小學語文微課教案

Unit10SchoolEducation。

Unit10SchoolEducation
一、單元分析（UnitAnalysis）
（一）單元地位（UnitPosition）
1．本課在對教育方式描述時，談及了不同時代對教育的要求以及當前的時代對教育的要求。教師可圍繞“當前時代對人才的要求”這一主題，設計活動讓學生參與口語討論，加強對當今學校教育情況的了解以及對自己在今后學習中的要求。
2．本單元結束時，充分利用本課“學校教育”這一主題，讓學生圍繞“對學校教育的調查”探討探討當今社會對人才的需求以及在當前教育模式下如何調整自己更加適應社會的發(fā)展。
3．本課中復習了情態(tài)動詞+被動的語法。
（二）單元目標（UnitTarget）
1復習情態(tài)動詞+被動結構的語法現(xiàn)象。
2能對教育方式發(fā)展進行簡單描述。
3能對學校教育的調查作出簡要的書面報告。
4能用英語寫簡單的感謝信。
（三）單元重點（UnitPoints）
1關鍵詞：
語言知識類
purpose,devote…to,dominate,besupposedtodo,payattentionto;sufferfrom,initiative,stimulate,playavitalrole,tryout,takeintoaccount,meettheneedsof…
交際功能類
gainknowledge;learningskills,theMachineAge,theIndustrialRevolution,memorize,leaningprocess,theInformationAge,creativeeducation,independentandcreativelearners,abilitytolearn
2功能：
Opinionsaboutschoollife參考課本第160頁UsefulLanguage
What’syourview/opinionof…
MayIbotheryouwithsomequestions?
Iwonderifyoucouldtellme…
Excuseme,doyouhappentoknow…
Well,letmesee…
Oh,letmethinkforamoment…
I’mnotsure,I’lljusthavetofindout…
That’saveryinterestingquestion,but…
I’mnotreallysure.
Ican’ttellyouatthemoment,I’mafraid.
I’mterriblysorry,butIreallydon’tknow.
I’venoidea,I’mafraid.
I’drathernotanswerthat,ifyoudon’tmind.

3語法點：
本課出現(xiàn)了情態(tài)動詞+被動結構，應作為本課的教學重點。

二、教學設計（TeachingDesigns）
教學內(nèi)容教學實施建議教學資源參考
1Reading作為“教育轉變”這一主題的引入，教師可利用圖片（前朝的私塾，工業(yè)時代的學校教育以及當前的創(chuàng)造性教育）讓學生以小組為單位
對于幾幅“教育模式”的圖片進行簡要描述，了解在不同時代對教育的不同要求。
在此基礎上，閱讀并講解課文，使學生對這些行業(yè)能有更深刻、全面地了解。
[鏈接1]圖片討論的一些建議。

課本第151--152頁——Highlights部分。
2Listening作為教材第157頁的聽力部分，可讓學生了解如何交流個人喜好。同時建議教師可利用上海外語教育出版社出版的《英語（新世紀版）聽力》，開展相關主題的聽力活動作為對教材的補充。課文第158頁——ListeningPractice

3Speaking以“學校生活”為主題設計口語活動。
活動一：根據(jù)給定的表格選擇幾項設計調查問卷。
活動二：采訪調查。用自己設計的調查問卷在班級內(nèi)進行調查。句型可參見“UsefulLanguage”
活動三：總結。以小組為單位進行交流，然后總結并形成調查報告，后由小組推選代表在班內(nèi)進行匯報。
[鏈接2]問卷調查任務的一些具體教學建議。課文第158頁——SpeakingPractice
4Writing對書中的感謝信的各式教師應當作出講解然后設計一些感謝情景（比如，互相幫助大掃除，將體育課上受傷的同學送往醫(yī)院等）讓學生進行寫作訓練。課文第162頁——Writing部分
5Structure情態(tài)動詞+被動結構作為復習知識出現(xiàn)在本課的語法教學中。教師可設計一些活動進行該語法的復習。
[鏈接3]情態(tài)動詞+被動結構操練的教學建議。課文第155——Structure部分

6AdditionalReading本部分與Unit10的口語課的調查報告內(nèi)容直接相關，建議放在口語課前一課時。
本文出現(xiàn)的重要詞匯與詞組：sample,thinkof,foronereasonoranother,list,followedby,playwith,gofor,mixwith,aspect,attitude(to),manage,strict.
針對“調查報告”這一話題，可在學生中開展討論：如何進行一個調查結果的討論和總結？如何形成一個完整的調查報告？
[鏈接2]在學生做完調查問卷后作為presentation的范例要求課文第165頁——AdditionalReading
[鏈接1]
說明：
圖片展示和討論讓學生視覺上受到刺激并激發(fā)他們學習的積極性。這一環(huán)節(jié)的運用既能發(fā)揮學生的積極主動性，又能使學生在小組活動中互相交流互相學習。在該環(huán)節(jié)中既有小組討論的方式也有獨立思考的空間。
1教師準備好各種教育模式的圖片，讓學生觀察并說出不同教育模式的特點以及在當時社會背景下的意義。
2先由學生獨立思考并以最快的速度說出不同得教育模式。
3小組討論不同模式的差別、特點以及存在的意義。

教師補充詞匯：eight-partessay；exam-orientededucation;quality-orientededucation;theMachineAge;theInformationAge；curriculum,syllabus,activelearning,passivelearning,classroomstudy,after-classstudy,learningresult,learningattitude,imperialexaminationsystem
[鏈接2]
說明：
調查問卷是一個讓學生搜集所需信息的一種與人溝通的技巧。該活動是一個能體現(xiàn)語言社會交際功能的活動，是貼近學生生活、真實的任務。通過設計和進行問卷調查這一環(huán)節(jié)，了解當今學生對教育的看法。在小組交流過程中，信息交流也為學生提供了一個語言學習、語言鍛煉的機會。
1therequirementsofthesurvey
chooseoneortwoaspectsstudentsareinterestedinanddesignquestionsneeded
2preparingforabriefaccountofthesurvey
3exchangingtheresultofthesurveyamonggroups
4onerepresentativeofeachgroupistobeselectedtogiveapresentationintheclass
[鏈接3]
說明：
語法的學習除了教師的精講之外，離不開學生的實際語言練習與運用。創(chuàng)設不同的活動讓學生積極參與，是語法學習不再被動接受、死記硬背。
教師先復習課文中的句型以及進行機械性練習。然后在黑板上寫一些情態(tài)動詞，如：may,might,should,can,could,must…
讓每個學生假象自己的將來或愿望如何用所給的情態(tài)動詞造句，然后AB同學進行交換把對方的句子變成被動句。
JAB88.COm

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Unit10Americanliterature

Unit10Americanliterature
Ｉ．單元教學目標
技能目標SkillGoals
▲TalkaboutAmericanliterature
▲Practisepredictinganddescribingwhatastorymightbeabout
▲Reviewalltheverbtenses
▲Writeabookreview
II．目標語言
功能句式Predictanddescribewhatanovelwithacertainthememightbeabout.
Whatwouldbeaninterestingstory?
Whatwouldbeanexcitingplot?
Whatcharacterswouldlikelyappearinit?
Whatwouldthecharactersbelike?
Whereandwhenwouldthestorytakeplace?
Wouldyouliketoreadashortstoryoranovel?
Doyouwanttoreadforpleasureorforschool?
詞匯1.四會詞匯
garbage,maid,prince,outcome,penny,grocery,bakery,weep,furnish,shabby,mailbox,bell,rag,rare,garment,worn,carpet,barbershop,haircut,anecdote,booklet,mutton,stove,baggage,pale,prayer,approve,anyhow,shave,comb,tortoise,flash,simplify
2.認讀詞匯
DudleyRandall,Della,Dillingham,backyard,cascade,Sofronie,curl,ConeyIsland,WilliamSydneyPorter,Broadway,tortoiseshell,jewel,reaction
3.詞組
attendto,takepridein,doup,letdown,fixsthon/uponsb,atlength
4．重點詞匯
weep,furnish,shabby,anecdote,baggage,pale,approve,anyhow,shave,flash,simplify
語法Reviewalltheverbtenses.
重點句子1.Expenseshadbeengreaterthanshehadcalculated.P84
2.Shehesitatedforaminuteandstoodstillwhileatearortwofellonthewornredcarpet.P85
3.Therewasnootherlikeitinanyofthestores,andshehadturnedalloftheminsideout.P85
4.ItwasworthyoftheWatch.P85
5.It’llgrowagain—youwon’tmind,willyou?P88
6.I’mmewithoutmyhair,aren’tI?P88
III．教材分析與教材重組
1.教材分析
本單元以Americanliterature為話題,通過詩歌欣賞，判斷文學作品主題和閱讀文學名著等學習方式，使學生對美國文學的特點以及發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀有一定的認識和了解，并能用已有的關于美國的歷史、政治、文化等方面的知識判斷和描述一部文學作品的主題、內(nèi)容梗概和寫作方法；能夠運用所學的語言知識和技能聽懂以對話形式對文學俱樂部舉行的某些活動的評論，如成功和失敗之處、優(yōu)點和缺點所在等；并能用英語談論美國文學作品，包括判斷主題、分析寫作特點、討論作品主人公的個性、總結中心思想等，并對作品加以評論。
1.1WARMINGUP用一首小詩激發(fā)學生對美國文學進一步了解的興趣，并使學生對美國黑人的詩歌有一個初步認識。它既呈現(xiàn)了本單元的中心話題—Americanliterature，又以回答問題的形式幫助學生以這首小詩為線索去探究美國文學的特點，為以后關于“Americanliterature”的進一步聽、說、讀、寫的學習打下基礎。
1.2LISTENING包括兩個部分。第一部分中要求學生在“聽”之前談論一下自己在英語角或英語俱樂部所參加過的活動以及他們的感受和經(jīng)歷；或者聽說過的、更有趣的英語活動和學習途徑，為下一步的“聽”作充分的準備。第二部分是一篇對話，Ben,AnnandLily正在為俱樂部組織一次英語活動。該部分設置的問題是：分析本次活動成功的原因和一次英語角活動不成功的原因，有一定難度。通過這項任務的完成，培養(yǎng)學生抓住聽力材料中的要點信息、同時加以分析和總結的能力。
1.3SPEAKING是一項對話練習，內(nèi)容是根據(jù)所給出的四幅圖片，運用已有的關于美國的歷史知識去判斷每幅圖片有可能表達的一部文學作品的主題是什么。這項設計的特點是：①讓學生使用有關談論文學作品的特點、人物以及故事發(fā)生的時間、地點等方面的語言交流自己對某些文學作品看法和觀點；②豐富學生談論文學作品的語言，包括詞匯和句型等；③激發(fā)學生對美國文學的興趣，并加深對美國文學的了解，為今后喜愛閱讀更多的美國文學作品的原著打下初步的基礎。
1.4PRE-READING是READING的熱身活動。設計了兩個任務供學生實踐和完成。第一項任務是：通過略讀的方法快速獲取信息并推斷故事情節(jié)的進一步發(fā)展。第二項任務是：用瀏覽的方式在課文中快速找出特定的信息用以回答問題。
1.5READING是一部短篇小說，節(jié)選自美國著名短篇小說家歐亨利的著名短篇小說《麥琪的禮物》。文章講述了一對窮困的年輕夫婦為互贈圣誕禮物而忍痛賣掉引以自豪的長發(fā)和懷表，卻換來了不再起作用的發(fā)梳和表鏈的故事，反映了美國下層人民生活的艱難和辛酸，贊美了主人公善良的心地和相濡以沫的愛情。文章情節(jié)生動，構思巧妙，文筆簡短而精練，結局出人意料。
1.6POST-READING部分設計了三類任務，其中第一類是針對文章的理解，評價學生對文章理解的程度(Exx.1—4)；第二類是要求學生以根據(jù)課文做出的正誤判斷題為線索寫一篇描述德拉的短文(Ex.5)；第三類任務要求學生根據(jù)已知的故事情節(jié)推斷小說后半部分的故事情節(jié)將會怎樣發(fā)展(Ex.6)。后兩項任務具有很大的靈活性和挑戰(zhàn)性。
1.7LANGUAGESTUDY分為詞匯和語法兩項。詞匯部分幫助學生學習用適合的形式和意義使用詞匯和短語，旨在培養(yǎng)學生運用英語詞匯和短語的能力。語法項目是復習動詞的各種時態(tài)。
1.8INTEGRATINGSKILLS包括讀和寫兩部分。該部分是READING的續(xù)篇。在這部分中，小說的故事情節(jié)有了戲劇性的發(fā)展和出乎意料、卻又在情理之中的結局。該部分的教學重點是分析文章的寫作特點和表現(xiàn)手法并啟發(fā)學生細心體會作者是如何以文學作品為載體去表達一個深刻的思想內(nèi)涵的。寫作部分的任務有兩項：一是根據(jù)所給出的四幅圖片描寫本篇小說的故事情節(jié)；二是寫一篇這部小說的摘要并對此加以評論以提高學生的寫作能力。
2.教材重組
2.1從話題內(nèi)容上分析，WARMINGUP和SPEAKING以及Workbook中的TALKING比較一致;將這三部分整合在一起，設計成一節(jié)任務型“口語課”從教材份量來說也比較適當。
2.2無論從話題內(nèi)容上分析，還是從訓練目的上分析，LISTENING與Workbook中的LISTENING都相一致；因此，可將兩個LISTENING整合在一起，設計成一節(jié)“聽力課”。
2.3將PRE-READING,READING和POST-READING三個活動整合在一起設計成一節(jié)“閱讀課（一）”。
2.4根據(jù)本單元的特點（INTEGRATINGSKILLS中的READING是READING的續(xù)篇），將INTEGRATINGSKILLS中的READING和WRITING整合成“閱讀課（二）”緊接第三課時。
2.5將LANGUAGESTUDY與Workbook中的PRACTISING部分整合在一起，組成一節(jié)“語法課”。
2.6將Workbook中INTEGRATINGSKILLS的READING（泛讀）“以及WRITING整合成一節(jié)“泛讀與寫作課”。
3.課型設計與課時分配（經(jīng)教材分析，根據(jù)學情，本單元可以用6課時教完。）
1stPeriodSpeaking
2ndPeriodListening
3rdPeriodReading
4thPeriodExtensivereading
5thPeriodLanguagestudy
6thPeriodExtensiveReadingWriting
Ⅳ.分課時教案
TheFirstPeriodSpeaking
Teachinggoals教學目標
1.Targetlanguage目標語言
a.重點詞匯和短語
theme,Americanliterature,nativeAmericans,slavery,theCivilWar,asaguidefor,outcome
b.交際用語
Whatwouldbeaninterestingstory?
Whatwouldbeanexcitingplot?
Whatcharacterswouldappearinit?
Whatwouldthecharactersbelike?
Wherewouldthestorytakeplace?
Whenwouldthestorytakeplace?
Wouldyouliketoreadashortstoryoranovel?
Doyouwanttoreadforpleasureorforschool?
2.Abilitygoals能力目標
EnablethestudentstotalkaboutthethemesofAmericanliterature,tellwhattypeofstoriestheyliketoreadanddiscusswhysomebookswrittenbyAmericanwritersarepopularbutsomearenotsopopular.
3.Learningabilitygoals學能目標
Helpthestudentslearnhowtopredictthethemesofnovelsaccordingtogiveninformation.
Teachingimportantpoints教學重點
LettheSslearntodescribeandpredictdifferentthemesofAmericanliteratureandwhattypeofstoriestheywouldliketoread.
Teachingdifficultpoints教學難點
HowtoexpresstheirideasaboutdifferentthemesofAmericanliteratureintheproperwaysuchasanexcitingplot,characters,whenandwherethestorytakingplaceandsoon.
Teachingmethods教學方法
1.Talkingmethod;
2.Pairworkorgroupworktohaveadiscussion.
Teachingaids教具準備
Acomputerandaprojector.
Teachingproceduresways教學過程與方式
StepIRevision
T:Goodmorning/afternoon,boysandgirls!
Ss:Goodmorning/afternoon,Sir/Madam!
T:Doyoulikereading?
Ss:Yes.Wealllikereading!
T:Idon’tthinkso.WheneverIseeyou,youaretalkingaboutsports,music,food,clothes,pictures,starsandsoon,butseldomareyoutalkingaboutreading.
Sa:Youarepartlyright,Sir/Madam.Weseldomtalkaboutreadingjustbecausewehavedifferentinterestsindifferentkindsofliteratureworksanddifferentthemes.
Sb:Alsobecausewehavetoreadsomuchforschooleverydayandhavesolittletimetoreadwhatwelikeforpleasure.
T:Oh,I’msorryforwhatIsaidjustmow.Thatistosay,youdidyourhomeworkverywellyesterday?
Ss:Certainly!
T:AndyouhavegotasmuchknowledgeaboutAmericanliteratureasyoucan?
Ss:Yes!
T:Great!Let’shaveacompetitionbetweenboysandgirls.Thosewholiketojoininthecompetitionstandinlines,boysstandontheleft,girlsright.Ourcompetitionwillgoonlikethis:Eachofthegroupnumberswillwriteoutoneworkwithitswriter’snameontheblackboard,dothatinturnineachofyourgroupsasquicklyasyoucan.Youcanwritedifferentworksbythesamewriter,butcan’twritethesamework.OK?Anotherthing:Ifyoubothgetthesamenumberoftheworks,thegroupwithmoredifferentwriterswillbethewinner.We’llfinishitwithinthreeminutes.Areyouready?One,two,three,go!
Afewminuteslater,checktheworktogetherandcongratulateonthewinninggroup.Thenhandouttheprizespreparedforthewinnerstoencouragethem.
Possibleresult(B):blackwriter
BoyGroup
TheAdventureofTomSawyer
——MarkTwain
TheBeastintheJungle
——HenryJames
MainStreet
——SinclairLewis
NativeSon
——RichardWright(B)
TheScarletLetter
——NathanielHawthorne
TheOldManandtheSea
——ErnestHemingway
TheCalloftheWild
——JackLondon
MartinEden
——JackLondonGirlGroup
AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
——MarkTwain
TheCantos
——EzraPound
TheGrapeofWrath
——JohnSteinbeck
InvisibleMan
——RalphEllison(B)
AFarewelltoArms
——ErnestHemingway
TheGiftoftheMagi
——O.Henry
TheLastLeaf
——O.Henry
...
Theboygroupwinsthecompetitionwithsevendifferentworksandwriters.
StepIIWarmingup
TalkaboutsomefamousAmericanwritersandtheirfamousworksappearingonthescreen.
T:Youdidagreatandexcitingjobjustnow.Well,let’slookatsomepictures.Doyouknowsomethingaboutthem?Ifyouknow,pleasetellusasmuchasyoucan.
ShowsomepicturesaboutsomefamousAmericanwriterssuchasMarkTwain,ErnestHemingway,O.Henry,NathanielHawthorne,andsoon.Atthesametime,asktheSstotrytotalkaboutthepicturesinorderthattheSscandrawasmuchinformationaboutAmericanliteratureaspossible.
ShowthepictureofNathanielHawthorneandhisfamousworkTheScarletLetteronthescreen.
T:Who’she?Andhaveyoureadthenovel?
Sa:HeisNathanielHawthorne.Iknowalittleabouthim.HawthorneisanovelistandshortstorywriterandTheScarletLetterisoneofhismostsuccessfulworks.ButIhaven’treadthenovel.
T:Good.Doyouknowsomeotherbest-knownworkswrittenbyHawthorne？
Sb:Letmetry.TheHouseoftheSevenGables,TwiceToldTalesandTheArtistoftheBeautiful.
T:Verygood!Let’sseesomethingabouthim.
Showthebriefintroductiononthescreenandasksomeonetoreaditaloud.

