小學(xué)英語語法優(yōu)秀教案
發(fā)表時間:2020-12-04高考英語語法知識情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣復(fù)習(xí)。
(原創(chuàng)精品)普通高考英語科語法知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)
專題08情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣
I.情態(tài)動詞基本用法
情態(tài)動詞
用法
否定式
疑問式
簡答式
can
能力(體力,智力,技能)
允許或許可(口語中常用)
可能性(表猜測,用于否定句或疑問句中)
cannot/cannot/can’tdo
Can…do…?
Yes,…can.
No,…can’t.
could
couldn’tdo
may
可以(問句中表示請求)
可能,或許(表推測)
祝愿(用于倒裝句中)
maynotdo
May…do…?
Yes,…may.
No,…mustn’t/can’t.
might
mightnotdo
Might…do…?
Yes,…might
No,…mightnot.
must
必須,應(yīng)該(表主觀要求)
肯定,想必(肯定句中表推測)
mustnot/mustn’tdo
Must…do…?to.
Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t/don’thave
haveto
只好,不得不(客觀的必須,有時態(tài)和人稱的變化)
don’thavetodo
Do…h(huán)avetodo…?
Yes,…do.
No,…don’t.
oughtto
應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)責(zé)任,口語中多用should)
oughtnotto/oughtn’ttodo
Ought…todo…?
Yes,…ought.
No,…oughtn’t.
shall
用于一三人稱征求對方意見
用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等
shallnot/shan’tdo
Shall…do…?
Yes,…shall.
No,…shan’t.
should
應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該(表義務(wù)責(zé)任)
本該(含有責(zé)備意味)
shouldnot/shouldn’tdo
Should…do…?
will
意愿,決心
請求,建議,用在問句中would比較委婉
willnot/won’tdo
Will/Would…do…?
Yes,…will.
No,…won’t.
would
wouldnot/wouldn’tdo
dare
敢(常用于否定句和疑問句中)
darenot/daren’tdo
Dare…do…?
Yes,…dare.
No,…daren’t.
need
需要,必須(常用于否定句和疑問句中)
neednot/needn’tdo
Need…do…?
Yes,…must.No,…needn’t.
usedto
過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再)
usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttodo
didn’tusetodo
Used…todo…?
Did…usetodo…?
Yes,…used.
No,…use(d)n’t.
Yes,…did.
No,…didn’t.
II.情態(tài)動詞的重點知識
表示“能力、許可”的can和may
表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
表示許可時用may/might,can/could都可以,但在問句中用could…?或might…?以使口氣委婉客氣,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口氣明確(must表示一定,必須,mustn’t表示禁止,不許可)。
①—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
②Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/may
C.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybut
everyone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
表示“推斷、判斷”的can
may,must
在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性。
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性:
Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t時用以代替mustn’t,語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
在疑問句只能用can,不能用may和must。
Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
need
need作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式,只用于否定句和疑問句。
dare
dare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式:dare和dared兩個詞形,除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外,還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.Idon’tknowwhetherhe
daresay.
注意:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.(否定句)
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?(疑問句)
shall
用于第一人稱:征求對方的意見。
Whatshallwedothisevening?
用于第二、三人稱:警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.警告
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.允諾
Heshallbepunished.威脅
should
勸告、建議、命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。
Youshould(oughtto)gotoclassrightaway.
Ishould(oughtto)helphimbecauseheisintrouble.
will/would
請求、建議,would比will委婉客氣。
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
表示意志、愿望和決心。
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.(傷口老是不能愈合)
would表示估計或猜想。
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法
could+havedone:本可以做而實際上未能做。
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
cannot+havedone:表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測。
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
can+主語+havedone:表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定(用在疑問句中)。
Canhehavegotthebook?
might(may)+havedone:對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
must+havedone:對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。
其否定式為:cannothavedone。
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
needn’t+havedone:本來不必要做的而實際上又做了。
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意:didn’tneedto(haveto)do:
沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
should(oughtto)+havedone:本來應(yīng)該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,
forIworkedtouseit.
