小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法優(yōu)秀教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2021-04-302013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)。
做好教案課件是老師上好課的前提,大家在用心的考慮自己的教案課件。在寫好了教案課件計(jì)劃后,才能更好的在接下來的工作輕裝上陣!那么到底適合教案課件的范文有哪些?下面是小編幫大家編輯的《2013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)》,僅供參考,歡迎大家閱讀。
動(dòng)詞?(一)知識(shí)概要
動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)言中是必不可少的一部分。它的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象也較多,但在初中范圍主要有以下幾方面問題。①時(shí)態(tài):初中范圍主要有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí),將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)六種時(shí)態(tài)。②語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。③助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。④非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,也就是不定式,動(dòng)名詞及現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。?時(shí)態(tài)主要掌握以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用要點(diǎn)和習(xí)慣用法。
?1?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):主要有以下三方面,①用來表示狀態(tài),特征或不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在和真理。如:Matterexistsinthreestates物質(zhì)有三態(tài)。又如:Theearthmovesaroundthesun??②表?示習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如:Ioftengotobedat9∶30?③在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如:AssoonasIgetthereIlltelephoneyou.
?2?一般過去時(shí):① 主要用于表達(dá)過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),如:Iwasilllastweek?②過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,如:Iusedtogetupatsix.
?3?一般將來時(shí):用于表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,其構(gòu)成方式①用will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形來表達(dá)將來在某一時(shí)間內(nèi)要發(fā)生,或經(jīng)常、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),如:SchoolwillbeginonSepember1st?②用begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形,用來表示不久將要發(fā)生或打算去作的動(dòng)作。如:?Im?goingtoswimthisafternoon?③be+現(xiàn)在分詞,也就是用某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來,如:?Im?coming。這些動(dòng)詞只限于:go,come,leave,start,move,sail,arrive,reach,getto等動(dòng)詞。④在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
?4?現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):用于表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,如:Whatareyoudoingnow?要注意的是表示狀態(tài),情感的某些詞沒有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞有:like,have(有),love,know,understand,remember,forget,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,wishhope,expect…
?5?過去將來時(shí):用來表達(dá)從過去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)上看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如:Hetoldmehewouldcometomyparty?
?6?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的兩個(gè)用處是:① 用來表達(dá)在過去開始的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,如:IvestudiedEnglishfortwoyears?②用來表達(dá)過去發(fā)生的事但它影響到現(xiàn)在,如:Ihaventhadmybreakfast.soImhungrynow?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別在于動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作截止于現(xiàn)在,而過去完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作截止于過去。如:Ihaventseenmyoldteacherforalongtime?我好久未見到我過去的老師了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句話,則將變?yōu)檫^去完成時(shí),如:YesterdayIsawmyoldteacher.Ihadntseenhimforalongtime.因?yàn)槲液镁梦匆娝@一情況截止于昨天。還要注意的一個(gè)問題是截止性動(dòng)詞可以有完成時(shí),但不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,如:WhenIgottoschool,theclasshadbegun?如果一定要講開始幾分鐘了則要換用表示狀態(tài),或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如:WhenIgottoschool,theclasshadbeenonforfiveminutes??語(yǔ)態(tài):英語(yǔ)中只有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之分。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),句子中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如:Ibrokethewindow?而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中的賓語(yǔ),如:Thewindowwasbrokenbyme?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主要用于,動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不明確,或沒有必要說出來,如:TheNewbuildingwasbuiltlastweek?關(guān)鍵要注意的是在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有省略不定式符號(hào)to的動(dòng)詞,在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要還原,如:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Isawhimcomein.?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Hewasseentocomein.?助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:助動(dòng)詞本身沒有詞義,它只不過與實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,形成了時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、構(gòu)成了疑問句,否定句,以及用來加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則表達(dá)一種可能、必要、允許、愿望、猜測(cè)……的意圖、傾向。也用來表示語(yǔ)氣的委婉和祝愿。初中階段主要有:can,could,may,might,will,would,must(haveto),shall,should。?最后要談?wù)摰氖欠侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為不定式,和動(dòng)詞的ing形式,(即現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞)。雖然在初中范圍,這一項(xiàng)不是語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn),但還是要花一定時(shí)間去學(xué)習(xí),為的是打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)提供良好的條件。不定式在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。如:Toseeistobelieve.(百聞不如一見)Hewanttoseeafilm?還可以作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如:Hewantsmetoleave.也可以作狀語(yǔ),如:IcomeheretolearnEnglish.?動(dòng)名詞也可以起到上述作用,如:Seeingisbelieving.Ilikeswimmingverymuch.而現(xiàn)在分詞多用于作定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ),如:Thegirldrivingacarishersister.(定語(yǔ))Didyounoticehishandshaking?(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
Hearingthenoise,westoppedtalking.(狀語(yǔ))
(二)正誤辨析
?[誤]Shelaiddownandsoonfellasleep.
?[正]Shelaydownandsoonfellasleep.
?[析]考試中常出現(xiàn)的是易混動(dòng)詞lay放,lie躺,lie說謊。它們的過去時(shí)、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞變化如下:
?lay(放)laid,laid,laying(及物動(dòng)詞)
?lie(躺)lay,lain,lying(不及物動(dòng)詞)
?lie(說謊)lied,lied,lying
?[誤]Pleaseriseyourhand.
?[正]Pleaseraiseyourhand.
?[析]rise是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后不能接賓語(yǔ),如:Thesunrisesintheeast.而raise是及物動(dòng)詞。
?[誤]Iliketoswimverymuch,butIdontlikeswimmingthisafternoon.
?[正]Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butIdontliketoswimthisafternoon.
?[析]like作為"喜歡"講時(shí),可以接動(dòng)名詞也可以接不定式,但接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)多表達(dá)一種習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。而接不定式則側(cè)重于表達(dá)一次性、特殊性的動(dòng)作。?但要注意的是like與would連用時(shí)則一定要接不定式,如:Wouldyouliketogowithme??再有一點(diǎn)要注意的是,like作為介詞"像"講時(shí),只能用分詞作其賓語(yǔ)。
?[誤]Stop!Didyoulistentoastrangevoice?
?[正]Stop!Didyouhearastrangevoice?
?[析]hear的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到、聽見什么,而listento的側(cè)重點(diǎn)為聽的傾向,如:listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallinghelp?這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook與see。它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同,look重于"看"的傾向,而see重于看見沒看見。
?[誤]Didyouwatchsomefilmrecently?
?[正]Didyouseesomefilmrecently?
?[析]英語(yǔ)中see與watch各有不同的用處,see用于看電影、劇目,而watch用作看電視和看球賽。
?[誤]Look.Abeautifullamphangedfromtheceiling.
?[正]Look.Abeautifullamphungfromtheceiling.
?[析]hang有兩個(gè)含義,①"掛",它的過去時(shí)與過去分詞是hung,hung;②"絞刑",這時(shí)它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,其過去式與過去分詞則為hanged,hanged。
?[誤]HowlongcanIborrowthisbook?
?[正]HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?
?[析]"借"在英文中有三個(gè)詞,①借入,即borrow,如:MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary?②借出,如:Icanlendmybiketoyou.③借多久要用keep,因?yàn)閎orrow與lend都是截止性動(dòng)詞,而keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如HowlongcanIkeepit?
?[誤]Wehavewonyourclass.
?[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.
?[析]win是及物動(dòng)詞,其后面的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金。而beat的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)是人、隊(duì)、班級(jí)等等,如:Wewonthegame.
?[誤]Ileftmykey.
?[正]Iforgotmykey.
?[正]Ileftmykeyathome.
?[析]leave是"丟下",其后一定要接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),而forget其后不要接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
?[誤]Oh!Itsrainingoutside.Pleasebringtheraincoatwithyou.
?[正]Oh!Itsrainingoutside.Pleasetakethisraincoatwithyou.
?[析]bring為"帶來"如:Nexttimebringyourlittlesisterhere.而take為"帶走",fetch為"去某處取什么回來",如:Pleasefetchsomecoffeeforus??要熟記的是在初中課文中與take有關(guān)的詞組,如:?takeaway拿走takeback收回takedown取下?takeoff脫下take…out拿出takeplace發(fā)生?takeholdof拿住takepartin參加takeaseat坐下?takeonesplace替代takealook看看takeonesturn輪流?takeamessage捎信takecareof照看takeiteasy別著急?takeonestime慢慢來takeonestemperature測(cè)量體溫
?[誤]Thepolicemanreachedhisgun.
?[正]Thepolicemanreachedforhisgun.
?[析]reach作"到達(dá)"講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞,如:Ireachedthehotelat8∶30?但作"伸手去拿",則要用reachforsomething。作為"到達(dá)"講時(shí)還有arrive(in+大地方)(at+較小的地方)和getto.要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有:?getback回來getin收割getinto進(jìn)入getoff下車?geton上車getout出去getup起床getto到達(dá)?getreadyfor=bereadyfor?getonwellwith與人相處融洽?get加比較級(jí)為變得如何,例如:?getcolderandcolder.
?[誤]Thisdictionaryspentmefivedollars.
?[正]Thisdictionarycostmefivedollars.
?[析]英文中的"花費(fèi)"有4個(gè)spend,cost,take和pay,其中spend與pay所在句中的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為人,如:Ispenttwohoursindoingmyhomework.Ipaidfivedallarsforthebook.而cost與take的主語(yǔ)則是事物,如:Ittakesmetwoyearstofinishthisbook.
?[誤]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopened.
?[正]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopen.
?[正]Ialwayssleepwiththewindowsclosed.
?[析]要注意open是動(dòng)詞也是形容詞,而close則要用其過去分詞作形容詞。?
[誤]Pleasewaitaminute.Imhavingonmyclothes.
?[正]Pleasewaitaminute.Imputtingonmyclothes.
?[析]英語(yǔ)中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài),是什么樣的穿著打扮,還是穿衣服的動(dòng)作兩類動(dòng)詞。表示穿著狀態(tài)的詞有haveon,wear,在用法上haveon不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),它多用一般時(shí)態(tài),如:Shehasonanewschooldress.而wear則多用進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示狀態(tài),如:Sheiswearinganewsweater.在表示動(dòng)作的詞中puton是常用的一詞。dress用作動(dòng)詞當(dāng)"穿衣"講時(shí)其后賓語(yǔ)不應(yīng)接衣物,而要接人,如:Mychildrenwereveryyoungtheycouldntdressthemselves.在表示穿著狀態(tài)時(shí)用其過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞,如:Heisdressedinwhite.
?[誤]Mycomputercantbegin.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?
?[正]Mycomputercantstart.Couldyoufindsomeonetohelpme?
?[析]begin與start均可指"開始",而且常常可以互換,如:Schoolbegins(starts)at8a.m.但是在兩種情況下不宜用begin而要用start,①當(dāng)作機(jī)器開動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)講,如:Mycarcantstart.Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.②作為"旅途開始"講,如:Weshouldhavetostartearly.Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.
?[誤]ImverygladbecauseIhavefoundedmylostkey.
?[正]ImverygladbecauseIhavefoundmylostkey.
?[析]find是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,它的過去式和過去分詞是found,found,而found又是另外一詞"建立",它是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,其過去式與過去分詞是foundedfounded,如:ThePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.
?[誤]Please.LetsspeakinEnglish.
?[正]Please.LetsspeakEnglish.
?[正]Please.LetstalkinEnglish.
?[誤]CanyouspeakitEnglish?
?[正]CanyousayitinEnglish?
?[析]英文中"說"有4個(gè)常用詞say,tell,speak,talk.其中不及物動(dòng)詞有speak和talk,如:Iwanttotalkwithyou.Wearetalkingaboutthenewfilm.而speak其后接語(yǔ)言時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞,其他情況是不及物動(dòng)詞。say與tell是及物動(dòng)詞,其中tell常用雙賓語(yǔ),如:Tellusastory.但用于講實(shí)話或謊話時(shí)也用單賓語(yǔ)。如:Tellthetruth.
?[誤]CanyousayJapanesefromChinese?
?[正]CanyoutellJapanesefromChinese?
?[析]tell…from為固定詞組,即分辨兩者的不同。
?[誤]Excuseme,didIsteponyourfoot?
?[正]Oh,sorry,didIsteponyourfoot?
?[析]excuseme用于未打擾對(duì)方前,以提醒對(duì)方注意的用語(yǔ),而sorry則是由于自己已做的事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?br> ?[誤]Wouldyoucarefortoswimwithus?
?[正]Wouldyoucaretoswimwithus?
?[析]carefor后接不定式時(shí),要省略for,或換用名詞,如:Wouldyoucareforacupoftea.carefor作"照顧"講時(shí)與lookafter相同。在初中階段學(xué)習(xí)與for有關(guān)的詞組有:
?askfor請(qǐng)求callfor接人,請(qǐng)人carefor關(guān)心?
goinfor從事answerfor負(fù)責(zé)lookfor尋找
?waitfor等待sendfor請(qǐng)人payfor付款?
searchfor尋找leavefor去某地preparefor準(zhǔn)備?
thanksomebodyforsomething為某事向某人道謝。
?[誤]Areyouunderstandingit?Yes,Igottoit.