NathanielHawthorne
BorninSalem,Massachusetts.Novelistandshortstorywriter,acentralfigureintheAmericanRenaissance.NathanielHawthorne’sbest-knownworksincludeTheScarletLetter(1850)andTheHouseoftheSevenGables(1851).
T:WehavelearnedsomethingaboutNathanielHawthorne.Nowlookatthis!Haveyoureadthestory?Anddoyouknowsomethingaboutitswriter?
ShowthepicturesofHarrietBeecherStoweandherfamousworkUncleTom’scabinonthescreen.
Sc:Yes!Manyofushavereadthestory.Itisanantislaverynovelwrittenin1852byHarrietBeecherStowe.Thestorywasaboutafaithfulblackslavewaskilledbyacruelwhiteenslaverandmadepeopleknowhowcrueltheslaverywas.Itarousedthepeople’ssympathies.
T:Great!Now,let’slearnsomethingmoreaboutHarrietBeecherStowe.
Showthebriefintroductiononthescreenandasksomeonetoreaditaloud.
HarrietBeecherStowe
BornintheUSA.in1811.HerbookUncleTom’scabinnotonlymadeherfamousbutalsoshooktheworldandwashelpfulincausingtheAmericanCivilWar.TherewastimewheneveryEnglish-speakingpersonhadreadthenovelthatdidsomuchtostopslavery.PresidentLincolngreetedherasthe“l(fā)ittlewomanwhowrotethebookthatmadethisGreatWar.”
T:Haveyoureadthesepoems?
Showthepoetryanthologyonthescreen.
Ss:No.Heardaboutitbuthaven’treadit./Yes.Thepoemsintheanthologyarewonderful...
T:Yes.ThatisawonderfulpoetryanthologywrittenbyagreatpoetWaltWhitman.In1855Whitmanpublishedavolumeof12poemsathisownexpense,LeavesofGrass,whichhehadbegunworkingonprobablyasearlyas1847.Itwascriticizedbecauseofitsinnovationinverseform,thatis,theuseoffreeverseinlongrhythmicallineswithanatural,“organic”structure.
Whileintroducingthewriterandhispoems,showtheportraitofWaltWhitmanandthebookandthelogcabinwheretheworkwasbornonthescreen.