注意:Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.(表推測)
虛擬語氣
類別
用法
例句
If引導(dǎo)的
條件從句
與現(xiàn)在事實相反
從句動詞:過去式(be用were)
主句動詞:should/would/could/might+do
Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
與過去事實相反
從句動詞:had+done
主句動詞:should/would/could/might+have+done
IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
與將來事實相反
從句動詞:過去式/should+動詞原形/were+todo
主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形
Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
省略if的虛擬條件句
將虛擬條件從句中的were,had,should放到主語之前,構(gòu)成主謂倒裝
①Shouldhecome,tellhimtoringmeup.
②WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoit.
③HadIbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
混合虛擬條件句
不同時間的虛擬:各遵守各的規(guī)則
①Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.
②Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.
③IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.
虛擬與陳述的混合:各遵守各的規(guī)則
①Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
②Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
含蓄虛擬
條件句
butfor+名詞表示虛擬條件
句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試題。
---Butforyourtimelywarning,we______intogreattrouble.
---Youknowwe’refriends.
A.wouldgetB.musthavegot
C.wouldhavegotD.can’thavegot
without+名詞表示虛擬條件
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
動詞不定式表示虛擬條件
Itwouldbeonlypartlyrighttofollowinthisway.
如果用這種方式,僅僅對了一半。
現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件
Havingknownintime,wemighthavepreventedtheaccident.要是及時得知的話,我們也許能阻止這場事故。
過去分詞表示虛擬條件
Givenmoreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.
如果多留心的話,這樹本來可以長的更好。
副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件
Iwastoobusyatthattime.Otherwise,Iwouldhavecalledyou.我當(dāng)時太忙,否則我就給你打電話了。
連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件
He_____fatterbutheeatstoolittle.
A.wouldbecomeB.wouldhavebecome
C.mustbecomeD.musthavebecome
其它
狀語從句
asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用did或had+done或would/could/might+do。
注意:asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣:
當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時:
Itsoundsasifitisraining.聽起來像是在下雨。
Hetalksasifheisdrunk.從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。
①與現(xiàn)在事實相反
Hetalksasifheknewwhereshewas.
②與過去事實相反
HetalksaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore.
③與將來事實相反
Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.
inorderthat/sothat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/might/would等+do
Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.
賓語從句
demand,suggest,order,insist后接的從句中動詞為should+do
Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.
wish后的從句中分別用過去式,過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現(xiàn)在,過去和將來情況相反
IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.
IwishIwouldhavegonetoShanghailastmonth.
主語從句
在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…
Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等從句中,
謂語動詞用should+do
Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.
其它
句型中
Itistimethat…句型中動詞用過去式或should+do
It’shightimethatweleft/shouldleave.
wouldrather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式
Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.
Ifonly句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式,表示強烈的愿望
Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!
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情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣
情態(tài)動詞
1.考查情態(tài)動詞的基本用法
①shall用于一、三人稱疑問句表示征求對方意見;用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等;may表示“允許、可以”,語氣比較委婉。
②must用于疑問句,表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩,意思為“偏偏,偏要”,mustn’t表示禁止,是說話人強有力的勸告。cannot表示“不可能”;neednot表示“不必要”;maynot表示“可能不,可以不”。
③needn’t表示“沒有必要”
④would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向
⑤表示經(jīng)過努力而成功的某一次動作,只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could;could還可以表示過去的某種能力
⑥考查情態(tài)動詞用作答語的情況
2.考查情態(tài)動詞+動詞不定式一般式表推測的用法
①肯定的推測一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的語氣最強,譯為“肯定”、should的語氣次之,譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”;按常理推測的may(might),could語氣最弱,譯為“也許”。
②否定的推測:語氣不很肯定時,常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot,譯為“可能不”“也許不”;否定語氣較強時,則用can’t,譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會”,表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩
③疑問句中推測往往用can或could
3.考查情態(tài)動詞+動詞不定式的完成式表推測的用法
4.考查情態(tài)動詞+動詞不定式完成式的其他用法
①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式:本來應(yīng)該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
②needn’t+不定式的完成式:本來不必要做的而實際上又做了
③could+不定式的完成式:本可以做而實際上未能做,含有遺憾的意味
虛擬語氣
1.虛擬條件句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法
①與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句
②與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句
③與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句
2.虛擬語氣的活用
①時間錯綜虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
②省略if的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
③并列連詞或副詞暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
④介詞或介詞短語暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
⑤asif/asthough方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
⑥名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
⑦分詞短語暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
⑧上下文語境中的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
I.情態(tài)動詞
1.表示“能力、許可”的can/may
①表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
②表示許可時用may/might,can/could都可以,但在問句中用could…?