?[正]Doyouunderstandit?Yes,Igotit.
?[析]understand這一詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),如同感觀動(dòng)詞love、hate…Igotit是美語(yǔ),即Iunderstoodit。要記住get作為"到達(dá)"講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,如:Illgettotheschoolat8a.m.?初中范圍常用與to有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞詞組如下:?belongto屬于cometo蘇醒pointto(at)指著?getto到達(dá)referto談到stickto堅(jiān)持?leadto導(dǎo)致turnto翻到lookforwardto期望?agreeto同意
?[誤]Themeathasgonebadly.
?[正]Themeathasgonebad.
?[析]英語(yǔ)中g(shù)o,get,become,turn作為轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí),其后接形容詞,這時(shí)這些動(dòng)詞應(yīng)被看作系動(dòng)詞。
?[誤]Theteachersaidtheearthmovedaroundthesun.
?[正]Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.
?[析]如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)。如果是過去時(shí),則賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng)。但地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)是不隨時(shí)間而變化的客觀事實(shí),所以還應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來表達(dá)。
?[誤]IllcometoseeyouassoonasIllbeback.
?[正]IllcometoseeyouassoonasIamback.
?[析]在狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般時(shí)來表示將來,如:Ishouldtellhimwhenhecameback.
?[誤]Iwanttoknowwhetheryoucometomypartytomorrowornot.
?[正]Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillcometomypartytomorrowornot.
?[析]在賓語(yǔ)從句中則要用將來時(shí)表示將來的動(dòng)作。要注意的是如果賓語(yǔ)從句中仍有狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),依然要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainstomorrowyoullcomehereornot.
?[誤]Whatdidyoudoateightlastnight?
?[正]Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?
?[析]在描述過去某一具體時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或從某時(shí)到某時(shí)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),如:IwaswashingclothesfromeighttillnoonlastSunday?
?[誤]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididntgowiththem,becauseIhaveseenitbefore.
?[正]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.IdidntgowiththembecauseIhadseenitbefore.
?[析]現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的相同之處是其動(dòng)作均開始于過去的某一點(diǎn),它的差別在于該動(dòng)作是截止到什么時(shí)候。如動(dòng)作截止到現(xiàn)在用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如動(dòng)作截止到過去,用過去完成時(shí)。例如:IvelearntEnglishforthreeyears.(到現(xiàn)在為止)又如:BeforeIwenttocollege,IhadlearntEnglishforthreeyears.(動(dòng)作截止到上大學(xué)那時(shí),即截止于過去)
?[誤]Imfeelingwellnow.
?[正]Ifeelwellnow.
?[析]瞬間動(dòng)詞有些無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),它們是:?表示思維狀態(tài)的詞:believe,feel,forget,imagine,know,mean,need,prefer,remember,understand,want?表示感情的動(dòng)詞:care,like,dolike,love,mind,hate,fear?表示狀態(tài)的詞:belong,own?感觀動(dòng)詞:feel,hear,see,smell,taste
?[誤]Whenhaveyoudonethiswork?
?[正]Whendidyoudothiswork?
?[析]when提問的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)不可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)的問句中。
?[誤]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasgonetomanyforeigncountries.
?[正]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasbeentomanyforeigncountries.
?[析]havegoneto是到某地去了,此人現(xiàn)在不在這里。havebeento是到過某地,現(xiàn)在此人在說話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
?[誤]Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.
?[正]Ihavekeptthisbookfortwoweeks.
?[析]截止性動(dòng)詞有完成時(shí)態(tài),但不可和與表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbegun.?但要講WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbeonforfiveminutes這樣的用法還有buy,join,die,如:Iboughtthisbookyesterday.我昨天買的這本書。?Ihavehadthisbookfortwodays.這本書我已買了兩天了。
?Ijoinedtheclubtwoyearsago.兩年前我加入了這個(gè)俱樂部。
?Ihavebeeninthisclubfortwoyears.我加入這個(gè)俱樂部已兩年了。
?Myfatherdiedfiveyearsago.我父親是5年前去世的。
?Myfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.我父親已去世5年了。
?[誤]Haveyouunderstoodthelessons?
?[正]Doyouunderstandthelessons?
?[析]有些動(dòng)詞不易用完成時(shí)態(tài),它們是understand,think,believe,know(知道)
?[誤]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarhadbrokenoutin1939.
?[誤]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarwasbrokenoutin1939.
?[析]在講述過去的歷史事件時(shí),總要用過去時(shí)而不要用完成時(shí),而且happen,breakout,takeplace作為發(fā)生講時(shí)均沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
?[誤]WhenIwalkedalongthestreet.Ihappenedtomeetanoldfriend.
?[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetIhappenedtomeetanoldfriend.
?[析]在一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的過程中,某一突然事件發(fā)生,這時(shí)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)),而突發(fā)性動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)),如:Whenmyfatherisreadinganewspaperthetelephonerings.
?[誤]Pleasebuyabookforme.
?[正]Pleasebuymeabook.
?[正]Pleasebuyabooktome.
?[析]在接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞后面的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)是直接賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)是間接賓語(yǔ),如:Buymeabook中me是間接賓語(yǔ),而abook是直接賓語(yǔ)。如果將直接賓語(yǔ)前置,其后應(yīng)加to,如:Tellmeastory.Tellastorytome.Givemeabook.Giveabooktome.
?[誤]Hewasseencomeintothebookstore.
?[正]Hewasseentocomeintothebookstore.
?[析]在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,有時(shí)可以加不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ),如:Isawhimcomeintothebookstore.但如果變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),則要將省略的to還原。當(dāng)然這些動(dòng)詞還可以加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),如:Isawhimcomingintothebookstore,如變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),則沒有變化。如:Hewasseencomingintothebookstore.
?[誤]Hownicethebookis!Isitsoldwell?
?[正]Hownicethebookis!Doesitsellwell?
?[析]有些動(dòng)詞可以表示一種動(dòng)作,但也可以用來表示某種性質(zhì),表示動(dòng)作時(shí)可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),在表示性質(zhì)時(shí)則不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:
?Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。
?Thiscardriveseasily.這車容易駕駛。
?Theseclotheswasheasily.這些衣服好洗。
?在作上述表達(dá)時(shí),不要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。而要講:
?Thiskindofbookwassoldout.(這種書賣完了)
?Theseclotheswerewashedbythewashingmachine.這時(shí)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因?yàn)樗枋龅氖蔷唧w動(dòng)作。
?[誤]MustIdoitnow??
No.youmustnt.
?[正]MustIdoitnow??No,youneednt.
?[析]need用在疑問句和否定句中常用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其后接不帶to的不定式。由must提問的問句作答語(yǔ)時(shí),如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用neednt,即為沒有必要。在肯定句中常用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,如:Ineedtowaitformyboy.
?[誤]Isthisbookyours?
?Yes,Its.
?[正]Isthisbookyours??
Yes,Itis.
?[析]在肯定的回答中不要用縮寫形式,而在否定的回答中可以用縮寫形式,如:No.Itisnt.
?[誤]Illhavemybikerepairtomorrow.
?[正]Illhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.
?[析]have+人+動(dòng)詞原形或現(xiàn)在分詞意為:讓某人作某事,如:Myfatherhadmetolearnhowtodrive,或Myfatherhadmedoingmyhomeworkfrommorningtillmight??have+物+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞為某件事被別人完成。如:Ihavemyhaircut.我去理發(fā)。而不是自己理發(fā)。如果講我想自己作某事,則用Iwanttorepairmybikemyself.
?[誤]Illgetmybrotherrepairthebikeforyou.
?[正]Illgetmybrothertorepairthebikeforyou.
?[析]have與get的用法有相同之處,也有不同之處。相同之處,如:havesomethingdone,也可用getsomethingdone,或have(get)somebodydoingsomething但不同之處在于havesomebodydosomething在用get時(shí)則要用getsomebodytodosomething。
?[誤]IhavetostudyonSaturdaybutIhaventtostudyafullday?
?[正]IhavetostudyonSaturday,butIdonthavetostudyafullday.
?[析]haveto不得不,而donthaveto為其否定式。
?[誤]IsTomintheclassroom?No.Hemustntbeintheclassroom,becauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.
?[正]IsTomintheclassroom?No.HecantbeintheclassroombecauseIsawhimtalkingwithourteacherintheofficejustnow.
?[析]must加動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)一種比較肯定的推測(cè),而表示否定的推測(cè)則要用cant。
?[誤]Mygrandpaisovereightybutheisabletoreadwithoutglasses.
?[正]Mygrandpaisovereighty,buthecanreadwithoutglasses.
?[析]can(could)多用于表達(dá)客觀的事實(shí),主觀能力,而beableto則多用于表達(dá)主觀的意愿。
?[誤]Shedoesntanswerthedoorbell.?Sheshouldbeasleep.
?[正]Shedoesntanswerthedoorbell.?Shemustbeasleep?
?[析]should用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中應(yīng)譯為"應(yīng)該",如:Youshoulddoyourhomeworkrightaway.而must加動(dòng)詞原形表示一種推測(cè)。
?[誤]Doyouliketogowithus?
?[正]Wouldyouliketogowithus?
?[析]Doyoulike…問的是習(xí)慣,如:Doyoulikeswimming?而wouldyoulike是一次性的邀請(qǐng)。
?[誤]Iamusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.
?[正]Iamusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.
?[析]usedto共有三種用法,①表示過去的習(xí)慣,如:Iusedtolivewithmyparents.?②表示?過去的習(xí)慣延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,如:Iamusedtoswimmingintheriver.③用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如: ?Oilis?usedtocook?
?[誤]Toplaywiththechildrenareveryinteresting.
?[正]Toplaywiththechildrenisveryinteresting.
?[析]不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)視為單數(shù)主語(yǔ),特別是兩個(gè)不定式用and作連詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如指的是一件事也應(yīng)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如:Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearlyisgoodforyourhealth.
?[誤]Heaskedmedomyhomeworkalone.
?[正]Heaskedmetodomyhomeworkalone.
?[析]某些動(dòng)詞要求不定式作其賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),它們是:asksomebodytodosomething要求某人做某事。tellsomebodytodosomething告訴某人做某事還有prepare準(zhǔn)備,decide決定,happento碰巧,seem似乎。
?[誤]hetoldmetodriveacar.
?[正]Hetoldmehowtodriveacar.
?[析]要學(xué)會(huì)疑問詞加不定式的用法,特別要注意的是what是疑問代詞,而how是疑問副詞。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.(我想知道干什么)。Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.(我想知道如何去作)。要注意的是howtodoit中的it是不可少的,因how是疑問副詞,不能作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),而what是疑問代詞,可做do的賓語(yǔ),所以whattodo后不要加it。
?[誤]Iamverygladmeetingyou.
?[正]Iamverygladtomeetyou.
?[析]許多形容詞后加不定式,這樣用時(shí)形容詞多是用來描述人物的感情、態(tài)度,如:glad,happy,pleased,lucky,sorry,sad,upset,ready,careful,surprised。
?[誤]Imtoogladforseeingyou.
?[正]Imtoogladtoseeyou.
?[析]這句話不能按照too…to的句型翻譯為:我太高興了以至于不想見你。而應(yīng)譯為:見到你太高興了。又如:Sheistoohonesttotellthetruth?應(yīng)譯為:她很誠(chéng)實(shí),不會(huì)不講實(shí)話。
?[誤]Tomistooyoungnottojointhearmy.
?[正]Tomistooyoungtojointhearmy.
?[析]這是too…to的正常用法,太如何如何以至于不能如何。
?[誤]Iwenttothehospitalforseeingmyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.
?[正]Iwenttothehospitaltoseemyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.
?[析]在句中表示某動(dòng)作的目的時(shí),要用不定式而不能用for加動(dòng)名詞。
?[誤]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtosit.
?[正]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtositon.
?[析]當(dāng)不定式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí),將不定式放于名詞之后。如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則其后面的介詞不要省略。如:Isatonthechair.這樣的用法還有:Iwanttofindaroomtolivein.Iwanttofindapentowritewith.
?[誤]Whenmotherwasaboutleavingthebabycriedsuddenly.
?[正]Whenmotherwasabouttoleavethebabycriedsuddenly.
?[析]beaboutto是表達(dá)較近的即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,可用來表示將來時(shí),或按計(jì)劃、安排的事。
?[誤]Thisworkisdifficulttobedone.
?[正]Thisworkisdifficulttodo.