T:Nowlet’sappreciatetheversesfromoneofhispoems.
Showtheversesonthescreen.
OCaptain!myCaptain!ourfearfultripisdone;Theshiphasweather’deveryrack,theprizewesoughtiswon.
——OCaptain!MyCaptain!
WaltWhitman
T:Canyoutastethedeepmeaning?
Ss:Sorry...
T:HereWaltWhitmancomparesAmericatotheship,Lincolntothecaptain.Theship“hasweather’deveryrack”,whiletheirgreatcaptainlaydownforever.
Ss:...(TheSswillfeelverysorrywhenhearingthis.)
T:Yes.Thatiswhatgoodliteratureworksbringus.Look,Youmusthavereadthisbook.
ShowthebookTheAdventureofTomSawyeronthescreen.
Ss:Yes!Almosteveryonehasreadthebook.That’sveryinterestingandexcitingandmeaningful!
T:Whowroteit?
Ss:MarkTwain!!
ShowthepictureofMarkTwain.
T:MarkTwainishispenname.Doyouknowhisrealname?
Ss:SamuelLanghorneClemens.
T:That’sright.Canyoucountmoreofhisworks?
Sd:Certainly!BesidesTheAdventureofTomSawyer,hewrotemanyinterestingandhumorousstoriessuchasAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,TheMysteriousStranger,LifeontheMississippi,TheGildedAgeandsonon.
Se:Alongwithessays,criticalworks,andmore.
T:Verygood!HereonthescreenaresomemoreinformationaboutMarkTwain.Pleasegothroughitbyyourselves.
AboutMarkTwain:
MarkTwain,pennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens,wasagreatliterarygiantofAmerica,whowasconsidered“thetruefatherofournationalliterature”.
ThetypicalthemeinClemens’writingwasthenarrationofastorybyayoungornativeperson.Whenhewroteaboutyouth,theyouthwasusuallywisebeyondhisyearsbutremainedanidealismwhichClementscomparedwiththeinsincerityandcrueltyoftheadultworld.
T:Tillnow,we’velearnedaboutmanyfamouswritersofAmericaandtheirworks,buthaveyoureadthiswork?PointingtothepoemonPage82.
Ss:No,wehaven’t.
T:Nowpleasereaditcarefullytwiceorthreetimes,thengothoughthequestionsgivenbelowandhaveadiscussioningroupsoffour.Afewminuteslater,I’llcheckyourjobs.
IfthereisenoughtimeorthestudentshaveenoughknowledgeabouttheAmericanliteratureandwriters,theteachercanhavetheSstalkmoreaboutthem.
Afewminuteslater.
T:Areyouready?
Ss:Yes!
T:Everyoneknowsthatthetextyou’vejustreadisapoem,yes?
Ss:Yes!That’sveryclear.
T:Canyouguesswhowrotethepoem?Imean,wasitwrittenbyawhitepoetorablackone?
Sf:Ithinkitwaswrittenbyablackpoet.
T:Butwhydoyouthinkso?
Sg:Becauseit’stalkingaboutlowestworkingpeopleallthewayandgivesthemandtheirworkhighgloryandshowstherespecttotheirancestors.
Sh:Ithinkso.Although“theblack”isn’tmentionedasingletimeinthepoem,stillIcanfeelitwaswrittenbyablackpoetthroughthesensibilitiesandthelanguages.Itdescribesthehardworkoftheirancestorsaswellastheirpoorlivingconditions.Whooncelivedamiserablelifelikepigs?Slaves!Whooncewereforcedtobeslaves?Blackpeople!
Si:Yes.Andwhomadetheblackpeople,bornfreeones,slaves?TheearlywhitesettlersinAmerica!SoIcanjudgeitmustbeAmericanliterature,andcouldn’tbewrittenbyanypoetfromanothercountry.AlsoIcanreadouttheblackpeople’saspirationforfreedomandequality.
T:Good!Wonderfuldeducing!Andwhatdeepthoughtcanwegetfromthepoem?
Sj:Ithinkthepoemisaboutaccusingofslaveryandtheunfairnessofthesociety.Itshowsusaspiritoffreedomandtellsusthatpeopleareborntobeequalandnobodyisnoblerorlower.
T:Verygoodanswers,andyouallhavedeepthinkingaboutthepurposeofthewriter.
Sk:JustnowSisaiditmustbeAmericanliterature,Iagreewithit.Fromthehistoryandthesubstanceofthepoemwecanknowthis.AmericausedtobeacolonyofEngland.SlaveryexistedinAmericaforalongtime.Slavesweretreatedcruellyasdraughtanimals.AsAmericahadnotaperiodoffeudal,Americansdidn’tbelieveinKingsandQueens.AftertheIndependentWarandtheCivilWar,Americamarchedontofreedom.Atthattime,slaveryhadbeenabolishedbutthethinkingofslaveryandracialdiscriminationstillrootedinthemindsofAmericans.Thewriterwantedtobreakthewallbetweenpeople,callforequalityandblackpeople’sself-respectandconfidence.Sohewrotethispoem.
T:Great!You’veanalyzedthehistoryoriginandmadetheanswerreasonable.Andthen,whocantellussomethingaboutthewriter,whosenamewasmarkedbelowthepoem?
Sl:Iknowsomethingabouthim.DudleyRandallwasborninWashington,D.C.in1914.HeworkedduringtheDepressioninthefoundryoftheFordMotorCompanyinDearborn,Michigan,andthenasacarrierandclerkfortheU.S.PostOfficeinDetroit.HeservedintheU.S.ArmySignalCorps,andgraduatedfromWayneStateUniversityandtheUniversityofMichigan.
Sm:Hewasalibrarianatseveraluniversities,andfoundedtheBroadsidePressin1965“soblackpeoplecouldspeaktoandfortheirpeople”.
T:Verygood.Andwhatabouthisideatotheblackpoets?
Sn:RandalltoldNegroDigest,“Precisionandaccuracyarenecessaryforbothwhiteandblackwriters...‘Ablackaesthetic’shouldnotbeanexcuseforsloppywriting.”HeurgedAfricanAmericanwriterstorejectwhatwasfalsein“white”poetry,butnottoforsakeuniversalconcernsinfavorofaracialagenda.
T:Wonderfulandclear!Whocantellsomethingabouthisachievements?
So:Letmetry.HisworksincludeOnGettingaNaturalandALitanyofFriends;NewandSelectedPoems.HeeditedTheBlackPoets,anextensiveanthologyofpoetry,fromslavesongstothepresent.
T:Excellentjobsyou’vedone!
ShowthepicturesofDudleyRandallandoneofhisworks.
T:WhenlookingbackthehistoryandlifeintheUnitedStates,whatspecialthemesandwhatsortofstorieswouldyouexpectforAmericanliterature?Iwanttoknowyourideas.
Sp:Iwanttoreportmyidea.AmericausedtobeacolonyofEnglandandslaveryexistedforalongtime.FreedomcametrueaftertheIndependentWarandtheCivilWar.Therewerealotofstoriesaboutloveandcourageinwars.SothefightsaboutAmericanespeciallyblackpeoplewhofoughtforfreedomandequalrightsmustbeveryexciting.
Sq:I’vereadthestoryAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnwrittenbyMarkTwain,whichisaboutawhiteboyandablackslaverunningawayfromtheirterribleplacestogethertohavetheiradventuretravel.Thestoryisveryinterestingandexciting.
Sr:Iexpectforthemesaboutwars.Thefuriouswarcanshowusthestrongforcetotheslaveryandbringuscourageandpower.Certainly,thisthemecanmakeusfeelexcitedandthrilling.
St:Thethemesaboutthecommonpeople’slifeofAmericawillbeattractions,fromwhichwecanknowmoreaboutthereallifeofpeopleinlowerclass.Thiskindofthemesisoftenrealisticandmovingwithkindandhard-workingcharactersinthem.Wecanlearnmorefromthemandgetedificationinheart.
T:Good!AndyouhavesomuchwonderfulthoughtthatIalmostwanttoreadallofthethemesoftheAmericanliteratureworks.HowcouldIdoandwhichoneshouldIchoose?
TheSswillhaveavarietyofideasaboutthethemesofAmericanliterature.Dealwiththesituationabouttheirdiscussionandletthemreportfreelydependingontimeandthecase.Collecttheideasabouttheirinterestingthemesbymakingaformforthestudentstofillin.
Possiblelist
ThemesWorksWriter
AntislaveryandCivilWarUncleTom’scabin
TheSlaveHarrietBeecherStoweRichardHildreth
NativeAmericanTheAdventureofTomSawyer
LifeontheMississippiMarkTwain
WesternPioneersShaneJackSchaefer
NeuterLeavesofGrassWaltWhitman
CommonlifeTheGiftoftheMagiO.Henry
………
StepIIISpeaking
T:Fromwhatyoudidjustnow,Ibelieveyou’veknownmuchabouttheAmericanliterature.Youknowthemajorthemesintheliteratureofacountryreflectimportanteventsorperiodsinthehistoryofthecountry.TherearefourpictureshereaboutAmericanliterature.LookatthemanduseyourhistoryknowledgeabouttheUSA.Workinpairsanddiscusswhatkindofstoriesyou’dliketoread,usingtheusefulexpressionsonPage84.Afewminutes1ater,I’llasksomeofyoutopresentyourideasintheformofdialoguestotheclass.OK?
Ss:Yes!
Thestudentsstarttohaveadiscussioninpairs,whiletheteachergoesamongthemtoseeiftheyhaveanyquestionsanddirectsthestudents’activities.
Afewminuteslater.
T:Areyouready?
Ss:Yes.
T:Whowantstobevolunteer?
Ss:(Thefirstpair)Letushaveatry.
PossibleDialogues
Picture1
A:DoyouknowwhowasthenativeofAmericabeforeEuropeancame?
B:Ithink,it’sIndian,AmericanIndian.Therearealotofstoriesaboutthem,andsomeareveryinteresting,especiallysomeabouttherelationshipbetweenIndiansandwhitepersons.
A:Really?Ifeeltheurgeinmyhearttoknowsomethingaboutthem.Doyouknowanyfamousnovelsaboutthem?
B:Sorry,butIhaveseenafilmnamed“Dancingwiththewolves”,it’sastoryaboutacaptain,anEnglishwhiteman,whowenttothewestpartofAmerica,whenalotofpeoplehadgonethereandIndianswerediscriminatedandkilledbywhitepersons.HemadefriendswithagroupofIndiansandhelpedthemnotbehurtbywhitepeople.It’saverysadstory.
A:Theremustbeanexcitingplot!Iwon’tmissit.
B:Ihopeyoucanenjoyit.
Picture2
A:IlikecowboyverymuchandIevendreamthatIcangotoAmericaandbeacowboyoneday.
B:Well,itisreallyawonderfuldream.ButhowmuchdoyoulearnaboutthelifeofcowboyinAmerica?
A:Verylittle,thatiswhatIwanttoknow.
B:IthinkIcantellyousomethingaboutit.Whenthepopulationofsettlersbecamelargerandlagerinthe1800s,manypeoplewenttothewestland.Theywereattractedbythelowpriceofthelandandthechancetoearnmoney.Atthattime,cowsweremorethanpeople,socowboyswereneeded.Torunafterthecows,cowboysrodehorsesandworeleatherboots.Theycreatedtheirspecialsongs,stories,lifestylesandspecialcharacters.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthem,youcanreadsomebooks,forexample,LifeontheBackofHorseandTheNotoriousJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty.
A:Thankyouverymuch.Iwillgotothelibrary.
Picture3
A:Youhavebeentothelibrary,haven’tyou?
B:Yes,I’vejustborrowedsomeinterestingbooks.
A:Well,letmesee.Er…YouseemtolikeMarkTwain.
B:Notverymuch,butIreallylikehisnovelAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn,hiswell-knownbook.
A:Itsoundsinteresting.Whatisitabout?
B:ThestoryhappenedduringAmericanCivilWar.Acleverandkind-heartedboynamedHuckleberryFinnhelpedhisfriend,aslave,escapefromhisowner’sgarden.TheytraveledalongtheMississippi,andfinallytheygottothenorthpartofAmerica.Duringtheirincredibletrip,theybuiltafriendship.Astheslavegotfreedom,thestorygotahappyending.Thestoryshowsussomefactsofthewarandtellsusthattheslavesshouldbetreatedfair.
A:Itisreallyinteresting.IhopeIcanreadthisbookwhenyoufinishreadingit.
B:Noproblem!
Picture4
A:DoyouknowsomethingabouttheGreatDepressionat1933-1937?
B:It’saterribleeventforthewholeworld.Noonecanforgetit.Millionsofbusinesseswentbankrupt,millionsofpeoplelosttheirjobs,andmillionsofpeoplecouldnotsupporttheirchildren’sfood.ItwasalsoonereasonoftheWorldWarII.Ifyouwanttoknowit,youcanreadthebook“LiveofRoosevelt”.Itdescribesthisevent.
A:No,Idon’twanttoreadthiskindofbooks.Iwantsomestoriesatthattime,justforpleasure.Itneedsinterestingcharacters,excitingplotsandsoon,youknow?
B:Oh,wouldyouliketoreadnovels?You’vefoundtherightperson!YoucanreadsomestorieswrittenbyFrancisScottFitzgeraldsuchasTheGreatGatsby,TenderIsTheNightandTheLastTycoon.HisworkslayoutthebleakvisageinspiritinAmericanupperclassduringtheGreatDepression.IalsoadviseyoutoseesomefilmsofChaplin,hisfilmsreflectthelowest-classlifeatthattimeandtheyareveryinterestingandcangiveyoualotofadvicetofightwithterror.
T:Verygoodandwonderfuljob!Thankyouandsitdown,please!
StepIVTalking(WorkbookonPage218)
Letthestudentsworkingroupsoffour.ChooseoneofthegroupsoftheauthorsandhavethediscussionaboutwhysuchbooksarepopularornotpopularinChina.WhiletheSsdotheirgroupwork,goamongthemtoseeiftheyhaveanyquestionsanddirectthem.Afewminuteslater.
T:Wouldyouliketomaketheclassknowtheoutcomeofyourdiscussion?
Ss:Yes!
T:Who’dliketobethefirst?
Ss:(Thefirstgroup)We’lltryfirst.We’dliketotalkaboutEdgarSnow.
A:EdgarSnowwasanAmericanjournalistreportingonChina,andwasfamousforhisbookRedStarOverChina.I’vereadit.It’sveryauthenticandmoving.
B:Whatisthebookabout?Iheardaboutitbuthaven’treadit.IsitpopularinChina?
C:Yesit’sverypopular.In1936,hestartedhistravelfromBeijingandatlasthegottotheRedAreasofChina.ThereheinterviewedMaoZedongandrecordedfactuallyeverydaylifeoftherevolutionistsofChina.
D:InNovemberof1936,hewentbacktoBeijingandwrotedownwhathesawandheard.Atlast,hecollectedallhisreportsinthebookRedStarOverChina.
A:ThereisanotherreasonwhyitispopularinChina.Itisthefirstbookwrittenbyawesterner,inwhichtheRedAreasandthepeopletherearereportedfactually.
C:EdgarSnowwasanhonestperson.Healwayssoughttruefactsinbothhisbooksandlife.AndheisagoodfriendofChinesepeople.
B:Isee!Thepopularityofhisbookisbasedonhisnoblecharacter.Imustreadhisbookcarefully.
T:Verygood!Itseemsthatmostofyouhavereadthebook.It’sreallypopularinourcountry.
Ss:(Thesecondgroup)We’lltalkaboutIsraelEpstein.
A:I’mreadingthebookWomaninWorldHistory:LifeandTimesofSoongChingLingwrittenbyIsraelEpstein.
B:Oh,Ihaveheardofhim.HewasborninPolandandbecameaChinesecitizenin1957.
C:ButIheardhedied4daysago!
D:Yes.HehadbeenlivingandworkinginChinaformorethan70years.HewrotebooksaboutChinesehistory,China’srevolutionandconstruction.
C:IheardthathewasapersonalfriendofSoongChingLingandthebookyouarereadingisabiographyhewroteforher.
D:HelovedChinaandChinesepeopleverymuch,sothebookshewroteareverypopularinChina
T:Wonderfuljob!Doyouhaveanydifferentideas?
Ss:(Thethirdgroup)WehavesomeviewsaboutPearlSBuck.
A:TheGoodEarthisaboutChinesepeasants’lifeinthe1930swrittenbyPearlSBuck,whogainedNobelPrizeofliteratureforthisbook.
B:Ihavereadthisbook,itdescribesChinesepeasants’lifefactuallyanddeeply.Whenitwaspublishedin1931,itsoonbecamebestsellerinAmericaandwastranslatedintomanylanguages.
C:She’sawesternwomanwriterwithdisputation.InChina,someonelikesherworkwhilesomeonenotbecausethedescriptionaboutChinesepeasants’lifeisthethoughttohavesuspicionofsmear.
D:Yes.In1935,whenthebookwaspublished,itcausedagreatuproarintheworld.Whetherornot,ithasbeentranslatedintomanylanguagesandiswidespreadinwesterncountries.ItcontributedalottothepositiveimagethatWesternershaveaboutChinesepeople.
T:Youreallyhavedeepthoughtabouttheauthor.That’svaluable.Anyoneelse?
Ss:(Thegroupfour)WewanttosaysomethingaboutLinYutang,who’stheonlyChineseamongtheauthorsgiven.
A:DoyouknowaboutLinYutang?
B:Certainly!HewasafamouswriterandlearnerintheearlytwentiethcenturyinChina.HeoncetaughtinQinghuaUniversityandthenwenttostudyinAmericaandGermany.Inthe1920shecamebacktoteachinBeijingUniversityandhewasasupporterofthepatrioticstudentmovement.
C:LinYutangwrotealotofarticlesandbooksandcreatedmanykindsofmagazines.Hewrotemorethan30booksinEnglish,ofwhichMyCountryandMyPeoplewasthemostpopular.
A:Whatisitabout?
D:Itdescribestemperament,heart,dream,life,honesty,societyandcultureofChineseandcontraststhemwiththoseofwesterners.HewasaChinesewriterwithagreatinfluenceonwesternunderstandingoftheChinese.
A:Butwhydon’tIknowthese?PerhapsIreadlessthanyoudid?Orheseemsnottobesopopular?
T:That’sverygood!
Asksomemoregroupsofthestudentstoactouttheirdialogues.Theremaybeavarietyofpossibleideastocomeupwith.
StepVHomework
T:Youhavedoneverywellintheclass.That’sallforthisperiod.Homeworkfortoday:
FindoutsomegoodEnglishlittlepoemstoreadaloud,youcandothatwithmusic.Andifpossible,youcanmakesomeslidesonPowerPointtoshowyourpoemstotheclasswhileyouarereadingaloud.Preparefortheworkcarefullyandyou’llgetalotoffunwithit.Goodbye,everyone!
Ss:Goodbye,sir/madam.

Unit10　Americanliterature?

