小學(xué)語(yǔ)文微課教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間：2021-01-05分詞要點(diǎn)。
分詞要點(diǎn)
1.havesbdo=makesbdo:havemedothejob
havesbdoing:havemewaitingforhours
havesthdone:被動(dòng)關(guān)系havemybikerepaired
havetrouble/difficulty(in)doing/haveahardtime(in)doing
won’thavesbdoing:決不允許Iwon’thaveyoucheating
2.getsbtodo:gettheworkertofixthemachine
getsthdoing:getthecargoing
getsthdone:getthecarstarted
getdonegetcaught/promoted/paid
3.makesbdo:makemewait
makesb/sthdonemakeoneselfunderstood/makemyviewknown
4.keepsb/sthdoingkeepmewaiting
keepsb/sthdonekeepmeinformedofthenews
keepsb/sthfromdoingkeepmefromwaiting
5.leavesb/sthdoingleavemethinking/wondering
leavesb/sthdoneleavethejobunfinished
6.setsbdoingsetuslaughing
7.startsb/sthdoingstartusthinking
8.sendsb/sthdoingsenduswondering
9.wantsbtodowantmetohelphim
wantsth(tobe)donewantthejob(tobe)done
10wishsbtodowishyoutowin
wishsth(tobe)donewishmyselftoldthetruth
11.catchsbdoing當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住某人做…
12.remainstanding/sitting/thinking仍然
remainseated/untouched/unfinished仍然
remaintobesolved/discovered/found有待（被動(dòng)式）
13udgingfrom…,從判斷
Speakingof/Talkingof/Thinkingof….,談及
Considering….,鑒于/考慮到
Generallyspeaking/大體而言Franklyspeaking坦白而言
14with結(jié)構(gòu)，
Hecamein,withagirlstandingbesidehim.
,withhishandstied.
,withaguninhishand.
,guninhand（沒有a,沒有one’s）
,withnoshoeson.
,withthedooropen.(withthedoorclosed/shut)
Withalotofworktodo,Istayedatthecompany.
15Theaccidentthathappenedyesterdaywashorrible.正確(不能用happening做定語(yǔ)，ing分詞表示正在進(jìn)行)
Theaccidenthappenedyesterdaywashorrible.錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)橛袃蓚€(gè)謂語(yǔ)
Thereisacarcoming.
16Thisisthebestfilmevermade.(不用havingbeenmade)
注意：havingdone/havingbeendone/nothavingdone/nothavingbeendone不能做定語(yǔ)，只能做狀語(yǔ)?。。?！
17Iwenthome,onlytoseemyhousebrokeninto.我到家卻發(fā)現(xiàn)房子被人闖入過了。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，令人意外吃驚的結(jié)果）
Ileftworkwithoutnotice,thusmakingtheofficeamess.我不告而別，令辦公室一團(tuán)糟。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，自然的結(jié)果）
Iwentintotheshoponlytofindashelterfromtherain.…只是為了找個(gè)躲雨的地方。（目的狀語(yǔ)）
Isucceeded,usingthismethod.方式狀語(yǔ)
18詞的用法
belostinthought陷入沉思
beburiedin陷入；埋入
fixone’seyesonsth/one’seyesarefixedonsth.眼睛盯著…看
beabsorbedinsth/doing專注于
well-behavedchildren表現(xiàn)好的小孩
allthepeople(whoare)concerned所有牽涉到的人
thegirlwearingajacket/thegirldressedinajacket
Hecamein,followinghisstudents.
Hecamein,followedbyhisstudents.
Facingtheproblem,Igaveup.
Facedwiththeproblem,Igaveup.
Theproblemfacingme,Igaveup.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Givensth/Giventhat…考慮到…
Provided(that)/Providingthat
,includingsbcf.,sbincluded
amissingchildcf.amissedtrain
hiddentreasurecf.ahidingplace
freezingweathercf.frozenfood
weakeningcf.weakened
Becausethereisnotenoughmoney,hecan’tgotoEurope.原因狀語(yǔ)從句
Thereisnotenoughmoney,sohecan’tgotoEurope.并列句
=Therebeingnotenoughmoney,hecan’tgotoEurope.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Time/Weatherpermitting,we’llgopicnicking獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Myfatherbeingill,Ihadtolookafterhim.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Myfeettied,Icouldn’tmove.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Manystudentscominglate,wedelayedthemeeting.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Cf.