?[析]在不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),下列情況常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)。①句子的主語(yǔ)即是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如:Ihavealotofletterstowrite.②句中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式中動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如:Couldyoufindmeajobtodo?③在形容詞之后的不定式,如:Englishisdifficulttolearn.
?[誤]Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus??Yes,Idlove.
?[正]Wouldyouliketoseeafilmwithus??Yes,Idloveto.
?[析]在口語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)答語(yǔ)中要將不定式符號(hào)保留,如:?Ihadto(不得不作)Imgoingto(打算作)Iusedto(過去習(xí)慣作)?Idloveto(喜歡作)Ihopeto(希望作某事)Illbegladto(高興作)
?[誤]Didyouseesomeonetodothisworkforme?
?[正]Didyouseesomeonedothisworkforme?
?[析]在感觀動(dòng)詞之后常接不帶to的不定式。這些詞是see,lookat,watch,hear,listento,feel,notice。
?[誤]Hewasseenpreparethiscar.
?[正]Hewasseentopreparethiscar.
?[析]在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中省去的不定式還原回來。
?[誤]Please?Letmychildtotryitagain.
?[正]Please?Letmychildtryitagain.
?[析]在make,have,let后加不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
?[誤]Whynottodoitagain?
?[正]Whynotdoitagain?
?[析]Whynot,youdbetter后接不帶to的不定式,如:Youdbettergo.但要注意的是它的否定式是Youdbetternotgo.
?[誤]Whenheheardthenewshecouldnthelptocry.
?[正]Whenheheardthenewshecouldnthelpcrying.
?[析]canthelp+現(xiàn)在分詞表示情不自禁作某事。
?[誤]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallingleaves.
?[正]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallenleaves.
?[析]現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)有正在的含義,如:fallingleave正下落的葉子。而過去分詞作定語(yǔ)fallenleaves是落地的葉子。過去分詞含有已經(jīng)完成的意思。
?[誤]Doyouhearsomeonesingintheoffice?
?[正]Doyouhearsomeonesingingintheoffice?
?[析]感觀動(dòng)詞可用不帶to的不定式來作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作的全過程或已結(jié)束的動(dòng)作,而用現(xiàn)在分詞表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作。
?[誤]Iwanttoshopsomefoodforsupper.
?[正]Iwanttobuysomefoodforsupper.
?[正]Iwanttogoshopping.
?[析]shop作買東西講時(shí),要用goshopping,其后不要加所購(gòu)買的東西。這樣的用法還有:?goboating劃船gosailing航海goskating滑冰?goshooting射擊godancing去跳舞gofishing釣魚?goswimming去游泳……不要用錯(cuò),也不要改為其他式,因?yàn)檫@是習(xí)慣用法。
?[誤]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.
?[正]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom.thestudentsstoppedtalking.
?[析]stoptodosomething是停下來去做某事,而stopdoingsomething則是停止做某事。
?[誤]Ididntrememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.
?[正]Ididntremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.
?[析]remember后接不定式是記著去做某事,即該動(dòng)作并沒有完成。而remember后接動(dòng)名詞則表明該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)作完了。如:Doremembertoturnoffthelight,beforeyouleave.即在你離開前記著去關(guān)燈。而關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作并沒有做。Iremembermeetingyousomewhere.我記得在某處見過你。而相見一事已經(jīng)作完了。相同用法還有forget。
?[誤]WhenIfinishedtodothisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.
?[正]WhenIfinisheddoingthisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.
?[析]在英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。在初中范圍主要有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞finish和enjoy,千萬不要與like相比。因?yàn)閘ike作動(dòng)詞"喜歡"用時(shí),其后接動(dòng)名詞表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,接不定式表示一次性特殊的動(dòng)作,而wouldyoulike后面則一定要用不定式。
?[誤]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentonplayingthefootball.
?[正]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentontoplayfootball.
?[析]goontodosomething是做完一件事緊跟著做另一件事。而goondoingsomething是在做一件事的過程中被打斷后接著再繼續(xù)做這件事。
?[誤]Hesbusytopreparehislessons.
?[正]Hesbusypreparinghislessons.
?[析]bebusy后加doing而不能接不定式。
?(三)例題解析
?1?MrZhangaskedme___thewordsagain.
?A.read
B.reads
C.toread
D.reading
?[答案]C.
?[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。
?2?You___playontheroad.Itsdangerous.
?A.mustnt
B.may
C.can
D.must
?[答案]A.
?[析]must用于否定句表示禁止做某事。
?3?MrBrown___inBeijingsince1993.
?A.work
B.works
C.worked
D.hasworked
?[答案]D.
?[析]句中有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),因此句中要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
?4?I___aletterwhenmymothercamein.
?A.write
B.amwriting
C.waswriting
D.willwrite
?[答案]C.
?[析]當(dāng)母親進(jìn)來時(shí)是一個(gè)瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)作,而寫信是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作,所以寫信這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),表示在寫信過程中發(fā)生的另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作。
?5?Itsnotanimportantparty,youneednt___.
?A.payforit
B.wearitout
C.tryitout
D.dressupforit
?[答案]D.?[析]payfor-為某物,某人付款,wearout-穿壞,磨破,tryout-選拔,挑選,而dressup-梳妝打扮。
?6?CanI___abikefromhim?
?A.lend
B.return
C.give
D.borrow
?[答案]D.
?[析]borrowsomethingfrom…為向某人某處借某物。而lend,return,give后面的介詞應(yīng)用to。
?7?-MustIstayathome?
?-No,you___.
?A.mustnt
B.neednt
C.maynot
D.cannot
?[答案]B.
?[析]neednt為"沒有必要必須做某事",而mustnt為"禁止做",cannot為"不能做"。根據(jù)題意是:你不一定待在家里。
?8?-Howlonghaveyou___h(yuǎn)ere?
?-Abouttwomonths.
?A.been
B.gone
C.come
D.arrived
?[答案]A.
?[析]havebeenhere是個(gè)狀態(tài),可以與后面的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連接,而其他三個(gè)動(dòng)詞都是瞬間動(dòng)詞。
?9?Stamps___bypeopleforsendingletters.
?A.use
B.using
C.used
D.areused
?[答案]D.
?[析]這里是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),意為郵票被人們用來發(fā)信。
?10?TheradiosaysTianjinwillbe___tomorrow.
?A.rains
B.rain
C.rained
D.rainy
?[答案]D.
?[析]rainy為形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
?11?Ifyoudontknowthisword,___inthedictionary.
?A.lookforit
B.lookatit
C.lookafterit
D.lookitup
?[答案]D.
?[析]lookup查字典,與look有關(guān)的詞組有:
lookabout四周環(huán)視
lookafter照顧
lookaround周圍,四處看
lookat看
lookback回顧
lookfor尋找
lookforwardto期待
lookout當(dāng)心
looklike看上去像
12?Myfathertoldme___playonthestreet.
?A.not
B.tonot
C.notto
D.didnot
?[答案]C.
?[析]不定式的否定式是nottodosomething.
13?Thereisgoingto___anEnglishpartythisevening.
?A.be
B.has
C.have
D.is
?[答案]A.
?[析]這里是therebe無生命的"有"加助動(dòng)詞的句型,即therewillbe,而沒有therehave的句型。
?14?There___nobusstopherelastyear.
?A.is
B.was
C.are
D.were
?[答案]B.
?[析]lastyear為去年,所以用過去時(shí)。而therebe句型的單復(fù)數(shù)要看be動(dòng)詞之后離之最近的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如:Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.
?15?Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingifit___tomorrow.
?A.isntrain
B.rains
C.wontrain
D.doesntrain
?[答案]D.
?[析]在狀語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)用一般時(shí)態(tài)來表示將來。
?16?Bikesmustnt___everywhere.
?A.beput
B.beputted
C.put
D.putting
?[答案]A.
?[析]這里是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。與put有關(guān)的詞組如下:?
putaway放好putoff推遲puton穿上putout撲滅putdown放下
17?NeitherLiLeinorHanMeimei___Harbin.
?A.havebeento
B.hasbeento
C.havegoneto
D.hasgoneto
?[答案]B.
?[析]hasbeento是去過某處。
?18?Itscoldtodayyoudbetter___morecoats.
?A.puton
B.takeoff
C.toputon
D.totakeoff
?[答案]A.
?[析]dbetter其后加不帶to的不定式,而puton為"穿上"。
?19?Henry___abirthdaycardforSamyesterday.
?A.hasbought
B.buys
C.bought
D.willbuy
?[答案]C.
?[析]因句中的yesterday為表達(dá)過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。?
20?WhenIgottothefactory,theworkers___aboutthefilim.
?A.aretalking
B.talked
C.weretalking
D.havetalked
?[答案]C.
?[析]狀語(yǔ)從句中所用的動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),則主句中也要與之呼應(yīng)。而工人們?cè)谡務(wù)撾娪盀橐婚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,所以要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。?
21?Nohurry,please___yourtime.
?A.take
B.bring
C.carry
D.catch
?[答案]A.
?[析]takeonestime慢慢來別著急。?
22?Ienjoy___thelightmusic.
?A.tolistento
B.listeningto
C.hearing
D.tohear
?[答案]B.
?[析]enjoy與finish其后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。?
23?Please___assoonasyougetthere.
?A.ringmeup
B.ringupme
C.wakemeup
D.wakeupme
?[答案]A.
?[析]ringup打電話,而wakeup喚醒。英文中有很多動(dòng)詞詞組如其賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí),一定要放在動(dòng)詞與介詞之間。?
24?WhenI___,Iwanttobeateacher.
?A.growsup
B.growup
C.shallgrow
D.grewup
?[答案]B.
?[析]growup長(zhǎng)大。而狀語(yǔ)從句要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來,即使主句也用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),但它含有將來之意。
?25?Icalledhimandhe___tohaveatalkwithme.
?A.stop
B.stops
C.stoped
D.stopped
?[答案]D.
?[析]這是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句,所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。?
26?-Wouldyouplease___meanevaser,Lucy?
?-Certainly.Hereyouare.
?A.borrow
B.lend
C.borrowed
D.lent
?[答案]B.
?[析]wouldyouplease其后接不帶to的不定式即動(dòng)詞原形,而borrow為"借入"而lend為"借出"。
?27?Trees___inspring.
?A.plant
B.wereplanted
C.shouldbeplanted
D.shouldplant
?[答案]C.?
[析]should用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中表示應(yīng)該,而此句又是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
28?-Wheresyourfather?
?-He___toParis.
?A.go
B.goes
C.went
D.hasgone
?[答案]D.
?[析]hasgone是已去某處了,不在這里了。所以強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作影響到現(xiàn)在。?
29?-MustIfinishmyhomeworkinclassnow?
?-No,you___.Youcandoitathome.
?A.mustnt
B.maynot
C.neednt
D.can
?[答案]C.
?[析]neednt表示沒有必要一定要這樣做。由must提問,肯定句用must,否定句用neednt.?
30?Thankyouverymuchfor___yourbook___me.
?A.lending,to
B.lent,to
C.borrow,from
D.borrowing,from
?[答案]A.
?[析]for是介詞,要用動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)。
?31?TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom___theearthaway.
?A.blowing
B.blow
C.blows
D.toblow
?[答案]A.
?[析]stop…fromdoingsomething.阻止某人或某物作某事。
?32?ThestudentswillgototheWestHillFarmbybike,ifit___finetomorrow.
?A.willbe
B.is
C.shallbe
D.was
?[答案]B.
?33?Ourteacheralwaystellsus___inthestreet.Itstoodangerous.
?A.dontplay
B.nottoplay
C.toplay
D.notplay
?[答案]B.
?[析]不定式的否定式為nottodo。?
34?Englishisausefullanguage.It___widelyintheworld.
?A.isspoken
B.wasspoken
C.canspeak
D.willspeak
?[答案]A.[來
?[析]本句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
?35?Thekiteisflyinghighinthesky.It___abird.
?A.looksat
B.lookslike
C.looksfor
D.looksafter
?[答案]B.
?[析]looklike像……,其中l(wèi)ike為介詞。
?36?-Look!WhatsWangPingdoingoverthere?
?-She___underabigtree.
?A.sings
B.sang
C.hassung
D.issinging
?[答案]D.
?37?You___seeadoctor.Youvegotabadcold.
?A.will
B.aregoingto
C.hadbetter
D.could
?[答案]C.
?[析]hadbetter最好,意為一種真心的勸告。?
38?Yourradioistooloud.Wouldyouplease___?
?A.turndownit
B.turnitdown
C.toturndownit
D.toturnitdown
?[答案]B.
?[析]wouldyouplease后面加動(dòng)詞原形。?
39?Couldyoutellmeifit___tomorrow?
?A.rains
B.israining
C.willrain
D.rain
?[答案]C.
?[析]if從句是賓語(yǔ)從句,而不是狀語(yǔ)從句。所以還是要用將來時(shí),而不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
?40?Suddenlyoneofthebags___thetruckandlandedinthemiddleoftheroad.