一名優(yōu)秀的教師在每次教學前有自己的事先計劃，作為教師就要在上課前做好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓學生更好的吸收課堂上所講的知識點，幫助教師提高自己的教學質量。寫好一份優(yōu)質的教案要怎么做呢？以下是小編為大家收集的“Unit10　Americanliterature?”希望對您的工作和生活有所幫助。

Unit10　Americanliterature?
Ⅰ.BriefStatementsBasedontheUnit?
Mostofushaveheardofsomeworld-famouswriterssuchasMarkTwain,JackLondon,ErnestHemingway.Someoftheirworksarewell-knownintheworld.ThetopicofthisunitisaboutAmericanliterature.Warmingupgetsstudentstoknowwhatapoemdescribesandwhatitmeans.Inspeaking,studentsareaskedtotalkaboutsomeAmericanwritersandtheirworksPre-readingandPost-readinggetstudentstopractisehowtopredictastoryandhowtodescribeastory.ReadingtellsusalovestorywrittenbyAmericanwriterO.Henry.Asforintegratingskills,teachershouldnotonlytrainthestudents’readingability,butalsohelpthemlearntowriteabookreview.?
IntheaspectofLanguageStudy,teachertrainsStudents’abilitytousesomekeywordsandphrases.Teacheralsohelpsstudentstoreviewalltheverbtenses.Listeninghelpsstudentslearntograspthedetailedinformationoftheclubactivitiesthatsomestudentsorganise.?
Ⅱ.TeachingGoals?
1.TalkaboutAmericanliterature.?
2.Practisepredictinganddescribingwhatastorymightbeabout.?
3.Reviewalltheverbtenses.?
4.Writeabookreview.?
Ⅲ.BackgroundInformation?
1.AlexHaley?
AlexHaleywasborninthenortheastofNewYorkin1921,buthespentmostofhisearlylifewithhismother’sfamilyinsouthernTennessee.Hisgrandmothertoldhimstoriesabouttheirfamily.Theirhistory,shesaid,beganwithToby.HewasaslavefromAfricaandhisnamewasKunta.?
AlexHaleywenttoschoolandthentocollege.In1939,hejoinedtheUScoastguard.AshewasaBlack,hisjobwastowaitontablesandwasheddishes.Inhissparetime,helearnedtowritestories.Heservedinthecoastguardfor20years.Afterheretiredheputallhistimeintowriting.?
AlexHaleyrememberedthestorieshisgrandmotherhadtoldhim.Hebegantostudyhisfamilystory:Afteralotofresearch,HaleydecidedthatTobyprobablywasKuntaKintefortheWestAfricanMandingopeople.KuntaKintewascaughtnearthevillageofJuffureontheGambiaRiver.HewassoldasaslaveinAnnapolis,Marylandin1707.ThenHaleymadeatriptoGambiaandtalkedwithahistoryexpertinJuffure.TheAfricahistorianmadehisconclusionstronger.?
AlexHaleywantedtotellexperiencesoftheBlackpeoplein18th-and-19thcenturyAmerica.Hespent10yearsresearchingandwritinghisfamilystoryforthebookRoots.Itwaspublishedin1976.Itwasaspecial“PulitzerPrize”.Afewyearslater,afilmseriesbasedonHaley’sbookwasshownonAmericantelevision.?
2.MarkTwain?
SamuelLanghorneClemens(pennameMarkTwain)wasbornonNovember30,1835inFlorida,Missouri.Twainisconsideredthegreatesthumoristofthe19thcenturyAmericanliterature.HisnovelsandstoriesabouttheMississippiRiver:TheAdventuresofTomSawyer(《湯姆索亞歷險記》)（1876）andTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn(《哈克貝利費恩歷險記》)(1894)arestillpopularwithmodernreaders.?
In1839theClemensfamilymovedtoHannibal,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiverwhereyoungSamexperiencedtheexcitementandcolorfulsightsofthewaterfront.Likemanyauthorsofhisdayhehadlittleformaleducation.Hiseducationcamefromtheprintshopsandnewspaperofficeswhereheworkedasayouth.In1853ClemensleftHannibalwithayearning(渴望)totravel.OnatriptoNewOrleanshepersuadedariverboatpilottoteachhimhisskill.Bythespringof1859Clemenswasalicensedriverboatpilot.?
AttheoutbreakoftheAmericanCivilWar(1861)ClemenschosenottogetinvolvedandmovedtoCarsonCity,Nevada.AfteranunsuccessfulattemptatgoldandsilvermininghejoinedthestaffofanewspaperinVirginiaCity,Nevada.Hefirstwroteunderthepenname“MarkTwain”(meaning“twofathoms(英尋)”inriverboat-talk)in1836.“Twain”wrotehisfirstpopularstory,TheCelebratedJumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty(《卡拉維拉縣有名的跳蛙》)in1865.?
Hecontinuedtotravelasacorrespondentforvariousnewspapers,andin1869histravellettersfromEuropewerecollectedintothepopularbook,TheInnocentsAbroad（《傻子國外旅行記》）.EncouragedbyhissuccessTwainmarriedOliviaLangdonandsettleddowninHartford,Connecticuttohismostproductiveyearsasawriter.Between1873and1889hewrotesevennovelsincludinghisMississippiRiverbooksaswellasThePrinceandthePauper（《王子和貧兒》）（1882）.?
AsTwain’slifeandcareerprogressedhebecameincreasinglypessimistic(悲觀的)，losingmuchofthehumorous,cocky(趾高氣揚的)toneofhisearlieryears.Moreandmoreofhisworksexperssedthegloomy(憂傷的；沮喪的)viewthatallhumanmotives(動機)areultimatelyselfish.EvensoTwainisbestrememberedasahumoristwhousedhissharpwitandcomicexaggerationtoattackthefalseprideandself-importancehesawinhumanity.?
Ⅳ.TeachingTime:Fiveperiods?
TheFirstPeriod?
TeachingAims:?
1.Learnandmasterthefollowingwords:garbage,maid,prince,outcome?
2.Dosomelistening.?
3.DosomespeakingtotalkaboutAmericanliterature.?
TeachingImportantPoints:?
1.Improvethestudents’listeningability.?
2.Improvethestudents’speakingabilitybydiscussion,talksandsoon.?
TeachingDifficultPoints:?
1.Howtoimprovethestudents’listeningability.?
2.Howtofinishthetaskofspeaking.?
TeachingMethods:?
1.Listening-and-answeringactivtytohelpthestudentsgothroughwiththelisteningmaterial.?
2.Individualworkandgroupworktomakeeverystudentworkinclass.?
TeachingAids:?
1.ataperecorder?
2.acomputerformultimediause?
TeachingProcedures:?
StepⅠGreetings
Greetthewholeclassasusual.?
StepⅡWarmingupandLead-in
T:Doyoulikereadingstoriesandnovels??
Ss:Yes.?
T:Ithinkmostofyouarefondofliterature.IthinkyoumustbefamiliarwithChineseliterature.ButareyouinterestedinAmericanliterature?Perhapssomeofyouhaveahobbyofreadingnovelsorotherworkswrittenbyforeignwriters.Nowlet’sreadthetextwrittenbyRudleyRandall.(Bb:RudleyRandall)Afteryoureadit,I’llaskyoutoanswersomequestions.?
(Teachergivesstudentsafewminutestoreadthetext,thenteachershowsthequestionsonthescreen.)?
1.Whatkindoftextistheoneyouhavejustread??
2.Whatisitaboutandwhatdoesitmean??
3.Canyoutellsomethingaboutthewriter??
4.WhydoesthishavetobeAmericanliterature?Coulditbewrittenbyapoetfromanothercountry??
5.ThinkaboutthehistoryandlifeintheUnitedStates.WhatspecialthemesandsortofstorieswouldyouexpectforAmericanliterature??
T:Who’dliketoanswerthefirstquestion??
S1:Ithinkit’sapoem.?
T:Quiteright.Nowthesecondone,please.?
S2:It’saboutAmericanblacks,Ithink.Inthepoem,theauthorexpresseshisdeepfeelingsforhisancestor,thoughheisaslave.Thepoemremindsusnottoforgetwherewecomefrom.?
T:Youranswersoundsreasonable.Whoisthevolunteertoanswerthethirdquestion??
S3:I’velearntsomethingabouthim.HewasanAmericanpoet.HewasborninWashingtonD.C.in1914.HewasthefounderandchiefeditorofapublishinghouseinDetroit.HewasthemajorpublisherforthepoetryofAmericanblacks.TheBurningCitywasoneofhispoetryselections.(Bb:TheBurningCity)?
T:Verygood.Nowthefourthquestion.Who’dliketoanswerit??
S4:Thepoemtalksabout“Slavetraders”.ThathassomethingtodowithAmericanBlacks.Asweknow,AmericanblacksaremostlyslavestakenfromAfricabyslavetraders.Inthetext,theauthorisinpraiseoftheirancestors,whowereslaves.Fromthecontentofthetext,wecanguessitmustbeAmericanliteratureanditcan’tbewrittenbyapoetfromanothercountry.?
T:Youdidverywell.Nowhowaboutthelastquestion??
S5:WeallknowthatAmericaisacountrywhichcontainspeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.SoAmericanliteraturehasawidevarietyofstyles.ButfromthehistoryofAmerica,wecanguesstheimportantthemesinitsliteratureareNativeAmericans,Pioneers,SlaveryandtheCivilWar,etc.?
T:Youranswersoundsreasonable.?
StepⅢListening
T:Next,let’sdosomelistening.Beforelisteningtothetape,I’dlikeyoutoanswersomequestions.Pleaselookatthescreen.?
1.AreyouamemberofanyclubortakingpartinactivitiesthathelpyoupractiseyourEnglish??
2.DidyouevergotoaSpeakingCorner?Whatwereyourexperiences??
3.WhatotherclubsoractivitiescouldyouthinkoftopractiseEnglishinawaythatmakesfun??
(Teachergivesstudentsawhiletoprepare.)?
T:WangLin,wouldyoupleaseanswerthefirstquestion??
S6:Yes.I’mamemberofEnglishCorner,whichisaclubforustopractiseEnglish.Ioftentakepartintheactivitiesinit.IthinkitisveryhelpfulformyspokenEnglish.?
T:NowonderyourspokenEnglishissogood.Now,LiXiang,didyouevergotoaSpeakingCorner?Whatwereyourexperiences??
S7:I’msorry.Iseldomgothere.IonlywentthereseveraltimeslastweekbecauseIcouldn’tunderstandotherswhentheyspeakeverythinginEnglish.?
T:IadviseyoutogotoSpeakingCornermoreoften.Thereisafamoussaying,“Practicemakesperfect.”Ifyouoftengothere,I’msureyoucanimproveyourlisteningabilityandyoucanalsospeakfluentEnglish.Doyouthinkso??
S7:Isee.I’lltrytogotheremoreoftenthisterm.?
T:Now,thethirdquestion.Anyvolunteerstoanswerit??
S8:IthinkwecanpractiseEnglishinotheractivitiessuchasEnglishSummerCamp,EnglishSpeechContest,EnglishShortPlayContest,EnglishDebateContest.?
T:Yourideassoundverygood.NowI’llplaythetapeforyou.Afterlisteningtothetape,youareaskedtoanswerthequestionsonthescreen.You’dbetterreadthemfirst.?
(Showthequestionsonthescreen.)?
1.WhatactivityareBen,AnnandLilyorganising??
2.Whyisthisactivitysuccessful,whileaSpeakingCornerwasnot?Givetworeasons.?
3.WhataretheadvantagesoftheirclubactivitiesaccordingtoAnn,BenandLily??
(Teacherplaysthetapeforthefirsttimeforstudentstogetthegeneralidea.Thenteacherplaysthetapeagainsothatstudentscangetthedetailedinformation.Forsomedetails,teachermaypauseandplaythetapemoretimesuntilstudentscanunderstandthemwell.Afterthat,teacheraskssomestudentstogivetheiranswers.Meanwhile,teachermaycorrectthemistakesifthereareany.)?
StepⅣSpeaking
T:HaveyoueverheardofafamousAmericanwriternamedMarkTwain?(ShowapictureofMarkTwainonthescreen.)Canyousaysomethingabouthim??
s9:OK.MarkTwainwasbornintheearly19thcentury.HisrealnamewasSamuelClemens.“MarkTwain”washispenname.Heiswell-knownintheworldasahumorist,afrontierandaphilosopher.HisfamousworksincludeTheAdventuresofTomSawyer,LifeontheMississippi,JumpingFrogandsoon.?
(Bb:MarkTwain,TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,LifeontheMississippi,JumpingFrog)
T:Perhapsyou’veheardaboutotherAmericanwritersandtheirworks.Nowlookatthescreenandmatchthewriterswiththeirworks.?
(Teacherwritesthefollowingontheblackboardandthenasksastudenttocometotheblackboard.)?
Writers?
1.AlexHaley?
2.ThomasJefferson?
3.HarrietBeecherStowe?
4.HenryWordsworthLongfellow?
5.ErnestHemingway?
6.JackLondon?
Works?
a.TheSlave’sDream?
b.SeaWolf?
c.UncleTom’sCabin?
d.TheDeclarationofIndependence?
e.Roots?
f:TheOldManandtheSea?
Suggestedanswers:1.e　2.d　3.c　4.a?5.f　6.b?
T:Themajorthemesintheliteratureofacountryreflectimportanteventsorperiodsinthehistoryofthatcountry.Therefore,importantthemesinAmericanliteratureareNativeAmericans,PioneersandtheCivilWar,andtherelationsbetweenAmericaandEurope.Nowchooseonethemeanddiscusswhattypeofstoryyouwouldliketoread.Youcanusethequestionsonthescreentohelpyou.?
(Teachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.)?
1.Whatwouldbeaninterestingstory??
2.Whatwouldbeanexcitingplot??
3.Whatcharacterswouldlikelyappearinit??
4.Whatwouldthecharactersbelike??
5.Wherewouldthestorytakeplace??
6.Whenwouldthestorytakeplace??
7.Wouldyouliketoreadastoryoranovel??
8.Doyouwanttoreadforpleasureorforschool??
(Teacherasksstudentstoworkinpairsandletsthemhavediscussions.Afewminuteslater,teacherasksstudentstopresenttheoutcomeoftheirdiscussiontotheclass.)?
T:Areyouready??
Ss:Yes.?
T:OK.I’llasksomestudentstopresenttheoutcomeofyourdiscussiontotheclass.WangBin,willyoupleasetry??
S10:I’mgladto.Iliketoreadbothstoriesandnovels.Ireadstoriesforschoolandnovelsforpleasure.Ithinkaninterestingstoryshouldhaveanexcitingplot.Asweknow,aplotisaplanoroutlineoftheeventsinthestoryofaplayornovel.Onlywhenastoryhasanexcitingplotcanitattractreaders.Forexample,I’vereadsomeworksofMarkTwain.“TheAdventuresofTomSawyer”isoneofthem.ItdescribesaboynamedTomSawyer,wholiveswithhisyoungerbrotheraidandAuntPollyinaremotetownonthebanksoftheMississippiRiver.Sidisa“model”boy.Heisobedient,demureandsneaky.ButTomisquitetheoppositeofhisbrother.Hedisobeyesthecruelandunjustteacher,MrDobbinsandisbusywithoutsidemattersatthelessons.OnenightTomSawyer,togetherwithhisfriendHuckFinn,hasanadventureandfinallybecomesrich.?
T:Welldone!Now,ZhangLi,you,please.?
S11:I’dliketo....?
StepⅤSummaryandHomework
T:Inthisperiodwe’vetalkedaboutsomethingaboutAmericanliterature.WehaveknownmoreaboutAmericanwritersandtheirworks.We’vealsodonesomelistening.Afterclass,rememberallthenewwordswelearntinthisclassandpreviewthenextthreeparts:Pre-readingReadingandPost-reading.OK.Somuchfortoday.Classisover.
StepⅥTheDesignoftheWritingonthe?
Blackboard
Unit10　Americanliterature?
TheFirstPeriod?
DudleyRandall　TheBurningCity?
MarkTwain?
Works?