Knowingthetruth,Ididn’twanttotellhim.分詞結(jié)構(gòu)(邏輯主語(yǔ)必須一致)jab88.COM
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高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分詞復(fù)習(xí)教案
9、分詞
分詞既有動(dòng)詞的特征，由有形容詞和副詞的特征。分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞沒有這種區(qū)別。及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞還有主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式的區(qū)別。分詞常用的形式如表所示（以及物動(dòng)詞do和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例）：
dogo
主動(dòng)被動(dòng)
現(xiàn)在分詞doingbeingdonegoing
過去分詞/donegone
完成式havingdonehavingbeendone/
9.1分詞作定語(yǔ)
不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)完成；及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)，過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)。分詞的完成式一般不作定語(yǔ)。分詞作其他成分時(shí)，也是如此。分詞作定語(yǔ)，單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)一般前置；分詞詞組，個(gè)別分詞如given,left等，修飾不定代詞等的分詞，作定語(yǔ)需后置。例如：
Wecanseetherisingsun.我們可以看到東升的旭日
Heisaretiredworker. 他是位退休的工人
Therewasagirlsittingthere. 有個(gè)女孩坐在那里
Thisisthequestiongiven.這是所給的問題
Thereisnothinginteresting. 沒有有趣的東西
分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句，如Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.=Mostofthepeoplewhowereinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.
典型例題
1）Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.havewritten B.tobewritten C.beingwritten D.written
答案D.書與寫作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞做定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句whichwaswritten
2）Whatsthelanguage____inGermany?
A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak
答案B.主語(yǔ)language與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)的含義。spoken，在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)language,spoken與language有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。該句可以理解為：Whatsthelanguage（whichis）spokeninGerman?
9.2分詞作狀語(yǔ)
分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間，原因，理由，條件，讓步，連續(xù)等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了個(gè)電話。
AsIdidntreceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.
Givenmoreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.多給些照顧，那些樹會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。
Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
典型例題
1）_____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.
A.Followed B.Followedby C.Beingfollowed D.Havingbeenfollowed
答案B.Napoleon與follow之間有被動(dòng)的含義。beingfollowed除表達(dá)被動(dòng)之外，還有動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之意。followedby（被…跟隨）。本題可改為：Withsomeofficialsfollowing,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.
2）Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.
A.followed B.following C.tobefollowed D.beingfollowed
答案B.由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動(dòng)。用現(xiàn)在分詞。
3）_______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.
A.Heating B.Tobeheated C.Heated D.Heat
答案C.本題要選分詞作為狀語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行的；過去分詞表被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的。對(duì)于液體來說是加熱的受動(dòng)者，是被動(dòng)的，因而選C。它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句Whenitisheated，…
注意：選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如：
Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。
Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。
9.3連詞+分詞（短語(yǔ)）
有時(shí)為使分詞短語(yǔ)與主句關(guān)系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。連詞有：when，while，ifthough，after,before,as. 但分詞的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)必須為同一個(gè)。例如：
Whilewaitingthere,hesawtwoprettygirlscomeoutofthebuilding.
等在那兒時(shí)，他看見兩個(gè)靚妹走出大樓。（waiting和saw的主語(yǔ)相同）
9.4分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后。例如：
Ifoundmycarmissing. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見了。
llhavemywatchrepaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5分詞作表語(yǔ)
表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)等。例如：
Shelookedtiredwithcooking. 她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。
Heremainedstandingbesidethetable. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6分詞作插入語(yǔ)
分詞作插入語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。例如：
generallyspeaking 一般說來
talkingof（speakingof）說道
strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格的說
judgingfrom從…判斷
allthingsconsidered從整體來看
takingallthingsintoconsideration 全面看來
例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill. 從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。（speaking不是dogs的動(dòng)作）
9.7分詞的時(shí)態(tài)
1）一般式表示與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：
Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead. 一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。
典型例題
Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.