?A.fellout
B.felldown
C.felloff
D.willbe
?[答案]C.
?[析]falloff掉落,與off有關(guān)的詞組有?seeoff送行g(shù)iveoff散發(fā)shutoff關(guān)閉kickoff踢掉turnoff關(guān)閉getoff下車jumpoff跳下showof炫耀takeoff脫下payoff付清
41?He___atthisschoolsincetwoyearsago.
?A.was
B.hasbeen
C.is
D.willbe
?[答案]B.
?[析]since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)與完成時(shí)相呼應(yīng)。
?42?Shedoesntknow___.
?A.whentodo
B.whattodo
C.howtodo
D.wheretodo
?[答案]B.
?[析]when,how,where均為疑問副詞,而what為疑問代詞,又因do是及物動(dòng)詞需要賓語(yǔ)。如用疑問副詞時(shí)應(yīng)為whentodoit,howtodoit,wheretodoit.
?43?Mustolderpeople___topolitely.
?A.speak
B.spoken
C.bespoke
D.bespoken
?[答案]D.
?[析]這句話的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)為Peoplemustspeakpolitelytoolderpeople?對(duì)年齡較大的人講話應(yīng)有禮貌。?
44?Teachersusuallyasktheirstudents___loudlyinclass.
?A.tospeak
B.speak
C.speaks
D.spoke
?[答案]A.
?[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。?
45?-WhereisMrZhang?
?-Look!He___onabigmachineoverthere.
?A.works
B.worked
C.isworking
D.hasworked
?[答案]C.
?[析]由look,liston等詞開始的句子一般要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。?
46?Theresafootballmatch.Please___theTVatonce.Letswatchtogether.
?A.turnon
B.takeoff
C.turnoff
D.goon
?[答案]A.
?[析]turnon打開。與turn有關(guān)的詞組有:turnagainst背叛turnon打開turn+顏色變?yōu)槟撤N顏色turnoff關(guān)閉turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)turnto翻到某頁(yè)turninto變?yōu)閠urnup向上翻
47?Pleasetellmewhere___h(yuǎn)aveourpicnictomorrow.
?A.wewill
B.willwe
C.will
D.willyou
?[答案]A.
?[析]where引導(dǎo)的從句是賓語(yǔ)從句,而不是狀語(yǔ)從句。
?48?We___Englishforthreeyearsalready.AndwecanspeakalittleEnglishnow.
?A.learn
B.havelearned
C.haslearned
D.willlearn
?[答案]B.
?[析]for+表示一段長(zhǎng)度的時(shí)間詞,應(yīng)與完成時(shí)相呼應(yīng)。
?49?Atlast,LinFengmadethebaby___andbegintolaugh.
?A.stoptocry
B.stopcrying
C.tostoptocry
D.tostopcrying
?[答案]B.
?[析]makesomebodydo(ordoing)something,stopdoing意為停止做某事。
?50?Ourclassroommust___cleaneveryday.
?A.keep
B.tokeep
C.bekept
D.tobekept
?[答案]C.
?[析]應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
?51?Ihearthere___asportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.?
A.isgoingtohave
B.willhave?
C.isgoingtobe
D.aregoingtobe
?[答案]C.
?[析]這是hear的賓語(yǔ)從句是therebe句型。而且是用了begoingto形式。
?52?Itsgettingcolder,Peter.Youdbetter___thiscoatwithyou.
?A.bring
B.carry
C.take
D.get
?[答案]C.
?[析]bring帶來,take帶走。
?53?Ourclassroomiscleanandtidy.?It___everyday.
?A.cleans
B.iscleaning
C.cleaned
D.iscleaned
?[答案]D.
?[析]這里表達(dá)的是經(jīng)常的一種狀態(tài),所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。?
54?Ifyouarenotcarefulinthestreet,acarmay___you.
?A.hurt
B.hit
C.run
D.catch
?[答案]B.
?[析]hit撞上,碰上,擊中
?55?Thefarmerswerebusy___readyforthenextyear.
?A.got
B.getting
C.toget
D.get
?[答案]B.
?[析]bebusy后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。
相關(guān)推薦
2013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主要句式知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)
教案課件是每個(gè)老師工作中上課需要準(zhǔn)備的東西,是認(rèn)真規(guī)劃好自己教案課件的時(shí)候了。只有規(guī)劃好了教案課件新的工作計(jì)劃,才能促進(jìn)我們的工作進(jìn)一步發(fā)展!你們知道多少范文適合教案課件?考慮到您的需要,小編特地編輯了“2013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主要句式知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)”,供您參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。
主要句式?(一)知識(shí)概要
初中所學(xué)的句型一般要分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。?陳述句中有肯定句與否定句之分。其中可以分為以下五種:
①主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞。如:Iarrivedatsixlastnight.
②主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ),如:IboughtagoodEnglish?ChineseDictionaryyesterday.
③主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ),如:PleasetellmeastorybeforeIgotobed.這樣可加雙賓語(yǔ)的句子有buy,tell,give,ask,pass,teach.
④主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如:Ifounditimpossibletodoit.Pleasekeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy.
⑤主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ),如:TomisanAmericanboy.Thegrassturnedgreeninspring.在初中常見的句型中有Therebe…句型,表示存在某種事物,如:Thereisamaponthewall?其be動(dòng)詞的形式要與其后面相近的那個(gè)名詞相一致。要注意的是這種句型加入助動(dòng)詞后,也要保持be動(dòng)詞,不要換用have,如:Thereisgoingtobeameetingtomorrow.?在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中要注意主謂一致的問題,即句子的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要相呼應(yīng)。
要注意的有如下幾點(diǎn):
①用and連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù),但如一人身兼兩職時(shí)則要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,如:Asingeranddanceriscomingtoourparty.asingeranddancer既歌唱又可舞的演員。而asingerandadancer則要譯為:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。
②有些以s結(jié)尾的名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),如:Thenewsisgood(news為不可數(shù)名詞)。
③有量詞時(shí)應(yīng)按量詞的數(shù)量計(jì)算;如:Thispairofglassesisgood?Myglassesarebroken.
④有些形單卻意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞,如:Peoplearecominghere?這樣的詞還有Police,如果要講一個(gè)警察時(shí),應(yīng)講apoliceman。兩個(gè)警察為twopolicemen。又如apolicewoman,twopolicewomen?
⑤ 所有不定代詞each,either,neither,one,theother,nobody,nothing,anyone,anything,someone,something…要作為單數(shù)如:Someoneiswaitingforyou??在并列句中表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞有:andnotonly…butalso, neither…nor, either…or?如:Mysisterandmyparentsaregoingtothecinema。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有:but和yet,如:Sheisagoodstudent,butshedidntpassthefinalexam.又如:Ithinkthenewsisstrange,yetitistrue?表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞有:or,either…or,如:Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschool?表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞有:for,so如:Theystudiedveryhard,sotheyallpassedtheexam??
在初中范圍復(fù)合句中主要有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句(名詞性從句)兩種,而定語(yǔ)從句(形容詞性從句)要在高中講述,為了使同學(xué)閱讀文章方便,我們將在下面另一章予以介紹。我們首先來看賓語(yǔ)從句。
① 在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),如:Iknewtheman,而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),如:Iknewthathewasagoodman?這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有that,(that只在從句中起聯(lián)接作用,不在句中充當(dāng)語(yǔ)法成分,既不是主語(yǔ)也不是賓語(yǔ),所以在口語(yǔ)中常常被省略。如:Iamsure(that)shehaspassedtheexam?
②if,whether它們?cè)谫e語(yǔ)從句中只起連接作用,不起語(yǔ)法作用,當(dāng)作是否講。從句中有ornot結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),要用whether,如:Iaskhimif(whether)hehashadhislunch?Iaskshimwhetherhehashadhislunchornot?
③ what它在賓語(yǔ)從句中除了作連接詞外,還要作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)成份,如:Idontunderstandwhatyousaid?(what作said的賓語(yǔ))。又如:Iaskedhimwhatmadehimsick(what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))。
④ who,它也和what一樣,在句中除作連接詞外,可以充當(dāng)句中的成份,如:Iknowwhosheislookingfor?
⑤ whose如:Iwanttoknowwhosebookthisis?
⑥ which如:Doyouknowwhichbookismine??
在連接詞中還有4個(gè)常用的連接副詞,
① how它的應(yīng)用最廣,如:howmuch,howmany,howlong,howsoon,howold…。如:Howmuchdoesitcost?
② when它只是連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如:Pleasetellmewhenthemeetingwillbegin?
③ where它連接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),如:Whereareyoufrom?
④ why它要連接的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,如:TheteacheraskedwhyTomdidntcometoschool.
在考試中常見到的考點(diǎn)是:?賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)問題。
① 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以是任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài),如:Iknowhedidntcome.我知道他沒來。Iknowhewillcometomorrow?我知道他明天來。IknowhehasgonetoLondon?我知道他已去倫敦了?!?br> ② 主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是過去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過去時(shí)態(tài)中的某一種。比如:一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),過去將來時(shí),過去完成時(shí)。除了在表達(dá)宇宙中的客觀真理時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:Iwantedtoknowwhenhewouldcome?Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesun??狀語(yǔ)從句主要有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,其連接詞有:after,before,when,as,assoonas,until(till),while,since,by?
其中較難掌握的有以下幾點(diǎn):?
① until(till)直到,在用until表達(dá)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中,主句中的動(dòng)詞是要十分小心去選擇。如動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,它要用肯定句,如:Istudiedharduntil12oclocklastnight.如果動(dòng)詞是瞬間截止性動(dòng)詞,則要用否定句,如:Hedidntgotobeduntilhismothercameback??
② 由?since,for,by,before來引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間,如:IhavestudiedEnglishsince1990?而由by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常是動(dòng)作的結(jié)束時(shí)間,如:Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm?而before則多用于完成時(shí),ago則多用于一般過去時(shí),如:Hehadfinishedhisworkbeforetwelveyesterday?Ileftmyhometowntwoyearsago?
③ 在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)表示將來。它們可能是主句用一般將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如:Ifitrains,theywontgotothepark onSunday?也可以主句是一般過去時(shí),從句用一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí),如:Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark?考試中常見的考點(diǎn)有:要學(xué)生區(qū)別是條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句還是賓語(yǔ)從句,因在賓語(yǔ)從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)用什么時(shí)態(tài),如:Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow?在賓語(yǔ)從句中的條件狀語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系,如:Iwanttoknowifitrainshewillcomeheretomorrow?
在原因狀語(yǔ)從句中主要是
① because,應(yīng)譯為"因?yàn)?。它表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最強(qiáng),如:Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard?
② since應(yīng)譯為"既然",如:Sinceyouwereillyesterday?Ileftsomenotesonyourdesk?
③ as應(yīng)譯為"由于",如:Asitistoohotwedbettergoswimming?since與as所表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)比because弱得多。而for表達(dá)的因果關(guān)系最弱。它不能用于句首,如:Hestudieshard,forhewantstogotocollege??在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中有同級(jí)比較as…as,如:Thisbookisasgoodasthatone?
要注意的有兩點(diǎn):
① as…as中間要用原級(jí)而不是比較級(jí)。
② 用形容詞還是副詞,如:MarywritesascarefullyasTom?而其否定句為notas(so)…as,如:Theydidntworksohardaswedid,而不同級(jí)比較用比較級(jí)加than,如:HeisyoungerthanIam?
要注意的是表示"越來越"這一概念時(shí)有兩個(gè)句型:
① 比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí),如:Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger?Thelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful?
② 定冠詞the+比較級(jí)+the+比較級(jí),如:Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn??方式狀語(yǔ)中要注意的是as(連詞)與like(介詞)的區(qū)別。as作為連詞其后接從句,如:PleasedoitasIdidit?但后面的句子常作省略,如:PleasedoitasI?而like是介詞,其后要接的是賓語(yǔ),如:Pleasedoitlikeme?
結(jié)果和目的狀語(yǔ)從句主要有so…that,sothat,inorderthat等幾種用法。
① so…that?用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,so+形容詞+a+名詞+that,如:Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher?或用such+a+形容詞+名詞+that,如:Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher?
② 在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic?又如:Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame.
③ 在much,many,few,little之前只能用so,如:IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuyit?
④ so…that之間只有形容詞時(shí),則不能用such,如:ItissogoodthatIwanttobuy
⑤ sothat其后接從句,如:IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus???
(二) 正誤辨析?
[誤]Thestoriesinthatbookwaswrittenmanyyearsago??
[正]Thestoriesinthatbookwerewrittenmanyyearsago.?
[析]作主語(yǔ)的名詞、代詞或不定式、動(dòng)名詞,它們往往要帶有修飾詞,這些詞可能是形容詞,也可能是短語(yǔ),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是要取決于這個(gè)主語(yǔ)的數(shù),要記住的是一個(gè)名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個(gè)不同的語(yǔ)法成份,如:book作了of的介詞賓語(yǔ)則不可能再作主語(yǔ)了。?