StepⅦRecordafterTeaching
____________________________________

Unit10Theworldaroundus

俗話說，凡事預則立，不預則廢。作為教師就要在上課前做好適合自己的教案。教案可以讓學生能夠在教學期間跟著互動起來，幫助教師掌握上課時的教學節(jié)奏。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能寫好呢？為滿足您的需求，小編特地編輯了“Unit10Theworldaroundus”，大家不妨來參考。希望您能喜歡！

Unit10Theworldaroundus

Goals:
a.Achievelanguageskillsandrelatedknowledgeaboutthetopicofenvironmentprotection;
b.Learntoexpresscausesandeffects:
c.Vocabularyinthisunit:
thewordsandexpressionslistedontheteacher’sbook
d.Grammar:
ReviewDirectandIndirectSpeech

Lesson1
Mainpoints
1.Words
indanger;fur;cutdown;left;sometimes;discuss;makesure;findout
2.Sentencepatterns
...,tigerscannolongerhideandhunt.
3.Functionalitem
Questionsandanswers
Difficultpoints
Nolongernomore
Teachingprocedures
Step1Lead-in
Sstellthereasonswhysomeanimalshavediedout.
T:Weknowtherearefarfewerkindsofanimalsintheworldthanbefore.Theyhavediedoutfordifferentreasons.
Askseveralstudentstotellthereasons.GetSstoknowaboutthefactmanyanimalshavediedbecauseofhumanbeings.
Step2Warmingup
1.Sstalkaboutthethreepictures.
Whatkindsofanimalsarethey?
Whyaretheyindanger?
Whydopeoplehuntthem?
2.Dividetheclassintogroupsanddiscussthethreequestions.
3.Severalgroupsreporttheiranswers.
Step3Listening
Oneofthereasonswhyanimalsareindangerispollution.Nextyouwilllistentoareportaboutpollutiontoknowhowseriousitis.
1.Gothrougheachtaskandunderstandwhattodo.
2.Playthetapetwotimesasnecessary.Pauseatimportantpointsandgivethestudentshelp.
3.LettheSsdiscusstheiranswersinpairs.
4.Checktheanswers.
5.DiscussPartTwoingroupsforafewminutesandthenreporttheanswers.
Step4speaking
1.Readtheinstructions.
2.Sspractiseaskingandansweringinpairs.
3.Asktwopairstoactout.
Step5languagepoints
1.nolonger/nomore
nolonger=not...anylonger
nomore=not...anymore
Itislater.Icantwaitanymore.
Timelostwillnotreturnanymore.
2.makesure(that)
Ep:Makesurethatyouunderstandwhatyourteachersays.
Ep:Arriveearlyatthecinematomakesureof(getting)aseat
Step6Homework
Practiseaskingandansweringquestions.

Lesson2
Mainpoints
1.Words
dieout,act,measure,original,respond,keep...from...,liveabetterlife,thatis,firstofall,bydoing,pickup.
2.Sentencepatterns
...butwedon’talwaysdoaswesay...
Thegoodnewsisthatthereisalotwecandotohelp.
Difficultpoints
thepredicativeclause
Teachingprocedures
Step1.Revision
Checkthehomework
Step2.Pre-reading
1.Q:Whatdoplantsandanimalsneedtosurvive?
A:Encouragethestudentstocompareanimalsandhumans.Animalsandplantsalsohavebasicneedsandanimalsliveinsocialgroups.
2.Q:Whatdoanimalsdotosurviveinplaceswhereitisveryhotorcold,wherethereisntmuchwater?
A:Animalsadapttochangeintheirhabitatandtrytolearntosurvivewhentheconditionsoftheirhabitatchange.
Step3Reading
T:Fromlastperiodweknowmanyanimalsareindanger.Thendoyouknowwhysomeplantsareindangerandevenhumanbeings?Letstrytofindtheanswertothequestionabovefromthetextandwhatwecandotostopit.
Askstudentstoreadquicklyinsilenceandfindtheanswertothefollowingquestion.
Q:Whatcanwedotoprotecttheenvironment?
A:Weshouldcreatemorespaceforanimalsandplants.Weshouldstoppollution.
Step4Post-reading
Askstudentstoreadthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Whydoanimalsandplantsbecomeendangered?
A:Animalsandplantsbecomeendangeredwhentheirhabitatisdestroyedorwhenconditionsinthehabitatchangetooquicklyortoodrastically.Thetextliststhreemainreasons:habitatchange,thearrivalofnewspeciesinthehabitat,andtheoveruseofthespeciesitselfortheresourcesinthehabitat.
2.Aspeciescanbecomeendangeredwhenitshabitatischangedordestroyed.Canyouthinkofthingshumanbeingsdothatmaydestroyorcausechangeinahabitat?
A:Variousanswersarepossible.Encouragethestudentstothinkofhumanbehaviourthatcancauseproblems:pollution,landuse,hunting,farming,etc.
Step5Languagepoints
1.asconj.
WheninRomedoastheRomansdo.
Doyouhavetofeedplantsasyoufeedchickens?
2.takeaction
Ididnttakeimmediateaction.
activeadj.
Hewasactiveinthe1798revolution.
3.measurev.n.
(1)vt.vi.
Wemeasuredtheroomandfounditwas200feetlongand15feetwide.
CanyouwaittillIhavefinishedmeasuring?
(2)n.
Aninchisameasureoflength.
Step6Listeningtothetape
Step7Homework
Reviewwordsandlanguagepointsinthetext.

Lesson3
Mainpoints
Words
devote...to...;atpresent;common;set...free;inthewilds;giveatalk;whatkindof;explainsth.tosb.;hopewish;however;oneday,somedayanotherday;stopdoingstoptodo...
Difficultpoints
hopewish
Teachingprocedures
Step1Revision
1.checkthehomework
2.Askseveralstudentstosaysomethingaboutthewildlifeendangerment.
Step2Wordstudy
Getstudentstoknowsomethingaboutwordformationandgoovertheuse.
1.hopewish
(1)hope
①for+n.
②todo...
③that...
(2)wish
①for+n.
②todo...
③sb./sth.+adj./done/todo...
④sb.sth.
⑤that...
2.stopdoingstoptodo
Hestoppedsmoking.(=Hedidntsmokeanymore.)
Hestoppedtosmoke.(=Hepausedandbegantosmoke.)
Step3Grammar
1.RevisetherulesfortheDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.
2.Practice
(1)ReadthenewsstoryonP68inbook.PickoutthesentencesandthenchangethemintoDirectSpeech.
(2)DoexerciseonP141inbook.GrammarEx1.
Step4Homework
1.Gooverallwordsandexpressions.
2.Preview:Newwordsandphrasesinnextpart.

Lesson4
Mainpoints
1.Words
energy;reduce;amount;harmful;material;organize;attractive;becarefulwith...;throwaway;infact;endupaswaste;share;showsth.tosb.
2.Sentencepatterns
Itisimportanttodo...
Chooseanenvironmentalproblemthatyouthinkisimportant.
Teachingprocedures
Step1Revision
1.ReviewtheDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.
ChangethesentencesintoIndirectSpeech.
2.Makesentenceswiththefollowingwordsandexpressions.
hopewish;stopdoingstoptodo;set...free
Step2Lead-in
Sslistsomewaystoprotecttheenvironment.
T:Therearemaystoprotecttheenvironment.Listsomeofthem.Nextwewillreadapassagetofindmorewaysofprotectingenvironment.
Step3Presentation
1.Helpthestudentsunderstandwhatthepassagetellsus.
2.Dividetheclassintogroupsanddiscusstofindtheanswers.
3.Severalgroupsreporttheiranswers.
Step4Languagepoints
1.Itisimportanttodo...
(1)Itis+adj./n.+todosth.
Itiswonderfultohaveawalkinthewoods.
(2)Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.
Itwaseasyformetoanswerthequestion.
(3)Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.
Itskindofyoutothinksomuchofus.
2.showsth.tosb.=showsb.sth.
Heshowedmeaphotoofhim.
3.becarefulwith...
becarefulwith+n.
becarefulin+v-ing.
Step5Listening
Step6Homework
Reviseallthewordsandexpressionsinthisunitandrevisethenewwordsinnextunit.

unit10Frighteningnature

俗話說，凡事預則立，不預則廢。教師要準備好教案，這是教師需要精心準備的。教案可以讓講的知識能夠輕松被學生吸收，使教師有一個簡單易懂的教學思路。那么怎么才能寫出優(yōu)秀的教案呢？為此，小編從網(wǎng)絡上為大家精心整理了《unit10Frighteningnature》，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。

unit10Frighteningnature
教材分析(Analysisoftheteachingmaterial)
1地位與作用(Statusandfunction)
本單元的中心話題是“恐怖的自然”。圍繞這一話題討論了臺風、火山等自然災害發(fā)生時的現(xiàn)象及帶來的影響。通過各個部分的學習，學生初步了解各種自然災害及對人類帶來的危害，從而增強保護環(huán)境和自我保護意識。
“熱身”(Warmingup)通過四張圖片引出自然現(xiàn)象：火山、臺風和彗星及進行科學研究的儀器。通過師生問答形式，學生能描述自然現(xiàn)象并對臺風、火山等自然災害有初步了解。根據(jù)圖式理論，將新學知識與學生已有的知識結合起來，能激活學生已有的圖式，有利于新知識的掌握。通過這個階段的語言訓練為以下各部分的學習打下基礎。
“聽力”(Listening)是一則天氣預報。短文中出現(xiàn)了對各種天氣的描述及美國各部分的氣溫情況。首先是細節(jié)題，根據(jù)聽力短文指出美國哪些地區(qū)有雨及周二各部分的最高溫。學生通過該部分練習來訓練捕捉信息的能力。然后通過問題加深對短文的理解，最后達到能用英語做事的目的。
“口語”(Speaking)由兩部分組成。第一部分是兩人之間的對話，描述臺風來時的情形和心理感受，為第二部分的配對練習打下基礎。第二部分以六幅圖片的內(nèi)容話題，通過對話的形式來表述情感、焦慮和恐懼，為以后的寫作打下基礎。
“讀前”（Pre-reading）部分先以兩幅圖片來激活學生已有的圖式，對火山的形成有精確的理解。再通過三個問題，學生通過略讀對以下的閱讀材料有個總體的了解。
“閱讀”(Reading)部分描述了“我的叔叔”--Pliny的死亡經(jīng)過。Pliny不顧個人安危營救朋友，并在旅途中把自己的見聞記錄下來，為后人留下寶貴的研究資料。從Pliny身上學生可以學習樂于助人、勇于奉獻科學研究的精神。
“讀后”(Post-reading)分三部分。第一部分通過brainstorming學生對火山及發(fā)生時的情形有更全面的了解。第二部分以尋找問題答案的形式，學生能加深對Pliny個人品質的認識。第三部分針對課文理解，通過填寫表格培養(yǎng)學生的概括能力及描述事件的能力。
“語言學習”(Languagestudy)分詞匯和語法兩部分。通過詞匯練習來鞏固本單元的生詞，并且學生能正確使用現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語。本單元的語法是“省略句”，主要包括省略主語、謂語、不定式及多種成分省略；先通過一些例子讓學生自己探究省略的幾種情況；再通過控制性練習掌握如何使用省略句；最后通過理解情景對話達到運用的目的，也就是能用英語辦事。
“學習技能”(Integratingskills)部分包括讀、寫兩部分，讀為寫做鋪墊。首先通過閱讀學生了解故事情節(jié)：“南山”號輪船在駛回福建途中遭遇臺風。更猛烈的大風即將襲來，整艘船危在旦夕…結尾部分給學生留下想象空間。寫作部分是閱讀的延續(xù)，學生通過想象描述“南山”號是如何脫險的。通過該部分教學不僅能提高學生的讀寫的語言技能能力，還能培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新思維能力。
“學習建議”(Tips)給學生提供間接了解自然災害的方法，從而培養(yǎng)學生自主學習能力。
“復習要點”(Checkpoint)總結了本單元的語法重點---省略句。再通過一個問題幫助學生概括本單元的重要詞匯。
各部分在練習冊中都有相應的鞏固練習。其中語言技能訓練是課文的延伸和擴展，培養(yǎng)學生的說、讀、寫能力。在訓練三種技能時增強學生探究能力和合作意識。
2.教學目標(Teachingaims)
根據(jù)《普通高中英語新課程標準》（實驗稿）關于總目表的定位及其實現(xiàn)途徑和目標具體描述，結合高二學生實際和教材內(nèi)容，我們把本單元的教學目標定為：
語言知識(Knowledgeobjectives)
單詞：掌握、理解、運用以下生詞frightening,hurricane,astronomy,uneasy,unpleasant,upset,terrify,erupt,ash,mud,spot
詞組：bescaredtodeath,getintopanic,standonend,use…for…drawone’sattention,atthefootof,nowayout,callfor,turnback,uponarrival,giveimpressionof,lightup,withthekitchenfirestillon,more…than…,pickout,springtolife,cleanup,leaveout,turnround,onboard,comeon,knockabout,allofasudden,do,donefor,allatonce,holdout
語法：復習鞏固省略句，并能理解情景對話中的省略句。
語言技能：(Abilityobjectives)
聽：能聽懂天氣預報，包括對氣候及溫度的描述；能理解描述自然災害的短文。
說：能得體地表達個人的感情、恐懼、焦慮之情及能有邏輯的描述自然災害發(fā)生的原因、嚴重后果及災后自救工作。
讀：能理解課文內(nèi)容和課文結構，在閱讀中運用scanning,skimming,generalization,inference等微技能。
寫：能用流暢準確的語言描述自己經(jīng)歷的自然災害或從其他媒體上獲得的經(jīng)歷。
學習策略(Strategyobjectives)
學生能在一定程度上形成自主學習、有效交際和信息處理英語思維能力。
情感策略(Moralobjectives)
學生增強保護環(huán)境和自我保護意識；體驗用英語交流的成功與喜悅，以及培養(yǎng)合作精神、互助精神。
課時安排（Teachingarrangement）
Periods12:WarmingUpReading
Period3:The2ndListening(ListeningintheWorkbook)SpeakingTalking
Period4:The1stIntegratingSkills
Period5:The1stListeningThe2ndIntegratingSkills
Period6:Grammar–EllipsisWordStudy

