoutB? underC? forD? with
?
[答案]A.?
[析]在某人幫助下應(yīng)用with,如:WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily? 而要是沒有你的幫助則用withoutyourhelp??
12? Grannytookonelookatus___h(yuǎn)erglasses??
A? byB? throughC? onD? in
?
[答案]B.?
[析]through為穿過……。?
13? Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven??
A? /,toB? in,toC? at,toD? on,to
?
[答案]C.?
[析]具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用at,而差幾分幾點(diǎn)用to,這里應(yīng)譯為:我在差一刻七點(diǎn)吃的早飯。
14? IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday??
A? onB? inC? fromD? at
?
[答案]A.?
[析]從收音機(jī)中聽到某事應(yīng)用詞組ontheradio。?
15? Itsgoodmannerstowait___line??
A? inB? onC? atD? with
?
[答案]A.?
[析]inline為排隊(duì)。?
16? HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm??
A? bytheendofB? attheendof
C? totheendofD? tilltheendof?
[答案]A.?
[析]bytheendof為動作的截止時(shí)間,與完成時(shí)態(tài)相配合?
17? Themanagerwasverysatisfied___h(yuǎn)iswork??
A? inB? onC? aboutD? with
?
[答案]D.?
[析]besatisfiedwith為固定搭配。?
18? JohnhitJack___face??
A? ontheB? intheC? onhisD? inhis
?
[答案]B.?
[析]英文中的某些動詞其后要接人,然后加介詞+the+身體部位,如:Hecaughttheboybythearm。?
19? Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978?
?A? in,onB? at,onC? at,inD? on,of?
[答案]D.?
[析]在時(shí)間前加介詞時(shí)應(yīng)以最小的時(shí)間單位為準(zhǔn)。?
20? Itsabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble??
A? over,inB? at,inC? in,atD? at,for
?
[答案]B.?
[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑著談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈?,introuble陷入困境。
21? Icantdothisworkwell___Tomshelp??
A? underB? forC? withoutD? from
?
[答案]C.?
22? Dontshout___theoldwoman。? Youshouldbemorepolite___h(yuǎn)er?
A? to,atB? at,toC? in,forD? from,for
?
[答案]B.?
[析]shoutat為"沖某人喊叫",而bepolitetosomebody為"對某人和氣。"?
23? Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everything?
A? with,inB? in,withC? with,toD? to,of
?
[答案]A.?
[析]bestrictwith對某人嚴(yán)格要求。?
24? Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSunday??
A? toB? withoutC? behindD? between
?
[答案]B.?
[析]withoutlunch未吃午飯。?
25? ThepeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949
A? withB? onC? sinceD? in
?
[答案]D.?
[析]在年代前用in。因句子是過去時(shí)而不是完成時(shí),所以不能用since。?
26? MrBlackgottoHangzhou___afewdays??
A? inB? afterC? onD? at
?
[答案]B.?
[析]這句話應(yīng)譯為:幾天之后Mr? Black到達(dá)了杭州。而不是在幾天之內(nèi)一定要做完某事,所以選B。?
27? -Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy??
-Yes,hehas??
A? fromB? withC? onD? in
?
[答案]C.?
[析]給予某一方面問題的忠告其介詞用on。?
28? Youmaydepend___h(yuǎn)im? Heis___h(yuǎn)onestman??
A? on,aB? in,anC? on,anD? at,the
?
[答案]C.?
[析]dependon為"依靠某人或某事",而honest的首字母h不發(fā)音。?
29??。撸撸適yjoy,Icananswerthisquestion??
A? WithB? ToC? ByD? For
?
[答案]B.?
[析]Toonesjoy意為"使我高興的是。"?
30? Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionary?
A? forB? atC? upD? after
?
[答案]C.?
[析]lookfor尋找,lookat看,lookafter照顧,lookup查字典。?
31? Alittlemonkeyisplaying___atreeandtherearealotofbananas___it
A? on,onB? in,onC? on,inD? in,in
?
[答案]B.?
[析]樹上長出的果實(shí)為onthetree? 而其他外來之物要用inthetree,表達(dá)在樹上。?
32?Igotoschool___buseverymorning.
?A.inB.byC.onD.atw
?[答案]B.
?[析]by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某種交通工具去某地。
?33?Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.
?A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with
?[答案]D.
?[析]withbadmanners有不良習(xí)慣的人。
?34?Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.
?A.intoB.forC.atD.outof
?[答案]C.
?[析]besurprisedat對某事吃驚。
?35?Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.
?A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof
?[答案]C.
?[析]attheageof在幾歲時(shí)。
?36?Thelittlegirlcouldnthelp___whenshesawalargedog.
?A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries
?[答案]C.
?[析]couldnthelp+動名詞表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。
?37?Jackwasborn___M(jìn)arch1st,1978.
?A.onB.inC.atD.of
?[答案]A.
?[析]日期,時(shí)間前的介詞按其表達(dá)語中的最小單位計(jì)算。
?38?Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.
?A.toB.onC.inD.about
?[答案]C.
?[析]beinterestedinsomething對某事感興趣。
?39?Theteacherwasverysatisfied___h(yuǎn)eranswer.?
A.inB.onC.forD.with
?[答案]D.
?40?Thestoryhappened___Beijing.
?A.inB.withC.forD.on
?[答案]A.