[誤]Toreadmanybooksaregoodforyou??
[正]Toreadmanybooksisgoodforyou??
[析]不定式作主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該看作單數(shù)主語(yǔ)。?
[誤]Whathesaidareright??
[正]Whathesaidisright??
[析]從句作主語(yǔ)一定要按單數(shù)主語(yǔ)看待。?
[正]Therichisnotalwayshappy??
[誤]Thericharenotalwayshappy??
[析]形容詞+定冠詞表示一類人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù),如:Theyoungareveryinterestedinstudyandsports??
[誤]Theschoolmasterandwriterarecoming??
[正]Theschoolmasterandwriteriscoming??
[析]本句應(yīng)譯為:校長(zhǎng)兼作家就要來了。而Theschoolmasterandthewriterarecoming?則要譯為:校長(zhǎng)和一個(gè)作家要來了。在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法中確實(shí)有Thegirlandboyareplayingonthegrass?這應(yīng)譯為:一個(gè)女孩,一個(gè)男孩在操場(chǎng)上玩。因?yàn)椴豢赡苓@樣兩個(gè)概念作用在一個(gè)人身上。又如:thehusbandandwife?夫妻二人。?
[誤]Youorshegotogetsomewaterforus??
[正]Youorshegoestogetsomewaterforus??
[析]由or連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)應(yīng)以離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近的那一個(gè)計(jì)算其數(shù)。這樣的用法還有either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso也有人稱作"就近原則"。?
[誤]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomeintotheclassroom??
[正]Theteacherwithalotofstudentscomesintotheclassroom??
[析]真正的主語(yǔ)是theteacher,而with短語(yǔ)是伴隨狀態(tài),不影響主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。?
[誤]Myglassesisbroken??
[正]Myglassesarebroken??
[誤]Thispairofglassesaregood??
[正]Thispairofglassesisgood??
[誤]Thesekindsofbutterisgood.?
[正]Thesekindsofbutteraregood??
[析]英語(yǔ)中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:glasses眼鏡,shorts短褲等。如沒有量詞在前時(shí),要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算。?
[誤]Oneoftheboysaregoingtotakepartinthematch??
[正]Oneoftheboysisgoingtotakepartinthematch??
[析]Oneof結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)以one來計(jì)算主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。?
[誤]Halfoftheworkaredone??
[正]Halfoftheworkisdone??
[誤]Halfofthebooksisread??
[正]Halfofthebooksareread??
[析]在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如:23,80%,0.35…+of+名詞,這時(shí)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)應(yīng)按of后面的名詞計(jì)算。如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù),如名詞是復(fù)數(shù)則要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。?
[誤]Eachsidesarefulloftrees??
[正]Eachsideisfulloftrees??
[誤]Bothsideisfulloftrees??
[正]Bothsidesarefulloftrees??
[析]each,either其后都要加單數(shù)名詞,而both后要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:each,either,another,little,alittle,much等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部要用單數(shù)形式。
[誤]Theboyseachhasanapple??
[正]Theboyseachhaveanapple??
[析]each作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),不影響句子的主語(yǔ)。?
[誤]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[正]Everyoneofushasaticketfortheconcert??
[析]everyone,someone,everybody…在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)都不能加of結(jié)構(gòu)。
[誤]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikesplayingfootball??
[正]Girlslikedancingverymuch,butfewlikeplayingfootball??
[析]few雖然含意上是"幾乎沒有",但作主語(yǔ)時(shí)仍要當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)。?
[誤]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryaretwohundred??
[正]Thenumberoftheworkersinthatfactoryistwohundred??
[析]thenumberof意為:某某的數(shù)字是……如:thenumberofstudents學(xué)生人數(shù),thenumberofplayers運(yùn)動(dòng)員人數(shù)。不論數(shù)字如何都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)。而anumberof與many意思相同,其后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Anumberofstudentsareplayingonthegrass??
[誤]Therestofthestudentsishere??
[正]Therestofthestudentsarehere??
[誤]Therestoftheworkaredone??
[正]Therestoftheworkisdone?
[析]therestof的用法與2/3,一半,80%+of的結(jié)構(gòu)一致,of后面為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這樣用法還有l(wèi)otsof,alotof,plentyof。?
[誤]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperarenotbad??
[正]Thenewsintodaysnewspaperisnotbad??
[析]有些以s結(jié)尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞,它們是:news,physics,mathematics,thanks,…?
[誤]TheChineseiskindandfriendly??
[正]TheChinesearekindandfriendly??
[析]Chinese作為中文來講是單數(shù)名詞,但作為中國(guó)人講是單復(fù)同形的名詞。如:oneChinese,twoChinese…而TheChinese=ThepeopleofChina要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
[誤]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsareabigsumforme
[正]Thisdictionaryistooexpensiveforme?Tendollarsisabigsumforme
[析]表示一段時(shí)間,一筆金錢,一段距離,都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)名詞。?
[誤]Whoaregoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[正]Whoisgoingtotakepartinourfootballmatch??
[析]用who提問時(shí),習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但which則要視其情況而定,如:whicharebettertheseshoesesorthoseshoes?又如:whichisbetterthisoneorthatone?
[誤]Whatahotweatheritis!?
[誤]Howhottheweatheritis!?
[正]Whathotweatheritis!?
[正]Howhottheweatheris!?
[析]感嘆句是用來表達(dá)說話人的喜怒哀樂的感情。它由what與how作句子的開始,判定是用what還是用how的最好辦法是將它們換為陳述句,比如:Whatthehotweatheritis!應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)換為:Itisthehotweather?那么句子的起點(diǎn)是單詞it。再來看感嘆句中it前有不可數(shù)名詞weather,則只能用what。再看第二句Howhottheweatheris!轉(zhuǎn)為陳述句時(shí)為:Theweatherishot?這時(shí)句子的開始單詞為theweather,再來看感嘆句在theweather前只有形容詞,所以應(yīng)用how。至于是用whata還是what要看名詞的具體情況而定,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加whata其余的加用what。?
[誤]Wehavetosingthis,havewe??
[誤]Wehavetosingthis,haventwe?
[正]Wehavetosingthis,dontwe??
[析]在反意疑問句中除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一些常規(guī)外,有一些例外:
?Letsgohome,shallwe?
Letusgohome,willyou??
Shehadtoleave,didntshe??
Doyourhomeworkatonce,willyou??
Thereisnotmuchgoodnewsintodaysnewspaper,isthere??
Neitherofthemareright,arethey??
Ithinkhewillcometothepartywonthe??
think后的賓語(yǔ)從句,與其他賓語(yǔ)從句不一樣,在初中只有這樣一個(gè)較特殊的詞。這樣的句子的反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)要用賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ),其助動(dòng)詞要用賓語(yǔ)從句的助動(dòng)詞,而肯定還是否定要看主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而定,如:Idontthinkheiscomingtoourparty,ishe?
[誤]Iwanttoknowwheredoeshelive??
[正]Iwanttoknowwherehelives??
[析]賓語(yǔ)從句中一律要用陳述語(yǔ)序,而不用疑問語(yǔ)序。?
[誤]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-NorIhave??
[正]-Ihaventgotaticketforthefootballmatch??
-Nor(Neither)haveI??
[析]nor,neither用在簡(jiǎn)答否定句中時(shí)要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。在肯定句的簡(jiǎn)答句中則要用so,如:Idomyhomeworkveryquickly,SodoesMary??
[誤]Look!Herethebuscomes!?
[正]Look!Herecomesthebus!?
[誤]Look!Herecomeshe!?
[正]Look!Herehecomes??
[析]在there,here打頭的句子中,如果主語(yǔ)是名詞,則要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序;如果是人稱代詞則用一般語(yǔ)序。?
[誤]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Idonthopeso??
[正]DoyouwantMarytogotothecinemawithus??
No,Ihopenot??
[析]我不這樣想,可用Idontthinkso?但hope的否定簡(jiǎn)答句只能用Ihopenot?這是習(xí)慣用法。但這兩個(gè)詞的肯定簡(jiǎn)答句形是一樣的,如:Ithinkso.Ihopeso??
[誤]ThatisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[正]ItisdifficultforustolearnEnglishwell??
[析]It這里的語(yǔ)法作用是形式主語(yǔ),而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)都要用it而不能用that,如:IthinkitdifficulttolearnEnglishwell?it在這句中是think的形式賓語(yǔ)。??
(三) 例題解析?
1? There___apencil?boxonthedesk.?
A.isB. areC.hasD.have
[答案]A.?
[析]Therebe句形中的be動(dòng)詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定,如:Therearetwobooksandapencilonthedesk?但卻可以講Thereisapencilandtwobooksonthedesk??
2? Couldyoutellme___??
A? MrsKingwherelivesB? wheredoesMrsKinglive?
C? whereMrsKinglivesD? MrsKingliveswhere
[答案]C.?
[析]賓語(yǔ)從句中的疑問句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。?
3? Yourbrothercametoseeyou,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? didheD? didnthe?
[答案]D.?
[析]前句是肯定句,后面反意疑問句要用否定句,同時(shí)came為過去時(shí)態(tài),所以應(yīng)用didnthe??
4? Itsgettingcloudy,___??
A? doesitB? doesntitC? isitD? isntit
[答案]D.?
[析]要區(qū)分s是has還是is,這里由getting得出s是is。?
5??。撸撸遦eepmewaitingsolong.?
A? NotB? WontC? DontD? Notto
[答案]C.?
[析]Dont+動(dòng)詞原形為祈始句的否定句。?
6? MrGreenhasntbeentoBeijing,___??
A? hasheB? hasntheC? didheD? didnthe
[答案]A.?
[析]此句has是助動(dòng)詞與過去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。?
7? Youhaveyourlunchatschool,___??
A? haveyouB? haventyouC? doyouD? dontyou?
[答案]D.?
[析]這里的have是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞"吃",而不是助動(dòng)詞。?
8? ___sunnyday!Letsgooutforawalk.?
A? HowaB? HowC? WhataD? What
[答案]C.?
[析]這個(gè)感嘆句是個(gè)省略句,其真實(shí)的句子應(yīng)為Whatasunnydayitis!?
9? -Canyoutellme___??-Sure?Shesanurse??
A? whereisyoursisterB? whereyoursisteris?
C? whatisyoursisterD? whatyoursisteris
[答案]D.?
[析]who問的是姓名,如:Whoishe?HeisSmith?或Heismyfather?What問的是職業(yè),如:Whatishe?Heisateacher??
10? Johnlikeslisteningtotheradio,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? doesntJohnD? doesJohe
[答案]B.?
[析]當(dāng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),反意疑問句應(yīng)用代詞。?
11? NeitheryounorI___ontheteam.?
A? areB? wereC? amD? is
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor…作連接詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與相臨近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)。?
12??。撸撸遜eliciousfood!Idlikesomemore.?
A? whataB? HowaC? WhatD? How
[答案]C.?
[析]因food為不可數(shù)名詞。?
13??。撸撸遲hereacatunderthechair??
A? AreB? IsC? HasD? Have
[答案]B.?
[析]這是therebe句型的疑問句。?
14? Couldyoutellme___??
A? whenthetrainwillarriveB? whenthetrainarrived?
C? whendidthetrainarriveD? whendoesthetrainarrives
[答案]A.?
[析]could用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)疑問句表達(dá)了口氣的委婉,并不是過去時(shí)態(tài)。且賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)句。?
15? -___badweather!?
-Yes,Butitsgoingtobefinesoon,Ithink??
A? HowB? WhataC? WhatanD? What
[答案]D.?
[析]weather為不可數(shù)名詞。?
16? -Couldyoutellme___??
-Yes,They___tothelibrary??
A? wherearethetwins,havebeen
B? wherewerethetwins,havebeen?
C? wherethetwinsare,havegone
D? wherethetwinswere,havegone
[答案]C.?
[析]havebeento是去過什么地方,而現(xiàn)在回來了。havegoneto是到某地去了,人現(xiàn)在不在這里。?
17? Goand___theTVquickly?Thevolleyballmatchwillbeginrightaway.?
A? turnoffB? turndownC? turnupD? turnon?
[答案]D.?
[析]這是個(gè)祈使句,它由and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。注意詞組搭配的不同含義。
18? Letsgoforsometea,___??
A? shallweB? willweC? doweD? dontwe
[答案]A.?
[析]Letsgo…,shallwe?Letusgo…,willyou?這是兩個(gè)特殊的反意疑問句。
19? Joansshort,___??
A? wasntsheB? hasntsheC? isntsheD? doesntshe
[答案]C.?
[析]在此句中應(yīng)視s為is,而不是has或was。?
20? Idontknow___toreadtheword.?
A? whichB? whatC? whoseD? how
[答案]D.?