或might…?以使口氣委婉客氣,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口氣明確(must表示一
定,必須,mustn’t表示禁止,不許可)
—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
③在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。
如不可以說:Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup
而要說:theywereableto/managedtojumpinto…
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用:
Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday.
④表示許可時用may/can都可以。只不過用may時較側(cè)重講話人的許可,而can較側(cè)重客觀情況的許可,must則表示必須做某事。
2.表示“推斷、判斷”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最為肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性:
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性:Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此時can’t用以代替mustn’t,語氣比maynot更強。can’t中文可以翻譯為“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻譯為“可能不”。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
③在疑問句只能用can,不能用may和must
Hemaybeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
3.表示“請求、提議”(用在疑問句中)的can和could,這時could比can語氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)
Can(Could)yougivemealifttothestation?
你(您)能不能讓我搭你(您)的車去車站呀?
4.表示“驚訝、懷疑”(用在疑問句中)的can和could,這時could比can語氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)
Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?這個時候到底會是誰呢?
5.構(gòu)成下列特殊句式的can
①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“無論怎么……也不為過分,越……越好,非常……”
Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon.
既然是好事情,我們越早開始做越好。
②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住,不由得,不得不”
IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每當(dāng)我看到這幅畫時,我都禁不住要鑒賞它。
Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.
親密的朋友去世時,你會不由得感到悲傷。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此時句子用倒裝語序
Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他長命百歲!
MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
用于人稱意義
shall第一、三人稱征求對方的意見
第二、三人稱說話人給對方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅
用于法律、法規(guī)等條文中應(yīng)……,須……,得……
Whatshallwedothisevening?
注意:may用于征求對方的許可,而shall用于征求對方的意見或指示:
MayIhavealook?我能看一看嗎?
ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看嗎?
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允諾)
Heshallbepunished.(威脅)
Thefineshallbegivenincash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。
should意義
①(表義務(wù)、責(zé)任的)應(yīng)該
②(表預(yù)期的)應(yīng)該會,想必會,一定……會把
③(表驚訝、遺憾的)竟然、居然
④(與疑問詞連用,表意外、驚訝、納悶等的)究竟是,到底
⑤(用于表示命令、建議、請求等詞后面的that從句中,且should可以省略)應(yīng)該,必須
①Youshouldapologizetohim.
②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.
③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.
④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我當(dāng)究竟是誰進(jìn)來了呢,原來是我的老朋友貝蒂呀。
⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind.
Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind.
注意:oughtto表示“應(yīng)該”(與should同義,只是語氣稍重一些),也可表示推測。
Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Heoughttobehomebynow.
8.will/would
①請求、建議,would比will委婉客氣
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
②表示意志、愿望和決心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
③可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
④表示估計或猜想
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
9.dare和need
①need作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式,只用于否定句和疑問句。
②dare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩中形式:dare和dared兩個詞形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外,還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.
Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.
Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
10.情態(tài)動詞+havedone的用法
①could+havedone:本可以做而實際上未能做
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
②cannot+havedone:表示對過去行為的否定推測
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
③can+主語+havedone:表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定
Canhehavegotthebook?