A.toprepare B.preparing C.prepared D.waspreparing
答案B.此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞worked和waspreparing。只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2）完成時(shí)表示先于主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。例如：
Whilewalkinginthegarden，hehurthisleg.在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。
分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，要用havingdone。
Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。
=Ashehadfinishedhishomework,hewentout.
典型例題
___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
A.NotreceivingB.Receivingnot C.Nothavingreceived D.Havingnotreceived
答案C.本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作（接信）發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作（決心再寫信）之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not+分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Becausehehadnotreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
9.8分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
1）通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。例如：
Heisthemangivingyouthemoney.?。?whogaveyou…）他就是給你錢的那個(gè)人。
Heisthemanstoppedbythecar.（=whowasstoppedby…）他就是那個(gè)被車攔住的人。
2）不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，如gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned等。
例如：awell-readperson.一個(gè)讀過許多書的人
amuch-traveledmay 一個(gè)去過許多地方的人
aburnt-outmatch燒完了的火柴
高三英語(yǔ)教案：《分詞復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
作為杰出的教學(xué)工作者，能夠保證教課的順利開展，作為教師就要好好準(zhǔn)備好一份教案課件。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容，幫助教師能夠井然有序的進(jìn)行教學(xué)。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的教案要怎樣寫呢？以下是小編收集整理的“高三英語(yǔ)教案：《分詞復(fù)習(xí)》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)”，希望對(duì)您的工作和生活有所幫助。
本文題目：高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)教案：分詞復(fù)習(xí)教案
9、分詞
分詞既有動(dòng)詞的特征，由有形容詞和副詞的特征。分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過去分詞沒有這種區(qū)別。及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞還有主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式的區(qū)別。分詞常用的形式如表所示(以及物動(dòng)詞do 和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例)：
do go
主動(dòng) 被動(dòng)
現(xiàn)在分詞 doing being done going
過去分詞 / done gone
完成式 having done having been done /
9.1 分詞作定語(yǔ)
不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)完成;及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)，過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)。分詞的完成式一般不作定語(yǔ)。分詞作其他成分時(shí)，也是如此。分詞作定語(yǔ)，單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)一般前置;分詞詞組，個(gè)別分詞如given, left等，修飾不定代詞等的分詞，作定語(yǔ)需后置。例如：
We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
There was a girl sitting there. 有個(gè)女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 這是所給的問題
There is nothing interesting. 沒有有趣的東西
分詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句，如Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.
典型例題
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 書與寫作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞做定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句 which was written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主語(yǔ)language與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)的含義。spoken，在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)language, spoken 與 language有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。該句可以理解為：What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
9.2 分詞作狀語(yǔ)
分詞作狀語(yǔ)，可以表示時(shí)間，原因，理由，條件，讓步，連續(xù)等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于沒有收到他的信，我給他打了個(gè)電話。
As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多給些照顧，那些樹會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。
If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
典型例題
1)_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 與follow 之間有被動(dòng)的含義。being followed除表達(dá)被動(dòng)之外，還有動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之意。 followed by(被…跟隨)。本題可改為： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.