[析]因不定式toread中的read是及物動(dòng)詞,已有自己的賓語(yǔ)theword,所以應(yīng)用疑問副詞how。?
21? Hedidntgotoschool,___h(yuǎn)ewasill.?
A? forB? butC? andD? so
[答案]A.?
[析]這里是表示因果的關(guān)系,從句表示原因,所以用for,放于句尾,且常常前面有一個(gè)逗號(hào)。so引起的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,如:Hewasonlytwelve,sohecouldntjointhearmy??
22? Theyoungwomancanhardlyrideabike,___she??
A? doesntB? doesC? cantD? can
[答案]D.?
[析]hardly為否定詞,所以應(yīng)視此句為否定句。其后的反意疑問句應(yīng)用肯定句。?
23? TomnevergoestothecinemaonSundays,___??
A? doesheB? doesntheC? isntheD? ishe
[答案]A.?
[析]never也是否定詞,所以應(yīng)將句子看作否定句。?
24? Mothersaidtohim,"Dont___onfootball."?
A? spendtoomuchtimeB? tospendtoomuchtime?
C? spendtoomanytimeD? tospendtoomanytime
[答案]A.?
[析]time作為"時(shí)間"講為不可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用much來修飾。當(dāng)作"次數(shù)"講是可數(shù)名詞,如threetimes三次,而Dont…這一句是祈使句的否定句。?
25? MrWhite,togetherwithsomeJapanesefriends,___visitourschoolthisafternoon.?
A? aregoingtoB? isgoingtoC? haveD? has
[答案]B.?
[析]句子的主語(yǔ)是Mr?White,而togetherwith…是伴隨狀況,不影響句子的主語(yǔ)。?
26? Thereislittlewaterintheglass,___??
A? isitB? isthereC? isntitD? isntthere
[答案]B.?
[析]這是therebe句型的反意疑問句。?
27? Amperewasthinkingaboutamathsproblem,___??
A? didntheB? wasntheC? didheD? ishe
[答案]B.?
[析]這是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的反意疑問句。?
28? Shehadagoodtimeyesterday,___she??
A? wasntB? didntC? hasntD? isnt
[答案]B.?
[析]had這里是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞而不是助動(dòng)詞。?
29? Wellmake___foryouinthefrontofthecar.?
A? aroomB? roomC? roomsD? somerooms
[答案]B.?
[析]room此處為不可數(shù)名詞,意為"地方,空間"。?
30? NeithershenorI___totheGreatwallbefore.?
A? hasgoneB? havegoneC? havebeenD? hasbeen
[答案]C.?
[析]由neither…nor連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)。?
31? Helpmecollectthesebooks,___??
A? areyouB? willyouC? doyouD? shallyou
[答案]B.?
[析]祈使句的反意疑問句應(yīng)用willyou,而Letsgo例外,其反意疑問句為shallwe?
32? Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses
___changemuchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.?
A? dontB? doesntC? isntD? didnt
[答案]B.?
[析]thenumberof為"……的數(shù)量、數(shù)目",所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。而anumberof要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。?
33? Sheshadbreakfast,___??
A? issheB? isntsheC? hasntsheD? hasshe?
[答案]C.?
[析]這里的s應(yīng)視為has??
34? Iwonder___.?
A? whosebicycleisitB? itiswhosebicycle?
C? isitwhosebicycleD? whosebicycleitis
[答案]D.?
[析]wonder后的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序。?
35? Itisgoodforus___morningexercises.?
A? doB? todoC? didD? done
[答案]B.?
[析]這里的it是形式主語(yǔ),而真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式todo…?
36? Peterhassportsveryoften,___??
A? does,PeterB? doesntheC? doesntPeterD? doeshe?
[答案]B.?
[析]has這里是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,而主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)其反意疑問句中的主語(yǔ)要用代詞。
37? Mr?Blacksaid,"Jenny,dontbelatetomorrow?"?
Mr?BlacktoldJenny___.?
A? dontbelatetomorrowB? didntbelatetomorrow?
C? notbelatenextmorningD? nottobelatethenextday
[答案]D.?
[析]tell一般要加雙賓語(yǔ),其間接賓語(yǔ)是Jenny,直接賓語(yǔ)是不定式。而這里用的是不定式的否定形式。?
38? LiMeireadthenewspapertothegranny,___??
A? doessheB? didntsheC? didsheD? wasntshe
[答案]B.?
[析]read這里是過去時(shí)態(tài),因其主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù),而read并未加s所以是過去時(shí)態(tài)。(read的過去時(shí)與過去分詞都是read,只不過讀音不同)?
2013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法連詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)
教案課件是老師不可缺少的課件,大家應(yīng)該要寫教案課件了。在寫好了教案課件計(jì)劃后,這樣接下來工作才會(huì)更上一層樓!你們到底知道多少優(yōu)秀的教案課件呢?以下是小編為大家收集的“2013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法連詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)”希望對(duì)您的工作和生活有所幫助。
連詞(一)知識(shí)概要?
連詞是一種在句子與句子之間,短語(yǔ)之間以及名詞等其他詞語(yǔ)之間起連接作用的虛詞,它不能單獨(dú)作句子的成份。按其意義可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。?并列連詞連接的雙方是對(duì)等的。常有的并列連詞有and,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas等。但如果連接的兩部分意義不趨向一致,意義有轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞有:but,however,while(而),only(只不過)。還有表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞,如:or,orelse,otherwise…再有的是連接雙方,互為因果,或表示前因后果的連詞有:for,so,therefore(因此),then等。?從屬連詞在初中范圍內(nèi)常常用來連接名詞性從句,如:that,if,whether,其次用來連接狀語(yǔ)從句。其中有原因狀語(yǔ)從句,常用的連接詞有:whenwhile,as,since,before,after,once,assoonas,until,till連接條件狀語(yǔ)的連詞有:if,unless,aslongas等,而原因狀語(yǔ)的連接詞有because,since,as,nowthat(既然)。目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較、地點(diǎn)等狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有:sothat,so…that,such…that,as…as,than,where…它們?cè)诰渥优c文章中幾乎無處不見。?具體用法見下表。?
連詞用法一覽表
種類功用例句
并列連詞連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞HeknowsneitherEnglishnorFrench.
短語(yǔ)Areyougoingbybusoronfoot?
分句Marywasagoodgirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.
從屬連詞引導(dǎo):狀語(yǔ)從句Illdoitasyoutoldme.
Youwillbelateunlessyouhurry.
連接代詞和連接副詞主語(yǔ)從句Whathesaidprovedtrue.
Whenwellstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.
表語(yǔ)從句Thisiswhyhedidntcomeyesterday.
Thatiswherehelives.
賓語(yǔ)從句ThemanaskedmewhichIlikedbest.?
Icantunderstandwhysheissolate.
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞定語(yǔ)從句Nicotineisadrugthatgetsoneintothehabitofsmoking.?
HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
(二)正誤辨析?
[誤]Bothmyparentsarenothere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?
[正]Neitherofmyparentsishere.Theywenttotheconcertjustnow.?
[析]在英語(yǔ)中both一般用于肯定句中,如用于否定句中,其意義也不同于漢語(yǔ),如:Bothofusarenotright.在英語(yǔ)中應(yīng)被理解為"我們倆不都對(duì)。"而Neitherofusisright。才能被理解為"我們倆無一正確"。?
[誤]Heorhisparentshassometicketsforthefilm.?
[正]Heorhisparentshavesometicketsforthefilm.?
[析]由or連接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與相臨近的那一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。?
[誤]Youshouldstudyhard,andyouwontpasstheexam.?
[正]Youshouldstudyhard,oryouwontpasstheexam.?
[析]or作為連詞,這里的意思為"否則"。又如:Hurryup,oryoullbelateforschool.
[誤]Thoughheispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Thoughheispoor,heisreadytohelpothers.?
[正]Heispoor,butheisreadytohelpothers.?
[析]"雖然……但是"是中文中的常用結(jié)構(gòu),但在英文中用了"雖然"則不要用"但是",用了"但是"則不能再用"雖然",二者只可用其一。?
[誤]EitheryouorIareonduty.?
[正]EitheryouorIamonduty.?
[析]either…or連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與相臨近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng),這也叫作就近原則。類似的用法還有or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等。?
[誤]TomisourEnglishteacherandteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[正]TomisourEnglishteacherandisteachingEnglishinourschoolnow.?
[析]并列句中常常在后面的句子中作一些省略,以免重復(fù),但不是所有詞都可作任意的省略的。當(dāng)你連接的是兩個(gè)系動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面的那個(gè)系動(dòng)詞不可省略,也就是講連接的部分不可省略。?
[誤]Myfatherlikesswimmingandtocollectstamps.?
[正]Myfatherlikesswimmingandcollectingstamps.?
[析]由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)部分要保持相等的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)。如是動(dòng)名詞則都用動(dòng)名詞,如用不定式則都應(yīng)用不定式,這是初學(xué)者要注意的一點(diǎn)。?
[誤]Myfatherisreadinganewspaper,Iamdoingmyhomework.?
[正]MyfatherisreadinganewspaperwhileIamdoingmyhomework.?
[析]兩個(gè)并列句中間不可用逗號(hào)連接,要用并列連詞來連接。?
[誤]MyfatheraskedmethatifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[正]MyfatheraskedmeifIwantedtolearnhowtodrive.?
[析]賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞只能有一個(gè)不能重復(fù)使用。?
[誤]WewillgobothtoBeijingandShanghai.?
[正]WewillgotobothBeijingandShanghai.?
[析]用both…and…作連接詞時(shí),其相連接的部分結(jié)構(gòu)也要相同。?
[誤]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersisgoingtodance.?
[正]NotonlyMarybutalsoherbrothersaregoingtodance.?
[析]由notonly…butalso…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其重點(diǎn)在其后面的那一個(gè)主語(yǔ),所以謂語(yǔ)形式應(yīng)采用就近原則。?
[誤]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsarecoming.?
[正]Theteacheraswellashisstudentsiscoming.?
[析]由aswellas連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與aswellas后面的名詞無關(guān),而與前面的名詞相一致。?
[誤]Tomdoesnotswimnorplayfootball.?
[正]Tomdoesnotswimorplayfootball.?
[析]nor主要用于連接句子的對(duì)等連詞,如在否定句中連接某一部分時(shí)要用or,但要注意句子的含意,如:Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacoworahorse.這個(gè)動(dòng)物既不像牛也不像馬。Thisanimaldoesnotlikeacowbutahorse.這個(gè)動(dòng)物不像牛而像馬。?
[誤]Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.
[正]Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.
[析]由for引出的原因狀語(yǔ)從句在使用時(shí)要注意不能將該從句置于句首,而應(yīng)置于主句之后,并在主句與從句之間加一逗號(hào)。更要注意的是because,as,since與for4個(gè)表示原因的連詞中because是因果關(guān)系,是最強(qiáng)的一個(gè),而for是最弱的一個(gè)。有些語(yǔ)法書中干脆把for叫做并列連詞
[誤]MybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[正]ThatmybrotherwillpasstheEnglishexamisnoquestion.?
[析]主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that是不可省略的。這一點(diǎn)不要和賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相提并論。
[誤]Thismapwillshowyouhowwillyougettothehotel.?
[正]Thismapwillshowyouhowyouwillgettothehotel.
[析]名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)從句使用時(shí),最重要的一點(diǎn)是要用陳述語(yǔ)句。特別要注意的是那些使用雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,如:tell,ask,show…?
[誤]Whiletheclockstruchten,allthelightswentout.?
[正]Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.?
[析]while是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作在同時(shí)進(jìn)行中,如:WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而這里的when是"正當(dāng)某某時(shí)刻","就在這一時(shí)間點(diǎn)上",其重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一特定時(shí)刻某動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。?
[誤]WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.?
[析]這里用when表達(dá)在一個(gè)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行中,另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用一進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而突然發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)態(tài)。?
[誤]WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.?
[正]WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.?
[析]while不能表達(dá)一點(diǎn)兒的時(shí)間,即瞬時(shí)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)。?
[誤]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,orothersgotothelibrary.
[正]Afterschoolsomestudentsplayfootball,whileothersgotothelibrary.
[析]while在此處意為"而,然而"。?
[誤]Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[正]Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.?
[析]as用于句中時(shí),其要點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行。這里用when雖然不能講是語(yǔ)法上的錯(cuò)誤,但則看不出來小女孩因獨(dú)自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。?
[誤]Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.?
[正]Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.
[析]until用在句中時(shí)其含義是某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某時(shí)結(jié)束,那么句中的動(dòng)詞則一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如果要用瞬間,或截止性動(dòng)詞時(shí)一定要用否定句式。因截止性動(dòng)作的否定式應(yīng)看作是持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。如離開leave是瞬間動(dòng)作,因一出門即為離開了,而不離開則是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的。?
[誤]IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.?