教學計劃(Teachingplans)
Periods12Warming-upReading
Goals:
1.Learnsomethingaboutvolcanothroughreading.
2.Thestudentscanusewhattheyhavelearnedtodescribevolcanoes.
3.Thestudentsrealizethathumanbeingscanovercomeanyhardship.
4.Thestudentswillimprovetheabilitytosolveproblems.
Teachingimportantpoints:
1.Trytomastertheusefulnewwordsexpressionsinthisperiod.
2.Understandthetextwell.
Teachingdifficultpoints:
1.Howtousethenewwordsexpressionscorrectly.
2.Tounderstandthereadingmaterialsofsimilartopics.
Teachingaids:acomputer,ataperecorderaprojector
Teachingprocedures
Step1Warmingup
Q1:What’stheweatherliketoday?
It’ssunny(rainy,windy,etc).
Q2:Doyouoftencareabouttheweather?
Yes./No,sometimes.
Q3:Howdoyouhearaboutit?
OnTV./Overtheradio.
Q4:Haveyoueverheardoftyphoon?
Yes,quiteoften.
Q5:Whatwordscanyouthinkoftodescribethetyphoonweather?
heavywind(blowhard)storm(showapictureofstormyweather.)
roaringthunder(alsoroaringforties:partoftheAtlanticOcean,oftenverystormy,betweenlatitudesof40and50degreessouth.)
Q6:Whatwillyoufeelinsuchkindofweather?
frightened,scared,terrible,happy(Askthestudentswhytheyfeelhappy?----Becausetyphoonwilloftenreleasethedrought.What’smorethereisenoughwater,whichcanbeusedtomakeelectricity.)
Q7:Whataboutthehurricane?Haveyoueverheardaboutit?
Itissomethingliketyphoon.
Q8:Whataboutvolcano?
Q9:Lookatthepicture.Findoutasmuchasyoucantodescribeit.
eg.eruptionlava
Q10:Howisavolcanoformed?
1).Showavideoabouttheeruptionofavolcano.
2).Showapictureoftheboilingwaterkettle,whichmeanstheeruptionofavolcanoissomethingliketheboilingwaterfromthekettle.Thatis,therocksisvery,veryhotandmeltedtogasandliquid.Andtheytrytogetoutlikethesteamandboilingwater.
Q11:Whereisthemostpossibleplacethatavolcanomayerupt?
Neartheocean.eg.FujiyamamountaininJapan.
Q12:Doyouknowhowavolcanoworks,ifyoudo,describeit?
Rocksfromundertheearthbecomeshotterandhotterandmanythingseruptedfromthe
volcano,suchas:
Gas:vapour,carbondioxide,nitrogen,sulphur,etc.
Solid:bitsofrockandvolcanicash,etc.
Liquid:lava.
Step2Prereading
1.Showapicture.Askthestudents:Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?(Thebodyofthepeople,exactly,thebodyofthepeopleinthetownofPompeiiinthesouthernItaly.----showapictureoftherelicsofthetownofPompeii.)
2.Showanotherpicture.AskthestudentstoguesswhathappenedinthetownofPompeii?(Avolcanoeruptedsuddenlyandafter18hoursallweredamaged,includingthepeople,animals,plantsandthetownitself.)
Step3Whilereading
Task1Skimthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.
Q1:Whatisdescribedinthefollowingpassage?
TheeruptionofthevolcanocalledMountVesuvius.
Q2:Whenandwheredidithappen?
Onthe24thofAugustin79ADinsouthernItaly.
Q3:Whoisthewriteroftheletter?
Pliny,theyounger.
Task2Decidewhetherthefollowingsentencesaretrueorfalse.
1.Avolcanoeruptedonthe24thofAugustin79BCinsouthernItaly.F
2.Myuncleplannedtosavehisfriend’swifeRectina.F
3.MyunclewenttorescuePompyaftersavingRectina.T
4.Theflamescamefromthehomesoffarmerswhohadleftinapanicwiththekitchenfiresstillon.F
5.Theydecidedtotrytheopenairinsteadofstayinginthehouse.T
6.Itwasnightwhenthevolcanoerupted.F
Task4Scanthetextfillinthefollowingform.
DateOnthe24thofAugustin79ADinsouthernItaly.Whathappened:TheeruptionofthevolcanocalledMountVesuvius.
FirstAcloudofunusualsizeshaperisingfromamountaindrewmyuncle’sattentionandhewantedtoseeitfromcloserathand.
NextAfterreceivingaletterfromhisfriend’swifeRectina,hechangedhismindtosaveher.
ThenInspiteofthedanger,heturnedbacktorescuehisfriendPompyandhelpcalmdowntheotherpeople.
FinallyMyunclewantedtogetoutofthedangerbutfailed.Hewasdead.
Task5Arrangethefollowingstatementsaccordingtotherightorder.
1.HedecidedtorescuehisfriendPompy.
2.Somepeoplewatchedanunusualcloudrisingfromamountain.
3.Rectinabeggedhimtosaveher.
4.Heorderedaboatmadeready.
5.Twoslaveshelpedhimstandupandimmediatelyhefelldowndead.
6.Hebathedandhaddinner.
7.Arainofrockswascomingdown.
2-4-3-1-6-7-5
Task6Readthetextagainandexplainwhatthewordsinboldreferto.
it:acloudofunusualsizeandshaperisingfromamountain
theone:thewind
theother:myuncle’sfriendPompy
their:flames
They:scaredpeople
Languagepoints:
1.drawone’sattentiontosth.吸引某人的注意力
eg.Shedrewmyattentiontoamistakeinthereport.
catchone’sattention;focusone’sattentionon;payattentionto;giveone’sattentionto
2.Ashandbitsofrockthatwereburntblackwerefallingontotheshipnow,darkerandmore,theclosertheywent.
3.urge催促,極力主張;強烈要求
eg.TheU.S.AurgedIraqtogiveup.
4.Uponarrival:Assoonashearrived當…的時候;一…就…
5.bathn.洗澡；浴缸
bathev.洗澡
6.Helookedmoreasleepthandead.
eg.Thepiglooksmorelovelythanstupid.
eg.Theboylooksmorestupidthanangry.
Step4Postreading
Task1Theuncleofthewriterwasnotafraidofwhatwashappening.Howdoyouknow?Givethreeexamplesthatshowhehadnofear.
1.Hewroteareportaboutallheobservedduringhistrip.
2.RescuedPompy,calmeddown,bathedandhaddinner,sleep,etc.
3.Sleptafterbathsanddinner,toldtheflamescamefromthehomesoffarmerswhohadleftinapanicwiththekitchenfiresstillon.
Task2Furtherunderstanding
1.Howdoesnatureformadangertopeopleintheworldandhowcansciencehelpreducethatthreat?
eg.Inthesummer,withthearrivaloftyphoon,arainofstormandfloodwillcome,whichwilldamagealotofthings,includingpeople,animals,andbuildings,etc.Thefactorywillalsobeclosedbecauseofit.
Askthestudentstothinkasmanyexamplesastheycan.
2.What’stherelationbetweenhumanbeingsandnature?
Wecan’tgoagainstnature.Weshouldliveinharmonywiththenature.
3.Whatshouldwedotoprotecttheenvironmentthatwelivein?
5Rpolicy.
1.Reduce:Reducetheamountofwastebyeverypossiblemeans.
eg.Showapictureofatree;explaintothestudentsthatwemustreducetheamountoftreesthatwecutdown.
2.Reuse:Reusetheusefulthingsbeforegettingridofthem.
eg.Showapictureofacoat;explaintothestudentsthatwhenourcoatisnotsuitableforustowear,wecangiveittoourbrothers,sistersorgiveittotheProjectHope.
3.Recycle:Recyclethewastethingsifpossible.
eg.Showapictureofacolacan;explaintothestudentsthatafterdrinkingthecola,thecansleftcanbecollectedtogetherandmeltthemtomakenewcans.
4.Recover:Makeuseofgoodpartswhilegettingridofthebadones.
eg.Showapictureofawatermelon;explaintothestudentsthatifpartofthewatermelonisrotten,wecancutitoutandeatthegoodparts.
5.Repair:Repairthebrokenthings.
eg.Showapictureofachair;explaintothestudentsthatifonelegofachairisbroken,wecanrepairitanduseitagain.
Homework:
1.(inthefirstperiod)Findoutsomesentencesyouenjoymost,trytorecitethemaspossibleasyoucan.
2.Refertothewebsitetoknowmoreaboutthevolcano.
//.cn/yanjiu/gta
//puter,aprojectorataperecorder

Step1Revision
Questions:1Whatkindsofdisastersdoesnaturegiveus?
2Whatkindsofdisastersdoesmangiveus?

Step2Pre-listening
Page144,Listening.Lookatthepicture.DiscussExercise1withthestudents.

Step3Listening
PlaythetapeforthestudentstodoExercises2-4.Thenask:WhathappenedinthetyphoonLindatalkedabout?

Step4Lead-in
Page74,Speaking.Getthestudentstoreadthedialoguetofindouttheanswerstothefollowingquestions:
1Whathappenedinthetyphoon?
2Whatelsedoyouknowwillhappeninatyphoon?
3Whatwaspeople’semotion?
4Whatdoyouthinkhappensinahurricane,avolcano,anearthquake,SARSandbirdflu?

Step5Speaking
Givethestudentssomepictures.Getthemtomakeasimilardialogue.Telltheirpartnerswhetherthesethingsorsituationsfrightenthemandexplainwhy.Also,talkaboutpeople’semotioninthesesituationsandhowtheywouldbehave.Getthemtomakewiththehelpoftheusefulexpressions.
Model:
A:Haveyoubeeninasituationthatfrightensyou?
B:Yes.Itwaslastsummer.Ispentmysummervacationinmyhometown,asmallvillageinamountainousdistrict.Oneday,Iwenthikingwithmycousin.Onourwayhome,wemetacobra.
A:Wereyoufrightenedwhenyousawit?
B:Very!Itmademyhairstandonend.Mycousinwastoofrightenedtomoveatthattime,too.BecausewebothsawonTVthatthepoisonofacobracankillapersoneasily.
A:Whathappenednext?
B:Fortunatelyitdidn’tseeus.WeactedjustastheTVprogrammetoldus.Atlast,itwentby.Thedistancebetweenthecobraanduswasonlythreemetresorso.
A:Howterrible!

Step6Pre-talking
Ask:Whatdoyouneedtodowhenyouaretrappedinatyphoon?
GetthestudentstoreadthedialogueatPage144,TalkingbetweenXiaosongandDavidtofindoutwhatXiaosongsuggestsincaseoftyphoon.

Step7Talking
Getthestudentstoreadtherollcardsandmakesimilardialogues.

Step8Homework
Makeadialoguewithyourpartneraboutadisaster.Itshouldincludethefollowing:
1)Whatwasitlike?
2)Whathappened?
3)Whatwaspeople’semotionandwhataboutyours?
Whatsafetymeasuresshouldbetaken?