④might(may)+havedone:對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightmay)
⑤must+havedone:對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為:cannothavedone
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
⑥needn’t+havedone:本來不必要做的而實際上又做了
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意:didn’tneedto(haveto)do:沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
⑦should(oughtto)+havedone:本來應(yīng)該做而實際上又沒有做。
其否定形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
注意:本結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表“推測”的意思
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.
到現(xiàn)在他應(yīng)該已經(jīng)做完那項工作了。
11.其它情態(tài)動詞
①haveto
haveto表示“必須,不得不”,在這個意義上與must很接近,但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而
haveto表示的卻是客觀需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。
TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone.
Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers.
注意:在回答must的問句時,否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用
mustnot,因為mustnot表示“不可以”。
②usedto
表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)(現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)如此)
—Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother?
—Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t).
注意:would也可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向,但是不涉及到現(xiàn)在。
③hadbetter
表示“最好(做……)”
Wehadbettergonow.
其否定式為hadbetternot
II.虛擬語氣
(一)一般虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
類別用法例句
If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句動詞:過去式(be用were)
主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
與過去事實相反從句動詞:had+過去分詞
主句動詞:should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
與將來事實相反從句動詞:過去式/should+動詞原形/were+不定式
主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
注意:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美國英語中,should常被would代替;從句中的should可用于各種人稱,且不可以被would所代替。
(二)混合虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.不同時間的虛擬
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.(從句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反)
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(從句與過去事實相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(從句與現(xiàn)在事實相反,主句與過去事實相反)
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(從句與過去事實相反,and后面的主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反)
2.虛擬與陳述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
(三)特殊句式虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.省略連詞if。在書面語中,如果虛擬條件從句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把這幾個詞放到主語之前,構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。
Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來了,讓他給我打個電話。
WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做這事。
2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+賓語從句(should)do
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意:當(dāng)suggest表示暗示,insist表示堅持觀點,事實時,后接的賓語從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用真實語氣。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that從句(should)do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表語從句(should)do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位語從句(should)do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that從句(should)do表驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、不滿、理應(yīng)如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然)
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理應(yīng)如此)
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表驚訝、不滿)
7.wish+thatclause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)
wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do與將來相反)
wish+thatclause(haddone與過去相反)
IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.
IwishIhadnevermethim.
8.Itis(high/about)time+從句(did或shoulddo)
Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.
9.wouldrather+clause(did與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?;(haddone與過去相反)
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.
10.省去條件從句或主句:表示虛擬語氣的主句或從句有時可以省略,但其含義仍可以推知。
①省去條件從句
Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。
省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事實是:你自己沒洗衣服,因為你不想洗。)
②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would/could/might+do與將來相反)/(haddone與過去相反)“要是…….就好了“
Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實是:祖母已不在世。)
Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她沒走就好了!(事實是:她已經(jīng)走了。)
Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!
IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!
IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!
注意:onlyif是“只要”的意思,從句中用陳述語氣。
11.asif+clause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would/could/might+do與將來相反)/(haddone與過去相反)
ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething
Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme.
13.butfor+名詞
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
14.注意虛擬條件從句的特殊形式
Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
15.注意轉(zhuǎn)折語氣連詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.
ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.
Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldnthavebeenprevented.
Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.
16.注意分詞和獨立結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣
Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.
Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.
1.Whydidntyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow.
A.neednthavedriven;throughB.canthavedriven;across
C.mustnthavedriven;throughD.shouldnthavedriven;cross
2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare?
—Justbecausesheisyoursister.
A.canB.shouldC.willD.may
3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.
—You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.
A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave
4.—Theconcertwaswonderful!
—Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday!
A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo
5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends.
A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe
6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown.
A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached
C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached
7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading?
—No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto
9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper.
A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can
10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?
—Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem.
A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown
13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened
14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater.
A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went
15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?
—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.
A.mightB.mustC.canD.should
16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank.
A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto
17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?
—No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?
—Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free.
A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen;mustbeset
20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore.
A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited
C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit
21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought
22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?
—I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisntmuchtimeleft,Idratherwe________ataxi.