[正]IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.?
[析]since引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是表達(dá)了一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),而這個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)是主句動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn),所以主句一般要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。?
[誤]Becausehedidntstudyhard,sohedidntpasstheexam.?
[正]Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.?
[析]because與so在英文中兩者不能并用的,只能在句中用其一。?
[誤]Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.
[正]Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.?
[析]so與such的用法可以分為四種情況,①用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,其格式是such+不定冠詞+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容詞+不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如:Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.②在不可數(shù)名詞前或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前這時(shí)只能用such,如:Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如:Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.③在few,little,much,many這4個(gè)字前只能用so而不能用such,如:IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.④當(dāng)that前只有形容詞或副詞時(shí),這時(shí)只能用so,如:Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.?
[誤]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
[正]Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastocatchthefirstbus.?
[正]Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.?
[析]so…that與sothat的用法有相同之處,那就是其后接從句,而soasto其后要接不定式,即動(dòng)詞原形。這樣的詞組還有:inorderto。?
[誤]Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.?
[正]Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.?
[析]thesame…as(that)這是個(gè)固定用法,在same前的定冠詞是不能少的。而thesame…that意為"我要的就是那一個(gè)"。而thesame…as為"要的是和……一樣的東西"。
[誤]BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?
[正]BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.?
[析]這種錯(cuò)誤是由于受中文的影響。在中文中可以講"我沒給你答案前"。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。?
(三)例題解析?
1?WeboughtGrannyapresent,___shedidntlikeit.?
A.butB.and
C.orD.so?
[答案]A.?
[析]由于句意的原因,應(yīng)選擇轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。?
2?Runquickly,___wellmisstheearlytrain.?
A.andB.but
C.soD.or?
[答案]D.?
[析]or這里應(yīng)譯為:否則。?
3?Illgivethebooktohim___h(yuǎn)ecomesback.?
A.sinceB.assoonas
C.beforeD.until?
[答案]B.?
[析]assoonas引出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。?
4?Dontcrosstheroad___thelightturnsgreen.?
A.whenB.while
C.untilD.as?
[答案]C.?
[析]until應(yīng)譯為"直到……才",因?yàn)榍懊娴钠硎咕錇榉穸ň?。又如:Shedidnotgotobeduntilhermothercameback.應(yīng)譯為"直到她媽媽回來她才睡覺"。?
5?MissGaohasbeenateacher___1990.?
A.beforeB.after
C.sinceD.in?
[答案]C.?
[析]因?yàn)橹骶錇橥瓿蓵r(shí),所以應(yīng)用since表示該動(dòng)作的啟始點(diǎn)。?
6?-Whichwouldyoulikebetter,tea___milk??
-Tea,please.?
A.butB.and
C.orD.with?
[答案]C.?
[析]在疑問句與否定句中應(yīng)用or來表示一種選擇。?
7?Welovespring___theresbeautifulflowerseverywhere.?
A.thoughB.but
C.orD.because?
[答案]D.?
[析]因?yàn)檫@里表示的是因果關(guān)系。?
8?Pleaseleave___7∶00,thenyoullbeabletoget___thereearlier.?
A.till,inB.from,/
C.before,/D.behind,to?
[答案]C.?
[析]before為在7∶00之前離開。?
9?Theteacherdidntbeginthelesson___allthestudentsstoppedtalking.?
A.untilB.after
C.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]這句應(yīng)譯為"直到所有的學(xué)生都停止講話老師才開始上課"。因begin為瞬間動(dòng)詞,所以應(yīng)用否定句。?
10?Bettydidntgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.
A.butB.until
C.ifD.because?
[答案]D.?
[析]這里是表示因果關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)用because。因?yàn)樗×怂晕慈タ措娪啊?
11?Youmuststartrightnow,___youllmissthetrain.?
A.forB.and
C.soD.or?
[答案]D.?
[析]or譯為"否則"。本句句意為:你必須馬上走了,否則要趕不上火車了。?
12?___h(yuǎn)eisachildofsix,hecanreadandwrite.?
A.WhoseB.If
C.ThoughD.Because?
[答案]C.?
[析]這種狀語(yǔ)從句在英語(yǔ)中稱為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)譯為:雖然他才是個(gè)6歲的孩子,他卻可以讀書和寫字。?
13?Ilikefish,___chicken,___eggs.?
A.and,andB.and,with
C./,andD.and,/?
[答案]C.
[析]在有若干個(gè)名詞或動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí),每一個(gè)詞之間只用逗號(hào)連接,只在最后兩個(gè)詞之間加and。如:Theoldmanpassedthestreet,wentintoashopandboughtsomefood。
14?Takethisdictionarywithyou___youmayuseitinclass.?
A.whenB.inorderto
C.butD.sothat?
[答案]D.?
[析]sothat應(yīng)譯為"為的是"。本句句義為:帶上字典,為的是在上課時(shí)可能有用。而inorderto其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式,如:Takethisdictionarywithyouinordertouseitinclass。?
15?Ihope___willbefinetomorrow.?
A.itB.what
C.whetherD.when?
[答案]A.?
[析]hope后接的是賓語(yǔ)從句,而且賓語(yǔ)從句中少主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用it來代替天氣。?
16?___shewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouther.?
A.ThoughB.As
C.WhenD.Becauseof?
[答案]B.?
[析]as這里應(yīng)譯為"由于"。全句意為:由于她不舒服,我決定不帶她去了。而becauseof其后不能接從句只能接賓語(yǔ)。如:Becauseoftheheavyrain,wedecidednottogo。
17?Myauntboughtme___manystorybooksthatIspentalotoftimethem.?
A.such…onB.such…in
C.too…inD?so…on?
[答案]D.?
[析]因many前只能用so來修飾,所以只能選擇D選項(xiàng)。而spend…onsomething為在某事上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。如:Shespentalotofmoneyonherclothes。?
18?Motherwascooking___she___aknockatthedoor.?
A.when,listentoB.while,listenedto?
C.while,heardD.when,heard?
[答案]D.?
[析]when在這里應(yīng)譯為:就在那時(shí),那一刻,那一瞬間。?
19?Speakslowly,___wecanunderstandyou.?
A.andB.or
C.ifD.because?
[答案]A.?
[析]and這里是并列連詞,應(yīng)譯為:請(qǐng)講慢些這樣我們就會(huì)明白你的意思。?
20?YoulllearnEnglishwell___youputyourheartintoit.?
A.ifB.so
C.untilD.or?
[答案]A.?
[析]本句譯為:如果你將心放在學(xué)習(xí)上,你就會(huì)將英語(yǔ)學(xué)好。這里的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象是從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。?
21?Iwontletyouin___youshowmeyourpass.?
A.untilB.for
C.sinceD.because?
[答案]A.?
22?Shedidntgotoschool___shewasill.?
A.whyB.because
C.whereD.but?
[答案]B.?
2013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法代詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)
一般給學(xué)生們上課之前,老師就早早地準(zhǔn)備好了教案課件,大家在認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備自己的教案課件了吧。只有制定教案課件工作計(jì)劃,可以更好完成工作任務(wù)!你們了解多少教案課件范文呢?為滿足您的需求,小編特地編輯了“2013年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法代詞考點(diǎn)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)”,供大家參考,希望能幫助到有需要的朋友。
代詞(一)知識(shí)概要
英語(yǔ)中代詞可以分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。?人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請(qǐng)看下表
人稱我你他她它我們你們他們
主格iyouhesheitweyouthey
賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem
物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。請(qǐng)看下表?
人稱我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的
形容詞性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey
名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
反身代詞可見下表
人稱我你他她它我們你們他們
反身代詞myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves
指示代詞主要有this,that,these,those
疑問代詞有:who,whomwhose,what,which,
還有疑問副詞when,how,where,why。
不定代詞在初中課本中主要有some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…
(二)正誤辨析
[誤]Tomsmotheristallerthanmy.
[正]Tomsmotheristallerthanmine.
[析]形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語(yǔ),也就是講它可以作形容詞,如:mybook,而這句話的意思是:湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對(duì)象是mymother,也就是mine。
[誤]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.
[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.
[析]在應(yīng)用代詞時(shí),要注意人稱,格與數(shù)的一致性。這里it所代替的是不可數(shù)名詞homework,所以應(yīng)用it。
[誤]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.
[析]這主要是英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上的用法。當(dāng)兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列時(shí)其排列順序一般為you,he,she,I,而復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)為we,you,they:如男女并列時(shí),應(yīng)先男后女,如:Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí),單數(shù)時(shí)用,I,he,she,you,復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用They,you,we,如:TomandIaregoodfriends.
You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.
We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.
I,heandyouhavetopayforit.
[誤]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.
[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.
[析]由either…or,neither…nor,or連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果兩主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí),用單數(shù)代詞,如兩主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)代詞,如:Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一單一復(fù)兩名詞時(shí),一般將單數(shù)名詞放在前,復(fù)數(shù)名詞放在后,要用復(fù)數(shù)代詞,如:Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.
[誤]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.
[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.
[析]than是連詞,其后應(yīng)視為省略句,thanheis.所以要注意區(qū)分其主格與賓格的用法。
Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.
[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.
[析]as…as其后也應(yīng)看作是省略句。應(yīng)為asIlikeher.所以應(yīng)用賓格。而第一句應(yīng)譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語(yǔ)法都是對(duì)的但含義不同。
[誤]Myselfdidityesterday.
[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.
[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.
[析]反身代詞不可作主語(yǔ),但可以用作主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)。?
[誤]Takecareofourselves.
[正]Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)
[析]祈始句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)看作第二人稱you.
[誤]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.
[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.
[析]反身代詞不能作介詞賓語(yǔ),除非是由不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞組成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),如:Theoldwomanspoketoherself.
[誤]Makeyourselfhome.
[正]Makeyourselfathome.
[析]這是英語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法,意為“像在家里一樣”。這樣的用法還有:?
enjoyoneself玩得開心makeyourselfathome像在家中一樣
helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路
seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣
[誤]— Whosthisspeaking.— ThatsMary.
[正]— Whosthatspeaking.— ThisisMary.
[析]在電話用語(yǔ)中,this指講話人自己,而that指對(duì)方。
[誤]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.
[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.
[析]在比較句中往往為了避免重復(fù),可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是單數(shù)時(shí)用that,復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用those,如:TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.
[誤]Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.
[正]Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.
[析]在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)可用so+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞+that從句,也可用such+不定冠詞+形容詞+that從句。在不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),只用such,如:ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little這4個(gè)詞前僅能用so,如:Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so與that之間僅存形容詞時(shí),則不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.
[誤]Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.
[正]Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.
[析]same與定冠詞the是固定搭配不可更改。這樣的用法還有allthesame(仍然)。
[誤]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Idonthopeso.
[正]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Ihopenot.
[析]在作肯定回答時(shí),Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答時(shí)為:Idontthinkso.Ihope/believenot.
[誤]— Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.
[正]—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.
[誤]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.
[正]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.
[析]在對(duì)話中如果某一動(dòng)作同時(shí)適用于兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),這時(shí)在答語(yǔ)中要用縮寫且要用倒裝句。如第一組句,即studiedhard既適用于he,也適用于she.但答語(yǔ)僅僅是對(duì)前句的重復(fù),即僅僅是第一句的縮寫時(shí)則不要用倒裝句。如第二組句子為:英語(yǔ)難學(xué)。答語(yǔ)為:是的,難學(xué)。這時(shí)縮寫的答語(yǔ)不要用倒裝句。
[誤]Everyoneshoulddoonesbest.
[正]Everyoneshoulddohisbest.
[析]one作代詞時(shí),它的復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones,所有格形式是ones,反身代詞為oneself.如果講Oneshoulddoonesbest.則是對(duì)句。如果one與別的詞組成其他詞,如:someone,anyone,everyone或onlyone則要用his/her,來作其所有格形式。
[誤]—Whowonthegame?—None.
[正]—Whowonthegame?—Noone.
[析]由who提問的句子的否定回答中的簡(jiǎn)略說法是noone,而由Howmany提問的句子的否定回答中的簡(jiǎn)略語(yǔ)是None.如:Howmanybooksarethere?None.
[誤]Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.
[正]Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.
[析]either作代詞時(shí)由兩個(gè)含意,其一是兩者中隨便哪一個(gè),如:Youcantakeeither.其二是兩者中的每一個(gè)。但要注意的是either后要加單數(shù)名詞,如果作主語(yǔ)則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。
[誤]EitheryouorIareright.
[正]EitheryouorIamright.
[析]在either…or,或neither…nor連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與和其相近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相配。
[誤]Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.
[正]Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.
[析]neither用于兩者中無一是,而none則用于多于兩者中的人或事物無一是。
[誤]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera.Idontliketoo.
[正]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera,Idontlikeeither.
[析]either作為“也”講時(shí),要用于否定句中,而too則用于肯定句中。
[誤]Welikeboththislittleboy.
[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.