Period4Integratingskills(Sb)
TeachingAims:
Learnthetext“typhoon”andmasterthedetailedinformationinit.
Learnusefulwordsandexpressions
Writeapassageabouthowthestorywillend.
Teachingimportantpoints:
TotrainSs’readingskillsandwritingskills
Tomastertheusagesofthenewwordsandexpressionofthisperiod.
Teachingdifficultpoints:
Towriteapassageaboutterribleweather----typhoon
Tounderstandthedifficultwords,phrasesandsentences
Teachingmethods:
Fastreadingandcarefulreading:togettheSstograspthedetailedinformation
Writingpractice:togettheSstolearnhowtodescribesomethingterrible
Pairworkorgroupwork:togettheSstobeactiveinclass
TeachingAids:
acomputer,aprojector,ataperecorder(iftheteacherwants)

Teachingprocedures:
Step1TeachingRevision
1.Checkthehomework
2.Retellthestory(iftheteacherlikes)
3.Reviewthewordsandexpressionfortalkingaboutweather.
(ThisactivityaimstoreviewthewordsandmotivatetheSs.Inthisway,thetopicwillbeturnedtotyphoon.)
Step2Leadin
T:Inthelastfewperiods,wedealwithaletteraboutvolcano.Itisaterriblenaturedisaster.Thissummerourhometownalsoexperienceaterribledisaster-----typhoon,onecalledYunan.Itcausedgreatdamage,isn’tit?Canyoudescribeit?(Ss:….)
T:IfithappensinUSA,whatdopeoplecall?(Ahurricane)
Infact,atyphoonisthesamethingasahurricaneexcepttheplacewheretheyform.Beforewedealwiththedetailedinformation,let’swatchashortvideotoexperiencethestorywindagainandherearetwoquestionsforyou.
Whatdoesthehurricanebringin?
Howlongwillitusuallylast?
(Sswatchthevideoandgivetheanswers.Ifitisnecessary,playittwice.)
Step3Pre-reading
T:Weknowtyphoonscancausegreatdamageorevendeaths.Inordertoreducethelossandprotectourselves,wehavetolearnmoreaboutit.Thenwhatelsedoyouknowaboutthetyphoon?Telluswhatyouknow,please!Firsttalkwithyourpartnerandthentellthewholeclasswhatyouhavediscussed.
(pairworkfortwominutesandthenoneortwoSsreport)
(ThisactivityistomotivatetheSstotalkinEnglishandcooperatewellwitheachother.)
(Thentheteacherintroducethebackgroundinformation)
T:Now,Let’slookatthediagram.We’llknowwhatistyphoon.Typhoonisakindoftropicalcyclone.It’stheatmosphericwhirlpoolformedonthewarmtropicaloceanandtheareaoflowpressure.Windsareproducedbecausethepressureoftheairisdifferentindifferentplaces.Airflowsfromaregionofhighpressuretoaregionoflowpressure,causingawind.Thelowpressurecenteristheeyeofthestorm.Andtropicalcycloneisthegeneralnameoftropicaldepression,tropicalstorm,severetropicalstormandtyphoonorhurricane.InUSA,peopledon’tusethenameofseveretropicalstormandtyphoon.Instead,peopleusethename----hurricane.Allovertheworld,peoplenamethesetropicalcyclonesaccordingtotheirstrongestspeedofwind.Canyouguesshowfastatyphooncanmove?(ShowtheformtotheSs)
(Lookattheform---tropicalcyclonenamingconventions)
(Thentheteachershowsthemapoftheworld,askSstotellthedifferencebetweentyphoonandhurricane.)
Step4Whilereading
Fastreading:skimthepassageandtrytogetthegeneralideaofthetext.(Ssanswerthemainelementsofastory:who,when,where,how)
Carefulreading:Ssfinishtwotasksafterreading.
Task1.Scanthepassageandfindtheanswertothefollowingquestions.
1.Wheredidtheshipmeetthetyphoon?
2.Whatwastheweatheratfirst?
3.Whydidthecapitalsaythatitlookedasifatyphoonwascomingon?
4.Whereweretheywhenthefullforceofthehurricanestrucktheship?
5.Whatshouldtheydoinsuchterribleweather?
6.Whatdoesthesentence“Anotheronelikethis,andthat’sthelastofher”mean?
7.Whydidthecapitalstrikeamatch?Whatdidhesee?
Task2.TrytoexplainthedifficultsentenceinboldinEnglish.
1.Itwasfine,fortherewasnowindandtheheatwasclose.
2.Becauseheobservedthebarometerfellsteadilyandheknewthataterriblestormwouldcomesoon.
3.Whenthehurricanestrucktheshipwithfullforce,theywereallonthebridge.
4.Theycouldonlymovetheshipoverthehighseaandintotheveryeyeofthewind.
5.Itwasthelowestreadinghehadeverseeninhislife
(IfSscouldn’tunderstandthesentences,allowthemtodiscusswiththeirpartner.)
Dealwithlanguagepointsafterthat.
1.onboard=inoron(aship,anaircraftorpublicvehicle)
eg.1)Havethepassengersgoneonboardyet?
2)一上船，我總想吐。
AssoonasI’monboardIalwaysfeelsick.
2.closeadj.=lackingfreshorfreelymovingair
eg.Shenoticedthattheairwasveryclose.
Theatmosphereinasteam-heatedbuildingisoftenclose
3.dirtyadj.=(oftheweather)roughandunpleasant
4.knockabout=knockaround①“漫游,流浪”②“(狠)打”
eg.HehasknockaboutalloverEurope.
Afterhegraduatedfromcollege,Joeknockedaboutforayearseeingthecountrybeforehewenttoworkinhisfather’sbusiness.
Theysayheknockshischildrenabout.
5.allofasudden=suddenly/unexpectedly
eg.1)Allofasudden,thetyreburst.
2)他轉過身來但是忽然跌倒了.
Heturnedaroundbutfelldownallofasudden.
6.doforsb./sth.“破壞,使…失敗.”
eg.1)Thespellingmistakeintheexamdidforhim.
2)若資金不能在十五天內(nèi)到位，工廠就完了。
Thefactorywillbedoneforitifcapitalcan’tarriveinfifteendays.
dofor“設法弄到”常用于how,what開頭的疑問句中.
eg.Howdidyoudoforfoodwhenyouwereinthedesert?
7.asthough=asif
eg.1)Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.
2)Shefeltasifthegirlwereamemberofherownfamily.
8.allatonce=suddenlyandunexpectedly/atthesametime.
9.swearv.=promiseordeclareformally
Step4Post-reading
T:Wehavedealtwiththelanguagepointsofthetextandnowletsdosomeexercises.
Task1.Fillintheblankswithproperwords.
Task2.Ssdiscusstheendofthestoryingroupsandonereportedittotheclass.
(TheSscanexpresstheirownopinionsandcommunicateproperly.TheycanimprovetheirspeakingskillsandtheabilitytodothingsinEnglish.)
Step5Discussion
Extendeddiscussion:
T:Weknowtyphooncancausegreatdamagetoourlife.Howcanwereducetheloss?Howcanweprotectourselves?
(Ssdiscussinpairsoringroupsandthenreportwhattheydiscuss.)
Suggestedanswers:
1.Buildstronghouses;
2.Forecastcorrectly;
3.Giveefficientfirstaid;
4.Cutupthebranchesofthetrees;
5.Burythelinesundertheground
T
:Everycoinhastwosides,sodoesthetyphoon.Thoughthetyphooncausesdamage,itcanhavegoodeffects.Canyouthinkofsome?
goodeffects:
eg1.Bringinenoughwatertoreleasedrought
2.Bringinheavywindwhichcanbeusedtomakeelectricity.

step6Homework
1.Oralhomework:
Supposeyouareanewspaperreporterandareinterviewingthecapitain.Makeupthedialogue.
Thinkitover:Whatquestionswillthejournalistask?
2.Writtenhomework
Writetheendofthepassageonyourexercisebook.

Period5Listening(Wb)IntegratingskillsWriting(Wb)
Teachingaims:
1.TheSscanunderstandthelisteningtext.
2.TheSscangetthegeneralideaofeachparagraph.
3.Throughreading,theSsdevelopsomemicroskillsinreading,suchasskimmingandscanning.What’smore,theycanwriteacompositionofsimilartopic.
4.TheSscandevelopinsomewhattheabilityofautonomylearning,processinginformationandthinkinginEnglish.
5.TheSshavethesensetoprotectourenvironment.TheysharetheexperienceoflearningEnglishandhavethesenseofsuccessinlearningEnglishandcooperation.
Teachingimportantpoints:
1.Learntheusefulwordsandexpressionsinthisperiod.
2.Learntowriteaboutanaturaldisaster.
Teachingdifficultpoints:
1.Knowhowtousethewordsandexpressionsinthisperiod.
2.Knowthestructureofwritingaboutanaturaldisaster.
Teachingaids:atape-recorderacomputeraprojector

Teachingprocedures
Stage1Listening
1.Readtheinformationabouttheexercises.
2.ListentothetapeanddoExercises1,23.
3.Listenagainandfinishallthequestionsinthispart.
(Ifnecessary,playthetapeagain.)
Stage2Reading
1.Lead-in
AsktheSstodescribeakindofweatherandwhatpeopledoinsuchweather.
Todaywe’llreadsomebookdescriptionsaboutnaturaldisastersandstoriesthathappenedinterribleweather.
2.Pre-tasks
Readthroughthebookdescriptionsandmatchthemwiththefollowingbooktitles.
VolcanoEarthquake
UndertheVolcano:ANovel
Disaster!TheGreatSanFranciscoEarthquakeandFireof1906
VolcanoEarthquake
TheComingStorm:ExtremeWeatherandOurTerrifyingFuture
HiddenBigIslandofHawaii:IncludingtheVolcanoesNationalPark
SuddenSea:TheGreatHurricaneof1938
(ThisactivityaimstoimprovetheSs’readingabilityofskimmingandtheSscangetthegeneralideaofeachparagraph.)
3.While-tasks
AsktheSstoreadthedescriptionscarefullyagain.Dividethewholeclassintotwoparts.Eachpartdealswithoneofthefollowingtwoactivities:
1.Whichbooksonthelistinterestyou?Givereasonswhyyoumightwanttoreadthem.
2.Chooseonebookfromthelistwhichyoudon’twanttoreadandexplainwhyyouthinkitwon’tinterestyou.
(ThisactivityistohelptheSsdeveloptheabilityofscanningandexpresstheirownopinionswiththeirownwords.)
4.Post-tasks
Groupwork.
Imagineyourteacherasksyoutowriteanessayabouthumanexperiencesandhowpeoplesufferduringnaturaldisasters.Whichbookswouldyouchoosetohelpyouwriteyouressay?Whatinformationdoyouthinkyoucouldusefromthem?

Stage3Writing
Brainstorming
Whatnaturaldisastersdoyouknow?

2.Writing
Dividetheclassintosixgroups.Eachgroupdiscussatopicandwritesacompositiontogether.Aftertheyfinishthewriting,theyshoulddopeer-revision.Thentheteacherwillpostthecompositionsonthewall.Eachcompositionshouldcontainthefollowingparts:
1.Howisthedisasterformed?
2.Whathappenswhenthedisastercomes?
3.Whatisthedamageafterthedisaster?
4.Whatdopeopledoafterthat?
5.Whatlessonhaveyoulearn?
(ThissteptriestodeveloptheSs’cooperativeabilityandwritingability.TheSslookupinformationinmanydifferentways.)

Stage4Homework
Readmorepassagesaboutnaturaldisasters.Theycanrefertothefollowingwebsites:
///howto.html