2)There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動(dòng)。用現(xiàn)在分詞。
3)_______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本題要選分詞作為狀語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行的;過去分詞表被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的。對(duì)于液體來說是加熱的受動(dòng)者，是被動(dòng)的，因而選C。它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句 When it is heated，…
注意：選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如：
Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。
Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。
9.3 連詞+分詞(短語(yǔ))
有時(shí)為使分詞短語(yǔ)與主句關(guān)系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。 連詞有： when，while，if though，after, before, as. 但分詞的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)必須為同一個(gè)。例如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
等在那兒時(shí)，他看見兩個(gè)靚妹走出大樓。(waiting 和saw 的主語(yǔ)相同)
9.4 分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
通常在感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞之后。例如：
I found my car missing. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車不見了。
'll have my watch repaired. 我想把我的手表修一下。
9.5 分詞作表語(yǔ)
表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)等。例如：
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙著做飯，看上去有些疲倦。
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。
9.6 分詞作插入語(yǔ)
分詞作插入語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。例如：
generally speaking 一般說來
talking of (speaking of) 說道
strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格的說
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來
例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill. 從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的動(dòng)作)
9.7 分詞的時(shí)態(tài)
1)一般式表示與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如：
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息，他高興得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 一到那兒，他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。
典型例題
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此處沒有連詞，不能選D，否則出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中選一個(gè)。又因前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，且與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2)完成時(shí)表示先于主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。例如：
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時(shí)他傷了腿。
分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先與主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作業(yè)后，他出去了。
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本題考查分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷，分詞的動(dòng)作(接信)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作(決心再寫信)之前，因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞，故選C。該句可理解為：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
9.8 分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
1)通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…)他就是給你錢的那個(gè)人。
He is the man stopped by the car.(= who was stopped by…)他就是那個(gè)被車攔住的人。
2)不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。
例如： a well-read person.一個(gè)讀過許多書的人
a much-traveled may 一個(gè)去過許多地方的人
高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過去分詞語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)
經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們，成功是留給有準(zhǔn)備的人。教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案，這是教師的任務(wù)之一。教案可以讓學(xué)生們有一個(gè)良好的課堂環(huán)境，幫助教師在教學(xué)期間更好的掌握節(jié)奏。你知道如何去寫好一份優(yōu)秀的教案呢？下面是小編為大家整理的“高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過去分詞語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)”，希望對(duì)您的工作和生活有所幫助。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之動(dòng)詞過去分詞簡(jiǎn)介
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般是由動(dòng)詞加ed構(gòu)成(具體規(guī)則見后)，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。過去分詞則屬于類動(dòng)詞
1.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語(yǔ),與句子主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),不但表示被動(dòng),還表示已完成了.Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了.
2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語(yǔ),與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),只表示動(dòng)作的完成.Heisretired.他已退休.
3.有些過去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).
過去分詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則
1、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則：
(1)、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“e”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“d”。live---lived---lived,
(3)、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將"y"變?yōu)?i"，再加“ed”。
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,
(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ed”。
stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped
2、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，見不規(guī)則表
一、當(dāng)過去分詞作為表語(yǔ)
Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.這座城市三面環(huán)山.
過去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別:過去分詞作表語(yǔ),主要是表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài),而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作.
(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),表示動(dòng)作)
(2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.圖書館關(guān)門了.(過去分詞作表語(yǔ))
過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成,-ing形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行.有些動(dòng)詞如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人,用-ing形式來修飾物.
(3)ThebookisinterestingandIminterestedinit.這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它很感興趣.
二、當(dāng)過去分詞作為定語(yǔ)
作定語(yǔ)用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞,其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ),既表被動(dòng)又表完成;不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ),只表完成.
1.過去分詞用作定語(yǔ),如果是單個(gè)的,常置于其所修飾的名詞之前.
Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況.
2.過去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)時(shí),一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后,其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔,多用于書面語(yǔ)中.
Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功.
3.過去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ),前后常有逗號(hào).
Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì),到會(huì)的有五千多人.
4.用來修飾人的過去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物,這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人,但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān).
Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視.
三、當(dāng)過去分詞作為狀語(yǔ)
1.過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作.
(1)Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因?yàn)閷懙么颐?這篇文章不是很好.
written為過去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示這篇文章是被寫的,而且已經(jīng)被寫.值得注意的是,有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu),作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng).這樣的過去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(駐扎);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressedin(穿著);tiredof(厭煩).
(2)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidnthearthesound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音.
2.過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ),此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致.
(1)Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.
再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題.(given為過去分詞作狀語(yǔ),它的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句主語(yǔ)I,即I被再給一個(gè)小時(shí).)
(2)_Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.
從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮.(seen為過去分詞作狀語(yǔ),表"被看",由語(yǔ)境可知,它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是城市,而不是"我們",因?yàn)?我們"應(yīng)主動(dòng)看城市.)
如果過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),前面再加邏輯主語(yǔ),主句的主語(yǔ)就不再是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),這種帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).
(1)Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信號(hào)一發(fā)出,汽車就開動(dòng)了.(thesignal是given的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此主句主語(yǔ)thebus就不是given的邏輯主語(yǔ).
(2)Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去.(herhead是heldhigh的邏輯主語(yǔ),因此主句主語(yǔ)she就不再是heldhigh的邏輯主語(yǔ).)
3.過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)來源于狀語(yǔ)從句.
(1)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨,所以他全身濕透了.(caughtinaheavyrain為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ),它來源于原因狀語(yǔ)從句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.)