[析]both作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),它在句中的位置有:在be動(dòng)詞之后,如:Wearebothstudents.在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,如:Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助動(dòng)詞之后,如:WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用時(shí)要注意以下句子的實(shí)際含意:Bothofusarenotright.應(yīng)譯為:我們倆不都對(duì)。Neitherofusisright.才應(yīng)譯為:我倆都不對(duì)。又如:Icantgiveyoubothofthebooks.意為:兩本書我不能全給你,而Icantgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才為:兩本書我全不能給你。
[誤]Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.
[正]Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.
[析]each作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,如:EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell,但each作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),則應(yīng)以原名詞的數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。
[誤]Everyofushastopasstheexam.
[正]Eachofushastopasstheexam.
[析]every只可作形容詞,不可作代詞,而each既可作形容詞,又可作代詞,在作形容詞時(shí)each側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,而every則側(cè)重于全體。
[誤]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[正]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.
[析]everyone不可與of結(jié)構(gòu)相連接使用,而everyone則可以這樣用。
[誤]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[正]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.
[析]要注意的是everyday是“每天”,而everyday則是形容詞為“日常的”。如:everydayEnglish日常英語(yǔ),everydaylife日常生活。
[誤]Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.
[正]Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.
[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一個(gè),而each用于二者或二者以上的每一個(gè)。因?yàn)榻值乐挥袃蓚?cè),所以只能用each而不能用every.
[誤]Allmyparentsareengineers.
[正]Bothmyparentsareengineers.
[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both則用于兩者的全部。
[誤]Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[正]Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.
[析]非特指的名詞前可用all但不可用allof結(jié)構(gòu),也就是講allof結(jié)構(gòu)后面的名詞前一定要有定冠詞。其他與all有關(guān)的習(xí)慣用法還有:
alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter
[誤]Theallvillagewasflooded.
[正]Allthevillagewasflooded.
[析]all作修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)要用在所有修飾詞之前。
[誤]Thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.
[正]Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.
[析]單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞如在泛指某一個(gè)時(shí)用another,而特指時(shí)則要用theother,因街道只有兩邊,而不在這邊必定是在另一邊,所以要用特指。請(qǐng)參考下表的用法以便于記憶。
單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
泛指another形容詞作定語(yǔ)作名詞
another代詞otherothers
特指theother形容詞
theother代詞
theothertheothers
[誤]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstudents?
[正]Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers?
[正]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents?
[析]theothers=theotherstudents.
[誤]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,anotherisadoctor.
[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.
[析]another用于泛指,如:Isitfarfromheretothestation?Imsorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指時(shí)則要用theother.它可以用作定語(yǔ),theotherone,也可以用作代詞theother,但theother用作代詞時(shí)它的含意一定是單數(shù)。如果指三者或者三者以上的情況時(shí),則要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…
[誤]Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.
[正]Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.
[析]在泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前用some…others…others…來表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。
[誤]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.
[正]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.
[析]everyotherday為每隔一天。是習(xí)慣用法,不要隨意改動(dòng)。又如:ontheotherhand另一方面。
[誤]Manyknowhim,butfewlikeshim.
[正]Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.
[析]few用于可數(shù)名詞,意為幾乎沒有,但few作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,而afew為有一些。
[誤]Youhavefewfriends,haventyou?
[正]Youhavefewfriends,haveyou?
[析]little與few用于句中時(shí),均要按否定句看待。
[誤]Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.
[正]Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.
[析]much用于不可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。而many用于可數(shù)名詞,它作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
[誤]Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.
[正]Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.
[析]enough可以用作代詞,如:Thereisenoughofthefood.又如:Enoughhasbeendoneforthework,但enough還可以作形容詞來修飾名詞,這時(shí)enough可以放在名詞之前,也可放在名詞之后,如:moneyenough與enoughmoney都是對(duì)的。但當(dāng)enough作副詞修飾形容詞時(shí),則只能置于形容詞之后了。
[誤]Iwantanybookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[正]Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveany?
[析]按照語(yǔ)法any用于疑問句和否定句,而some用于肯定句。
[誤]Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink?
[正]Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
[析]在由wouldyoulike發(fā)出的問句中,表達(dá)了說話者真心實(shí)意要為對(duì)方提供些飲料,或在說話者想得到對(duì)方的肯定答復(fù)時(shí),在疑問句中要用some而不用any。
[誤]Someonewanttomeetyou.
[正]Someonewantstomeetyou.
[析]不定代詞應(yīng)被看作單數(shù),即使用and連接兩個(gè)不定代詞,也要看作單數(shù),如:?Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人,每一個(gè)人都有這樣的權(quán)力。
[誤]NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.
[正]ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.
[析]it常常用在英文的句子中來代表時(shí)間、距離、天氣、自然現(xiàn)象,或用在句中作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),如:
Itistenoclocknow.(代時(shí)間)
Itisfarfromheretotheairport.(代距離)
Itisveryhot.(代天氣)
ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(作形式主語(yǔ))
Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.(作形式賓語(yǔ))
[誤]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomany.
[正]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomuch.
[析]這里much所代的應(yīng)是飲料或水,所以應(yīng)為不可數(shù)名詞。
(三)例題解析
1Theseare___books.Yoursareoverthere.
AIBmyCmeDmine?
[答案]B.
[析]這里應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。?
2—___isshe?
—Sheisateacher.
AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]這里的四個(gè)疑問詞放在問句中全都成立,但其意義不同。Whatisshe?應(yīng)譯為“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而Howisshe?應(yīng)譯為“她身體如何?”而Whoisshe?應(yīng)譯為“她是誰(shuí)?”其答語(yǔ)應(yīng)為“她叫什么名字?!倍鳺hereisshe?應(yīng)為“她在什么地方?”由答語(yǔ)決定了這道題的選擇。
3___iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped___.
ASomething,workingBSomething,towork
CAnything,workingDAnything,towork?
[答案]A.
[析]因?yàn)槭强隙ň渌詰?yīng)用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,則stop后要用動(dòng)名詞。
4Mary,help___tothebananas,please.
AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves?
[答案]C.
[析]helponeselftosomething為“自己拿某物”。yourself為“你一個(gè)人”,而yourselves為“你們”。
5—___doyougotoschooleveryday?
—Bybus.
AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere?
[答案]A.
[析]這題的答案是由問句決定的。?
6Myskirtis___popularthan___.
Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers?
[答案]D.
[析]因句中有than,所以應(yīng)選用比較級(jí),而than后要選用名詞性物主代詞。
7—CanyouspeakEnglish?
—Yes,butonly___.
AfewBafewClittleDalittle
[答案]D.
[析]因會(huì)講某種語(yǔ)言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可數(shù)名詞對(duì)待,此答語(yǔ)為:是的,但僅僅會(huì)講一點(diǎn)。
8Mr. Smithisanoldfriendof___.
AIBmeCmyDmine?
[答案]D.
[析]這里應(yīng)選名詞性物主代詞,這也是英語(yǔ)的一種習(xí)慣用法,而不要選擇my。
9“___doyouhearfromyourparents?”
“Aboutonceamonth.”
AHowlongBHowmany
CHowoftenDHowmuch?
[答案]C.
[析]Howoften問的是某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率,即在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生多少次。
10MrGreenwouldntsay___atthemeeting.
AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething?
[答案]C.
[析]在否定句中應(yīng)用anything
11“Mum,Annscomingtonight.Letsgiveher___toeat.”
“Goodidea!”
AanythingniceBniceanything
CsomethingniceDnicesomething?
[答案]C.
[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應(yīng)放其后而不要放在其前面。
12—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?
—Idontmind.___timeisOK.
ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth?
[答案]C.
[析]因如選用both則名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)名詞,也要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,由于答語(yǔ)前有Idontmind則決定不能選擇neither.
13Thisisnotherkite, but___.
AhesBhimCheDhis?
[答案]D.
[析]要注意“他的”名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。?
14Dontworry,Mum!___newsisgoodnews.Imsuredaddywillcomebacksoon.
ANoBManyCThoseDTwo
?[答案]A.
[析]這是一條諺語(yǔ),即沒有消息就是好消息。?
15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas___applesthanhe.
AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer?
[答案]C.
[析]由于是比較級(jí),根據(jù)題意應(yīng)選“多于”而不是“少于”。?
16Thereisnt___intodaysnewspaper.
Aanythinginteresting
Bsomethinginteresting
Cnothinginteresting
Dinterestinganything
[答案]A.
[析]由于句子是否定句,應(yīng)選擇anything,而且不定代詞的修飾語(yǔ)應(yīng)放在其后面。
17September10this___Day?
ATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers
[答案]D.
[析]教師節(jié)TeachersDay,兒童節(jié)ChildrensDay,婦女節(jié)WomensDay
18—InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?
—___
ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.?
[答案]C.
[析]在答語(yǔ)中用簡(jiǎn)略方式表達(dá)上文的一個(gè)動(dòng)作同樣適用于另一個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),則要采用倒裝句,但如果僅僅是對(duì)上句的重復(fù)則不要倒裝。?
19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?
—Sorry.Iwont.Ihave___todothere.
AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing?
[答案]D.
[析]這個(gè)答案的選擇應(yīng)由上下兩句對(duì)話內(nèi)容作出決定。?
20—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?
—___Sam___Bruce.Itwasthecat.
ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor意為既不……也不……
21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.___areclimbingthehill.
AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother
?
[答案]A.
[析]這里因?yàn)槭谴鎻?fù)數(shù)名詞,所以應(yīng)用名詞性的復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。?
22Sheisnotanurse.Imnot___.
AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo?
[答案]B.
[析]在否定句中該用either,而不用too和also.
23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,___isblue.
AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers?
[答案]A.
[析]兩者中的另一個(gè)應(yīng)為特指。而且應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數(shù)代名詞。others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞,而theothers是特指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞。
24Sorry,Icantansweryourquestion.
Iknow___aboutthesubject.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]A.
[析]中文講我對(duì)此知道的不多,而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。
25Mysisterdoesntlikeskating___.
ASodoIBSoIdont
CNeitherIdontDNeitherdoI?
[答案]D.
[析]這是表達(dá)上面否定句中的動(dòng)作,也同樣不適合
于第二個(gè)人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒裝句。
26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,___.
Ayou,heandIBI,youandhe
Che,IandyouDyou,Iandhe?
[答案]A.
[析]這是若干人稱代詞并列時(shí)的順序問題。請(qǐng)參看辨析中的例子。?
27Allthestudentsarebusy,so___ofthemwillgototheconcert.
AmanyBlittleCafewDfew?
[答案]D.
[析]student為可數(shù)名詞。
28Theteachergave___studentanewbook.
AnobodyBbothCeachDany?
[答案]C.
[析]both其后的名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù),而any用于疑問句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
29Blackisneitherateacher___aworker.
AorBeitherCnorDand?
[答案]C.
[析]neither…nor為“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。
30Ourteachergaveus___onstudying.
AmanyadvicesBsomeadvices
CanadviceDsomeadvice?
[答案]D.
[析]advice為不可數(shù)名詞。some可用于可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞之前。
31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One___isfromJapan,isfromAmerica.
AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers?
[答案]C.
[析]因?yàn)槭莾烧咧械囊粋€(gè),所以另一個(gè)應(yīng)用單數(shù)特指代詞。?
32Arethere___onthetable?
AsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups?
[答案]D.
[析]此句是疑問句,應(yīng)用anycups,因提問時(shí)的be動(dòng)詞用的是are。
33Ivejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,___areAmericanstamps.
AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers?
[答案]B.
[析]此空應(yīng)填入主語(yǔ)。又因其范圍已定,所以應(yīng)選特指的代名詞。theother只能用作單數(shù),而others是泛指復(fù)數(shù)代名詞,故只能選B。
34Itwas___finedaythattheywenttothepark.
AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch?
[答案]C.
[析]在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前可以有兩種表達(dá)法,即such+不定冠詞+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式,如:suchagoodday,或者用so加形容詞+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),如:sogoodaday.
35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So___peoplelikedtakingtrains.
AlittleBalittleCfewDafew?
[答案]C.
[析]這是英文的表達(dá)法與中文不同之處。中文講只有少數(shù)人喜歡坐火車,英文要選用“few”。
36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach___.
AotherBanotherCothersDtheother?
[答案]A.
[析]eachother意為“互相”,是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。
37___isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.
AManBOneCThatDIt?
[答案]D.
[析]這里的真正主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主語(yǔ)只能用it.
38Janehassentseveralletters,but___ofthemhavebeenanswered.
AallBbothCeitherDnone?
[答案]D.
[析]severalletters意為“若干信件”,應(yīng)看作多于兩者,則在A、D中作選擇,僅D符合句意。
39Idontknow___aboutthenewheadmaster.
AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything?
[答案]D.
[析]否定句中應(yīng)用anything.
40___ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.
ANoBNoneCNotDNeither?
[答案]B.