A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired
23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself.
—She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest.
A.needntto,darestohttp:/B.doesntneed,dares C.neednotto,daretoD.neednt,dare
24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions.
A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed
C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed
25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.
A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell
26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/
A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden,sothedoctorstrongly
recommendedthatheaholiday.
A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take
28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor?
—Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon.
A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut
29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth.
A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were
30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto
31.________theproblem,hewouldnthavecommittedthosemistakes.
A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood
32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize.
—Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight!
A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose
33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday?
—Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty.
A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones.
A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered
C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered
35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe
job?
—____mystudentshaveatry?
A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should
1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC
21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA
高三英語教案:《語法知識情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣》教學(xué)設(shè)計
II.情態(tài)動詞的重點知識
表示“能力、許可”的can和may表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/couldA computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.might not表示許可時用may/might ,can/could 都可以,但在問句中用could…?或might…? 以使口氣委婉客氣,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口氣明確(must表示一定,必須,mustn’t表示禁止,不許可)。①—Could I call you by your first name? —Yes, you______A.will B.could C.may D.might②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself.A.won’t/can’t B.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/must D.can’t/shouldn’t在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力,而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly buteveryone_____get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to表示“推斷、判斷”的canmay,must在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實上的可能性。Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性:Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times.在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t時用以代替mustn’t,語氣比may更肯定。中文可以翻譯為不可能。Michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short.A.needn’t B.can’t C.should D.may在疑問句只能用can,不能用may和must。He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now?need
need作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式,只用于否定句和疑問句。dare
dare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式:dare和dared兩個詞形,除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外,還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。If he dare come,I will kick him out. I don’t know whether hedare say.注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.(否定句)Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?(疑問句)shall用于第一人稱:征求對方的意見。What shall we do this evening?用于第二、三人稱:警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告He shall have the book when I finish reading.允諾He shall be punished.威脅should
勸告、建議、命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。You should(ought to) go to class right away.I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble.will/would
請求、建議,would比will委婉客氣。Would you pass me the book?表示意志、愿望和決心。I will never do that again.They asked us if we would do that againwould可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。During the vacation he would visit me every weekThe wound would not heal.(傷口老是不能愈合)would表示估計或猜想。It would be about ten when he left home.What would she be doing there?情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法could+have done:本可以做而實際上未能做。You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.cannot+ have done:表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測。He cannot have been to that town.can+主語+ have done:表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定(用在疑問句中)。Can he have got the book?might(may)+ have done:對過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測。He may not have finished the work.If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.must+ have done:對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為:cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.needn’t+ have done:本來不必要做的而實際上又做了。You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain.注意:didn’t need to(have to)do:沒有必要做而實際上也沒有做I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago.should(ought to)+ have done:本來應(yīng)該做而實際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。You should have started earlier, but you didn’t.She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape,for I worked to use it.注意:He should have finished the work by now.(表推測)虛擬語氣
類 別
用 法
例 句
If引導(dǎo)的
條件從句
與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句動詞:過去式(be用were)主句動詞:should/would/could/might+doIf he were here, he would help us.與過去事實相反從句動詞:had+done主句動詞:should/would/could/might+have+doneIf I had been free,I would have visited you.與將來事實相反從句動詞:過去式/should+動詞原形/were+to do主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.省略if的虛擬條件句