(2)_Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里,這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快.(growninrichsoil為過去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ),它來源于條件狀語(yǔ)從句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil.
狀語(yǔ)從句改成過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成"連詞+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ).
Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定.
4.過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語(yǔ),后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開.
Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他靜靜地站在那里,被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶.
四、當(dāng)過去分詞作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
(一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下四類:
1.表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞.如:see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等.(1)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽到有人用英語(yǔ)唱過這首歌.(過去分詞sung的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作heard;)(2)_Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大.(過去分詞changed的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作found)
2.表示"致使"意義的動(dòng)詞.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等.
(1)Illhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理發(fā).
(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了.
(3)Dontleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完.
3.表示思維活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如consider，know，think等后。如：
(1)Iconsiderthemattersettled.我認(rèn)為這件事解決了。
(2)Ithoughtmyselfwrongedsomehowinthebargain.我認(rèn)為自己在這場(chǎng)交易中有受愚弄了。
4.表示愛憎意愿的動(dòng)詞如want，wish，like，hate等后。如：
(1)Iwantedtwoticketsreserved.我要預(yù)定兩張機(jī)票。
(2)Hedidn’twishitmentioned.他不愿這事被提起。
過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系.
(二)使役動(dòng)詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況.
1.過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成.
Hehadhismoneystolen.他的錢給偷了.(被別人偷去了)
2.過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語(yǔ)所經(jīng)歷.如:Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿斷了.(自己的經(jīng)歷)
五、"with+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)
此結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間,方式,條件,原因等狀語(yǔ).(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進(jìn)來了,他的雙手被綁在背后.(表方式)(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣.(表?xiàng)l件)(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決,我們都回家了.(表原因)(4)_Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前,眼睛注視著他.(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒.
練習(xí)
1.Mr.Smith,_______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.
A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring
2.Ongettingtothekindergarten,themotherwasgladtoseeherbabywell_________.
A.lookedforB.caredforC.takecareofD.caredafter
3.Thetwooldsisters,_________solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.
A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparated
C.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated
4.Let’shavearest.The_______workmademevery________.
A.tired;tiredB.tiring;tiringC.tired;tiringD.tiring;tired
5.Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphone_________tothesystem,sodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachprogramthatturnsout.
A.addingB.tohaveaddedC.toaddD.added
6.Asweallknow,newspapers,magazinesandradiosaswellastelevisionbroadcastscankeepus______aboutwhatishappeningintheworld.
A.informingB.toinformC.informedD.beinginformed
7.Everyonewas________byhis_______progresswhichhemadeduringthetwomonths.
A.surprised;surpriseB.surprised;surprised
C.surprised;surprisingD.surprising;surprising
8.Whenheturnedaround,hefoundapairofeyes_________him.
A.lookingB.watchatC.fixingonD.staringat
9.Thefilmyousawlastlightwasmade_________onatruestorythathappenedmanyyearsago.A.baseB.tobebasedC.basedD.basing
10.After_______hiswork,theteachercametohelpmewithmyEnglish.
A.finishedB.beingfinishedC.havingfinishedD.befinishing
11.Followthedirectionsonthebottlecarefullywhen__________themedicine.
A.youwilltakeB.takingC.totakeD.taken
12.Thestudents,________theirteachers,camehome.
A.followedB.followC.followingD.willfollow
13.Thelong-lastingwar,filledwithbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople’ssadness,_______noresult.A.reachedB.toreachC.wouldreachD.reaching
14.Theyspentthenight_________intheroom.
A.havinglockedB.lockingC.tobelockedD.locked
15.Hewrotealettertotheking___________.
A.hopingtobesetfreeB.tosethimfreeC.sothatbesetfreeD.askedtobesetfree
16.Stevenhasdevotedallhislifeto_______films,andKate,hiswife,isalso________tothedutyofherprofession.
A.make;devotedB.making;devotingC.making;devotedD.make;devoting
17.________inthedark,hisheadhitagainstatree.
A.WalkingB.HewaswalkingC.WalkedD.Whenhewaswalking
18.Timeshouldbemadegooduse________ourlessonswell.