Period6GrammarWordStudy
Goals:1.LearnandmasterGrammar:Ellipsis
2.Reviewtheusageofthepresentparticiplepastparticiple.
TeachingImportantPoints:
1.LearnaboutEllipsisofdifferenttypes.
2.EnableSstolearnhowtochoosethepresentparticiplethepastparticiple.
TeachingDifficultPoint:HowtouseEllipsistomakeasentencebriefandclear.
TeachingAids:acomputeraprojector
Procedures:
Step1:WordStudy
1.ChecktheanswertoExercise1atPage77.
2.ThePresentparticiplethepastparticiple
T:Lookatthe2sentencesontheblackboard.
Thisisamovingstory.
Theboyisdeeplymovedbythestory.
Canyoutellthedifferencebetween“moving”“moved”?
S:Yes.Thepresentparticiple“moving”expressesanactionthathappensaroundthesametimeasthemainverbwithanactivemeaningwhilethepastparticiple“moved”expressesanactionthatiscompletedwithanpassivemeaning.AmIright?
T:Yes,quiteright?PleaseopenyourbooksatPage78.LookatEx.2.Readthesentencesandfillintheblankswiththeproperformsofthewords.
Step2:Grammar-Ellipsis
T:Lookatthe2sentencesontheblackboard.
Uponarrival,myunclehuggedPompyand(?)triedtogivehimcourage.
Thencameasmellofsulphur,andthen(?)flames.
Readthemanddecidewhichwordswereleftoutateachplaceofthequestionmarks.
S:Ithinkinthe1stsentencethesubject“heormyuncle”wasleftout.
S:Inthe2ndsentenceIthink“came”shouldbeattheplaceofthequestionmark.
T:Youareright.InmodernEnglishthereisatendencytoomitorleaveoutsomewordsinasentenceforthesakeofconciseness.Theomissioniscalled“Ellipsis”,andasentencecontainingsuchanellipticalsentence.Awordorwordsinasentencecanbeomittedonlyonconditionthattheomissionwouldnotcausethesentencetobeunderstoodinmorethanonewaytobeunclearmeaningorwrong.Wemustkeepinmindthatweshouldnotomitwordsnecessaryforclearness.Areyouclearaboutthat?NowI’dliketosomemoreabout“Ellipsis”.
1.簡單句中的省略
1)省略主語祈使句中主語通常省略；其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。
(1)(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.
(2)(I)Seeyoutomorrow.
(3)(It)Doesn’tmatter.
(4)(I)Begyourpardon.
2)省略主謂或主謂語的一部分
(1)(Thereis)Nosmoking.
(2)(Isthere)Anythingwrong?
(3)(Willyou)Haveasmoke?
(4)What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?
(5)Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?
3)省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to，但如果該賓語是動詞be或完成時態(tài)，則須在之后加上be或have:
(1)–Areyougoingthere?--Yes,I’dliketo(gothere).
(2)Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto(givemethechance).
(3)–Areyouanengineer?--No,butIwanttobe.
(4)–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.--Well,heoughttohave.
4)省略表語
(1)–Areyouthirsty?--Yes,Iam(thirsty).
(2)Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister(lazy).
5)同時省略幾個成分
(1)Let’smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.
(2)–-Haveyoufinishedyourwork?
---(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.
2.主從復合句中的省略
1)主句中有一些乘法被省略
(1)(I’m)Sorrytohearyouareill.
(2)(It’sa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.
2)主句中有一些乘法被省略
(1)–Ishecomingbacktonight?--Ithinkso.
(2)–Shemustbebusynow?--Ifso,shecan’tgowithus.
(3)–Isshefeelingbettertoday?--I’mafraidnot.
(4)–Doyouthinkhewillattendthemeeting?--Iguessnot.
這種用法常見的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.
3.并列句中的省略
兩個并列句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。
(1)Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.
(2)Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.
(3)Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.
4.其他省略
1)連詞的that省略
賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況。
(2)在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語時可省略.另外，凡是進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的定語從句都可省略關系代詞和be動詞。
2)在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可省去“主語+be”部分
When(hewas)stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.
Shetriedherbestthough(shewas)ratherpoorinhealth.
If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.
If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.
3)不定式符號to的省略
并列的不定式可省去后面的to.
Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.
(2)help當“幫助”講時，后面的賓語或賓補的不定式符號to可帶可不帶.
Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.
Iwillhelpyou(to)doit.
（3）介詞but前若有動詞do,后面的不定式不帶to.
Theboydidnothingbutplay.
(4)某些使役動詞（let,make,have）及感官動詞（see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等）后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動語態(tài)中須將to復原。
Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.
Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.
Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.
Weweremadetowork12hoursaday.
(5)主語從句中有動詞do,后面作表語的不定式的to可帶可不帶。
Allwecandonowis(to)wait.
(6)find當“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時，后面作賓語補足語的不定式符號to可帶可不帶。
Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.
但如果是不定式tobe，則不能省略。
Shefoundhimtobedishonest.
4)連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語序有變化。
Hadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.
(2)WereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.
(3)Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?
5)主句和從句各有一些成分省略。
Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).
Step3:Homework
Finishalltheexercisesabout“Ellipsis”inyourbook.

附錄一背景資料(Backgroundknowledge)
1．Volcanoes
Therearethousandsofvolcanoesallovertheworld.Whatmakesvolcanoes?Whathappens?
Theinsideoftheearthisveryhot.Becauseitisvery，veryhot，therockhasmeltedlikeice.Ithasbecomeliquid，likewater.Itisalwaysboiling，likewaterinakettle.Ifyouhaveseenakettleboiling，youknowthatthesteamandboilingwatertrytogetout.Theveryhotmeltedrockinsidetheearthalsotriestogetout.Usuallyitcannotbecausetheoutsideoftheearthistoothickandstrong.
Butinsomeplacestheoutsideoftheearthisthinandweak.Sometimesacrack（asmallopening）appears.Thehotmeltedrock．whichwecall“l(fā)ava”，pushesupthroughthecrackandburststhrough.Steamandgasshootupintotheairandthehotmeltedlavapoursout.Bigpiecesofrockmaybethrownhighintotheair.
Afterawhilethevolcanobecomesquietagain.Themeltedlavabecomeshard.Laterthesamethinghappensagainandagain.Eachtimemorehotlavapoursoutontopofthecoldlavaandthenbecomeshard.Inthiswayakindofmountainisbuiltup，withaholedownthemiddle.Perhapsthevolcanowillthenbequietandnomorelavawillburstout.Perhapsitwillstartagainhundredsofyearslater.
Althoughtherearethousandsofvolcanoesintheworld，mostofthemaredead.On1yabout500sometimesstarttothrowoutlavaagain.AfamousvolcanowhichisnowdeadisMountFujiyamainJapan.Itiscoveredwithsnowinwinter.
VesuviusisthenameofaveryfamousvolcanoinItaly.Itfirstcametolifemany，manyyearsago.Itwasquietforhundredsofyears.Thenintheyear79itsuddenlyburst.Agreatcloudofsmokeshotupintotheskywithgreatburningrocks．whichfellallaround.Hotlavapoureddownitssides.About3000peoplewerekilled.
Thishashappenedagainmanytimessincethatyear.Sometimesnodamagewascaused，oronlylittledamage.Buttherewasseriousdamageintheyears472，1631，1794，1861，1872and1906.Youcanseethatavolcanocanstayaliveformanyyears.In1906partofthetopofthemountainfelloff.Therewasalsoseriousdamagein1914buttherehasnotbeenanysincethatyear.
2．WhatIsaTornado?
Whatexactlyisatornado?Thegeneralpictureisfamiliarenough.Thephenomenonusuallyoccursonahotstickydaywithsouthwindsandanominoussky.Fromthebaseofathunderhead，afunnel-shapedcloudextendsaviolentlytwistingspouttowardtheearth.Asitsucksinmatterinitspath，thetwistermayturnblack,brown,oroccasionally(oversnow)evenwhite.Themovingcloudshowsanalmostcontinuousdisplayofsheetlightning.Itlurchesalonginameanderingpath,usuallynortheastward,at25to40milesperhour.Sometimesitpicksupitsfingerfromtheearthforashortdistanceandthenplantsitdownagain.Thefunnelisveryslender:itswakeofviolenceaveragesabout400yardswide.Asthetornadoapproaches,itisheraldedbyaroarasofhundredsofjetplanesorthousandsofrailroadcars.Itspathisapathoftotaldestruction.Buildingsliterallyexplodeastheyaresuckedinbythetornadoslow-pressurevortex(wherethepressuredropisasmuchas10percent)andbyitspowerfulwhirlingwinds(estimatedatupto500milesperhour).Thetornadoslifetimeisasbriefasitisviolent.Withinafewtensofmiles(average:about16miles),itspendsitsforceandsuddenlydisappears.
3.Earthquakes
Earthquakeisasudden,violentshakingoftheearthssurface.Itsakindofcrustalmovementformofexpression.
Earthquakeisregardedasoneofthemostdamagingforcesknowntoman:sincerecordsbegantobewrittendown,ithasbeenestimatedthatearthquake-relatedfatalitieshavebeennumberedinthemillions,andthatearthquake-relateddestructionhasbeenbeyondcount.
Thegreatmajorityofallearthquakesoccurintwospecificgeographicareas.OnesuchareasurroundsthePacificOceananditscontiguouslandmasses.TheotherextendsfromtheEastIndiatotheAtlasMountains,includingtheHimalayas,Iran,Turkey,andtheAlpineregions.Itisinthesetwogreatbeltsorzonesthatninetypercentofallearthquakestakeplace.ThetextreferstotwoofthestrongestquakesinSanFrancisco.Astoourcountry.alargenumberofearthquakeshappenedinNorthChinaandNorthwestChina.ThepowerfulearthquakeofTangshanhap-penedinthecityofTangshan,HebeiProvinceonJuly28th，1976，whichcausedmorethan240000deathsandthewholecitywasdestroyed.
Nowadaysscientistsknowalittleaboutearthquakesandtheystillcannotstopthesedisastersfromhappening.However，theycanwarnpeoplewholiveintheseareasbyprediction,inadvancetotakeprecautionsagainstsuchdisasters.Aworldwideearthquakewarningnetworkisalreadyinoperationatpresentandisexpectedtomakeearthquakepredictionseveralyearsaheadoftime.
4.5RPolicy
It’simportanttolearnaboutprotectingourenvironment.Hereisa5Rpolicyforustoconsider:
1.Reduce:
Ifyouwanttoreducewaste,youshouldusethingswisely.Millionsoftreesarebeingcutdowntomakepaper.Ifeveryoneusesalittlepapercarelesslyandthrowsitaway,beforelongwewouldnothaveanytreesleft.Otherthingsarealsobeingwasted,andpeopledon’treallyknowwhattodowiththelargequantitiesofrubbishproducedinlargecities,therefore,tisnecessarytoreducetheamountofwastebyeverypossiblemeans.
2.Reuse:
Youshouldalwaysthinkofreusingtheusablethingsbeforegettingridofthem.Giveyourclothesyoudonotuseortheoneswhicharetoosmalltothepoor.Withinafamily,youmaypassonsuchclothestoyoungerbrothersorsisters.Ifyouwish,youcanusebuttonsandsomethingelsetomakedollsortoysforyourbabybrotherorsister.
3.Recycle:
Bottles,cansandpapercaneasilyberecycled.Bydoingsowesavelotsoftimeandmoney.Forexample,cokecocacolacansaresenttoafactory,wheretheyaresmashedflatandmeltedandmetalsheetsaremadefornewcokecans.
4.Recover:
Whenyoubuyaboxofapples,theremightbeafewwhicharehighlyrotten.Youhavetwochoices:oneistothrowthewholeapplesaway,oryoucouldcutofftherottenpartsandusethegoodparts.Inthisway,youarerecoveringtheeatablepartsoffood.
5.Repair
Ifoneofthelegsofyourtableisbroken,youcanhaveitrepairedinsteadofthrowingthetableaway.Ifyouwanttochangeforbetterfurniture,itisbetterforyoutoselltheoldthingsorgivethemtootherpeoplewhocanusethemafterdoingsomerepair.
ItistruetheNorthAmericaisthroeawaysociety,butthetimehascometochangeourwayoflifesothatwecanprotectourenvironment.Everyoneofusshouldtakeanactivepartinit.
1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.We’llhavenoresourcesofnatureunlesswecandealwiththelargequantitiesofrubbish.
B.Recyclingisthebestwaytosavematerials.
C.Ifwewasteless,wecansavemoreresourcesofnature.
D.Morethingsarewastedindevelopedcountriesthanindevelopingcountries.
2.The“reuse”policymainlyrequiresus_____.
A.Tomakefulluseofourthings
B.Togiveourthingstothosewhowantthem
CTouseourthingsagainandagain
D.Nottogetridofourthings
3._____canberecycled.
A.Onlyhardthings
B.Lotsofthings
C.Fewsoftthings
D.Allthings
4.Wecaninferthatthewriterofthispassagemaylivein_____.
A.Europe
B.Asia
C.Australia
D.America

Keys:1.C2.A3.B4.D

附錄二：Areyoureadyforahurricane?
HavingATest
AreyouReadyforahurricane?
KnowWhatHurricaneWATCHandWARNINGMean
WATCH:Hurricaneconditionsarepossibleinthespecified(特定的)areaoftheWATCH,usuallywithin36hours.
WARNING:HurricaneconditionsareexpectedinthespecifiedareaoftheWARNING,usuallywithin24hours.
2.PrepareaPersonalEvacuationPlan
Identify(確定)aheadoftimewhereyoucouldgoifyouaretoldtoevacuate(撤離，疏散).Chooseseveralplaces—afriend’shomeinanothertown,ahotel,orashelter.
Keephandythetelephonenumbersoftheseplacesaswellasaroadmapofyourlocality(位置).Youmayneedtotakealternative(可選擇的)orunfamiliarroutesifmajorroadsareclosedorblocked(阻斷).
ListentoWeatherRadioorlocalradioorTVstationsforevacuationinstructions.Ifadvisedtoevacuate,dosoimmediately.
PrepareforaDisasterSuppliesKitIncludingthefollowingItems
Firstaidkit(工具包)andessentialmedications(藥物).
Gannedfoodandcanopener.
Atleastthreegallonsofwaterperperson.
Protectiveclothing,rainwear,andbeddingorsleepingbags.
Battery-poweredradio,flashlight,andextrabatteries(電池).
Writteninstructionsonhowtoturnoffelectricity,gasandwaterifauthoritiesadviseyoutodoso.(Remember,you’llneedaprofessionaltoturnthembackon.)
KnowWhattoDoWhenaHurricaneWATCHIsIssued(發(fā)布)
ListentolocalradioorTVstationsforup-to-datestorminformation.
Preparetobringinsideanyusefulthingsthatcanbepickedupbythewind.
Preparetocoverallwindowsofyourhome.
Fillyourcar’sgastank.
Checkbatteriesandstockuponcannedfood,firstaidsupplies,drinkingwater,andmedications.
5.KnowWhattoDoWhenaHurricaneWARNINGIssued
Listentotheadviceoflocalofficials,andleaveiftheytellyoutodoso.
Completepreparationactivities.
Ifyouarenotadvisedtoevacuate,stayindoors,awayfromwindows.Remainindoors,inthecenterofyourhome,inaclosetorbathroomwithoutwindows.Stayawayfromfloodwaters.Ifyoucomeuponafloodedroad,turnaroundandgoanotherway.
6.KnowWhattoDoAfteraHurricaneIsOver
KeeplisteningtolocalradioorTVstationsforinstructions.
Ifyouevacuated,returnhomewhenlocalofficialstellyouitissafetodoso.
Inspectyourhomefordamage.
Useflashlightsinthedark;donotusecandles.