A.oflearningB.tolearnC.tolearningD.oftolearn
19.Thefilm,________truestoryofthisRedArmygeneral,attractedpeople’sinterestalloverthecountry.
A.isbasedonB.isonthebaseof
C.whichisthebaseofD.basedupon
20.Shereturnedhomefromthemarketonlytofindthedooropenandanumberofthings_______.
A.stoleB.missingC.missedD.losing
21._________itrains,wewillstayathome.
A.SupposedB.SupposingC.TosupposeD.Ifsuppose
22._________withyours,ourlibraryis_________toosmallasize.
A.Comparing;inB.Comparing;ofC.Compared;inD.Compared;of
23.It’sdangeroustocarryahotpanwith________oil.
A.burningB.burntC.burnD.burns
24.Weweretoldthatthestonefigure_______backtothe16thcenturywasofgreatvalue.
A.datedB.datingC.comingD.kept
25.Theboylayonhisback,histeeth_______andhisglaringeyes_______straightupwards.
A.set;lookedB.set;lookingC.setting;lookedD.setting;looking
26.________intheforest,hehadtoaskforhelpbysendingoutsignals.
A.HavinglostB.LosingC.LostD.Hewaslost
27.TheGoldenGateBridge,________severalhundredyearsago,isworldwidefamous.
A.whichisbuiltB.whichbuiltC.havingbuiltD.built
28.Isuggestedthecheat_________intoprison.
A.referredtobeingputB.referredbeput
C.referredshouldbeputD.referredtobeput
29.___________,Iwentoutforawalk.
A.TherewasnothingtodoB.Therebeingnothingtodo
C.TherehadnothingtodoD.Hadnothingtodo
30.Hereturnedhometolearnthatthegirl________hadbeenmarriedthesecretaryvillage.
A.becameengagedtohimB.wasengagedtohim
C.engagedtohimbeforeD.gotengagedtohim
31.__________atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.
A.DisappointedB.TobedisappointedC.DisappointingD.Havingdisappointed
32._________inthedarkcave,hewasnotafraidofbeingfoundby________enemysoldiers.
A.Hidden;armedB.Hide;armedC.hidden;armD.Hiding;armed
33.Tohavethewonderfulcloth________newclothes,theyhadthemachine______alldaylong.
A.madeof;runningB.madeof;runC.madeinto;workingD.madeinto;work
34.TheWorldTradeOrganizationfinallyopeneditsdoortoChinaonNovember10,_______ourChinese15-yearwait.A.toendB.endedC.endingD.ends
35.If_______inwetsand,thevegetablescan_______freshforalongtime.
A.beingburied;remainB.buried;remainC.buried;beremainedD.burying;remain
36._________overandoveragain,buthestillcouldn’tunderstand.
A.HavingexplainedB.havingbeenexplainedC.ExplainingD.Ithadbeenexplained
37.Everything_________,theplanisfairlypractical,youcanputitintopractice.
A.consideringB.takenintoconsiderationC.toconsiderD.takingintoconsideration
38.________fromthemoon,ourearth,withwater_______seventypercentofitssurface,appearsasa“blueball”.
A.Seen;coveredB.seeing;coveringC.Seen;coveringD.Tosee;tocover
39.Agreatbigfellow,________around250pounds,walkedwithslowheavynoisyfootstepsuptotheproducercounterinthesupermarket.
A.weighedB.weighingC.weighsD.weighty
40.---Theplan________isofgreatimportancetoeverybody.
---Isee.Heissuretofinishitontime.
A.madeB.makingC.tobemadeD.tomake
41.Fromthedates________onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked
42.Hearingthegoodnews,Ifeltaheavyload________mymind.
A.takingoffB.tobetakenoffC.havingtakenoffD.takenoff
43.Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,withtheireyes________.
A.widelyopenB.wideopenedC.widelyopenedD.wideopen
44.Thescientistcametothemeetingwithhiswife________him.
A.beingsupportedB.supportingC.supportedD.support
45.Thenoiseofthemachines_________canbeclearlyheardinourclassroom.
A.fixedB.beingfixedC.tobefixedD.havingbeenfixed
46.Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute__________.
A.beingsettledB.tobesettledC.hadsettledD.assettled
47.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience_________onbenches,chairs,orboxes.A.havingseatedB.seatingC.seatedD.seat
48.__________inthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodisappointing.
A.TolookatB.LookingatC.LookedatD.Tobelookedat
49._________inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling,000.
A.TobejudgedthebestB.Havingjudgedthebest
C.JudgedthebestD.Judgingthebest
50.Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers_________ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon.
A.informB.informingC.beinformedD.informed
51.________withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.
A.TofaceB.HavingfacedC.FacedD.Facing
52.WhenthefirstEnglishsettlersarrivedintheNewWorld,theIndians________jewellerymadeofanimalbonesgreetedthemwarmly.
A.wearingB.towearC.wornD.havingworn
53.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures______inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.
A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed
54.Whenfirst_________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.
A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
55.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen_________atthemeetingbymyboss.
A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned
56.________inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited
57.Theflowers________sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.
A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt
58.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticattheparty.
A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded
59.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,___________.
A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsed
C.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists
60.________bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanthertwodaysonthefarm.
A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted
61.Theoldman,_________abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismother.
A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked
62.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,________as3M.
A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown
63._________theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwodays.
A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Notcompleted
64.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents________.A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry
65.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman________hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting
66.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwon’thavetimeto________beforetheparty.
A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange
67.Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,__________.
A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted
68.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen.
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
69.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_______thegirlandtookheraway,________intothewoods.A.seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappeared
C.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing
70.________time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
71.Generallyspeaking,_______accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.
A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken
72.Friendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan__________.
A.keptB.tobekeptC.keepingD.beingkept
73.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited
74.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
75.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
76.________tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’shealth.
A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed
77.Thebell_______theendoftheperiodrang,_______ourheateddiscussion.
A.indicating;interruptingB.indicated;interrupting
C.indicating;interruptedD.indicated;interrupted
78.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevotedallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren.
A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup
79.__________fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.
A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered
80.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.
A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout
81._________in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
A.BeingfoundB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding
82.Thepicture________onthewallispaintedbymynephew.
A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung
83.The_______boywaslastseen_______neartheEastLake.
A.missing;playingB.missing;playC.missed;playedD.missed;toplay
84.________thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
85.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.
A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake
86._________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose
87.Theladysaidthatshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_________.
A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremain
C.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars
88._________andhappy,Tonnystoodupandacceptedtheprize.
A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprising
89.Agoodstorydoesn’tnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleft_________.
A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfyingC.tobeunsatisfyingD.beingunsatisfied
90.Fivepeoplewonthe“China’sGreenFigure”award,atitle_______toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.
A.beinggivenB.isgivenC.givenD.wasgiven
91.Thefirsttextbooks_________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written
92.Thecomputercentre,_______lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened
93.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes__________.
A.openB.tobeopenedC.toopenD.opening
94.Themurdererwasbroughtinwithhishands_________behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied
95._________moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.togiveC.GivingD.havinggiven
96.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_______bythehour.
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
97.TheOlympicGames,________in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying
98.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating
99.________suchheavypollutionsalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.
A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.suffered
100.Sugar,when________withwater,dissolvesquickly.
A.mixedB.mixingC.mixD.ismixed
答案：1-10ABBDDCCDCC11-20BCADBCDDDB21-30BDABBCDDBC31-40AACCBDBCBC41-50BDDBBDCCCD51-60CACBCCBABB61-70BBAADADBDD71-80BAABDCABBC81-90CBAAACDBAC90-100DDADACCCAA
高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)歸納：過去分詞做定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)
高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)歸納：過去分詞做定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)
1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.
2.Hethrewawaythebrokencup.
3.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.
4.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
單個(gè)過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的前面;
過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞的后面。
spokenEnglish
=Englishwhichisspoken
terrifiedpeople
=thepeoplewhoareterrified
anorganizedway
=awaythatisorganized
affectedarea災(zāi)區(qū)
=theareawhichisaffected
stolenculturerelics
=culturerelicsthathadbeenstolen
thebookrecommendedbytheteacher
=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbytheteacher
printedarticles
=articlesthatareprinted
1)DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.定語(yǔ)
2)JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet.定語(yǔ)
3)Hegotinterestedinthetwotheories.表語(yǔ)
4)Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood表語(yǔ)
PastParticipleastheAttribute定語(yǔ)PastParticipleasthePredicative表語(yǔ)
1.terrifiedpeople1.peoplewhoareterrified
2.reservedseats2.seatsthatarereserved
3.pollutedwater3.waterthatispolluted
4.acrowdedroom4.aroomthatiscrowded
5.apleasedwinner5.awinnerthatispleased
6.Astonishedchildren6.childrenwholookastonished
7.abrokenvase7.avasethatisbroken
8.acloseddoor8.adoorthatisclosed
9.thetiredaudience9.theaudiencewhofeeltired
10.atrappedanimal10.ananimalthatistrapped
Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.
=Therearemanyleaveswhichhadfallenontheground.(地上有許多落葉)
Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
=Someofthem,whohadbeenbornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
(他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒去過北京)
及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或者沒有一定的時(shí)間性,只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
pollutedwater
=waterwhichispolluted
reservedseats
=theseatswhichwerereserved
trappedanimal
=theanimalwhichwastrapped
不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表被動(dòng)，只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，含有動(dòng)作完成，動(dòng)作結(jié)束之含義。
boiledwater
=waterwhichhasboiled
fallenleaves
=theleaveswhichhavefallen
risensun
=thesunwhichhasrisen
過去分詞作定語(yǔ)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后用逗號(hào)隔開。
Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.這些書是郭敬明寫的，深受青少年的喜愛。
Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，從沒過北京.
Thebook_writtenbythefarmer(一本農(nóng)民寫的書)isverypopular.
Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(去年建的樓房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.
Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday(在昨天會(huì)議上討論的)wasverydifficulttosolve.
Thewindowbrokenbythatnaughtyboy被那個(gè)頑皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.
Thechildrenexaminedinthehospitalyesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的)wereseriouslyill.
Thepeopleexposedtothesun(暴露在陽(yáng)光下的)gotsunburnt.
Theboypunishedseverelybytheteacher(受到老師嚴(yán)厲懲罰的)isnowacollegestudent.
Thewaterdeliveredtohishome(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.
TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishspokeninthepast300years(300年前所說的).
Mostoftheartistsinvitedtotheparty(被邀請(qǐng)去參加聚會(huì)的)werefromSouthAfrica.
Thestudentsinspiredbytheteacher(受到老師鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.
TheOlympicGames,__A_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying
①過去分詞做定語(yǔ)與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已完成。
②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。
③不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.
Consolidation鞏固
1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
A.areboughtB.bought
C.beenboughtD.buying
2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,
thenewly-electedpresidentishaving
ahardtime.
A.settledB.settling
C.tosettleD.beingsettled
3.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknown
C.tobeknownD.known
4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”
A.pin,readB.pinning,reading
C.pinned,readingD.pinned,read
2)作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作形容詞使用。如：disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。
Thewindowisbroken.窗戶碎了。
Don’tgetsoexcited.別這么激動(dòng)。
1.用作表語(yǔ)的過去分詞被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。
2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過去分詞動(dòng)詞意味很強(qiáng),句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟by短語(yǔ)。
①Theglassisbroken.
TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.
②Thewindowsareclosed.
ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.
3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested,
surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表語(yǔ),表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動(dòng)意味。
①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?
Theygotveryexcited.
②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?
Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.
③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.
④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.
作表語(yǔ)練習(xí)：
Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
該題考查分詞作表語(yǔ)的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.
1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.
A.paintedB.painting
C.beingpaintedD.tobepainted
2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.
A.waslosingB.gotlosing
C.grewlostD.gotlost
3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparents
are_____him.
A.disappointing;disappointedat
B.disappointing;disappointedabout
C.disappointing;disappointedwith
D.disappointed;disappointingby
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義.
現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成.
amovingmovie 感人的電影
amovedaudience 被感動(dòng)的觀眾
boilingwater 正在燒(煮沸)的水
boiledwater已煮沸的水
developingcountries反展中國(guó)家
developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家
fallingleaves落葉(正在進(jìn)行)
fallenleaves落葉(已經(jīng)完成)
Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.
Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.
ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.
TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet。