將虛擬條件從句中的were,had,should放到主語之前,構(gòu)成主謂倒裝①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.②Were I you,I would not do it.③Had I been free,I would have visited you.混合虛擬條件句
不同時間的虛擬:各遵守各的規(guī)則
①If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now.③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.虛擬與陳述的混合:各遵守各的規(guī)則
①He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough.②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago.含蓄虛擬
條件句
but for+名詞表示虛擬條件
句子或主句中的謂語動詞的形式視具體情況而定。這是考查考生應(yīng)變能力的最佳試題。---But for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble.---You know we’re friends.A. would get B. must have gotC. would have got D. can’t have gotwithout+名詞表示虛擬條件
Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.動詞不定式表示虛擬條件
It would be only partly right to follow in this way.如果用這種方式,僅僅對了一半。現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件
Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及時得知的話,我們也許能阻止這場事故。過去分詞表示虛擬條件
Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.如果多留心的話,這樹本來可以長的更好。副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件
I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.我當(dāng)時太忙,否則我就給你打電話了。連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件
He _____fatter but he eats too little .A. would become B. would have becomeC. must become D. must have become其它
狀語從句
as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用did或had+done或would/could/might+do。注意:as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣:當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實時:It sounds as if it is raining.聽起來像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk.從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。①與現(xiàn)在事實相反He talks as if he knew where she was.②與過去事實相反He talks aboutRomeas if he had been there before.③與將來事實相反He opened his mouth as if he would say something.in order that/so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+doTurn on the light so that we can see it clearly.賓語從句
demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+doHe suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的從句中分別用過去式,過去完成式和should/would+do表示與現(xiàn)在,過去和將來情況相反I wish I could be a pop singer.I wish I would have gone toShanghailast month.主語從句
在It is necessary / important / strange that…It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等從句中,謂語動詞用should+doIt is strange that such a person should be our friends.其它
句型中
It is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+doIt’s high time that we left/should leave.would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式,表示強烈的愿望If only our dream had情態(tài)動詞
用 法
否定式
疑問式
簡答式
can
能力(體力,智力,技能)允許或許可(口語中常用)可能性(表猜測,用于否定句或疑問句中)can not / cannot /can’t doCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.could
couldn’t domay
可以(問句中表示請求)可能,或許(表推測)祝愿(用于倒裝句中)may not doMay…do…?Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.might
might not doMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…might not.must
必須,應(yīng)該(表主觀要求)肯定,想必(肯定句中表推測)must not/mustn’t doMust…do…? to.Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’t havehave to
只好,不得不(客觀的必須,有時態(tài)和人稱的變化)don’t have to doDo…h(huán)ave to do…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.ought to
應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)責(zé)任,口語中多用should)ought not to/oughtn’t to doOught…to do…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.shall
用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shall not/shan’t doShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should
應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該(表義務(wù)責(zé)任)本該(含有責(zé)備意味)should not/shouldn’t doShould…do…?will
意愿,決心請求,建議,用在問句中would比較委婉will not/won’t doWill/Would…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.would
would not/wouldn’t dodare
敢(常用于否定句和疑問句中)dare not/daren’t doDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need
需要,必須(常用于否定句和疑問句中)need not/needn’t doNeed…do…?Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.used to
過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再)used not/usedn’t/usen’t to dodidn’t use to doUsed…to do…?Did…use to do…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.高考英語虛擬語氣語法講解
語法講解:虛擬語氣
一、語氣的定義和種類
l.語氣:語氣是動詞的一種形式,它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。
2.語氣的種類
(1)陳述語氣:表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的,用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如:Wearenotready.我們沒準(zhǔn)備好。Whatafinedayitis!多好的天氣??!
(2)祈使語氣:表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。如:Openthedoor,please.請打開門。
(3)虛擬語氣:表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實,而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。如:IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你,我就學(xué)英語了。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功!
二、虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法
條件句有兩類,一類是真實條件句,一類是虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的,就是真實條件句。在這種真實條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如:Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨,我們就去公園。
如果假設(shè)的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的,或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的,則是虛擬條件句。如:Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天見到你,他會問你這件事的。(事實上他昨天沒見到你,因此也未能問你這件事。)
在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中,主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣?,F(xiàn)將虛擬條件從句和主句的動詞形式列表如下:
從句主句
與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞的過去式(be的過去式一般用were)would/should/could/might+動詞原形
與過去事實相反had+過去分詞would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞
與將來事實相反動詞過去式,should+動詞原形,wereto+動詞原形would/should/could/might+動詞原形
注:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美國英語中,should常被would代替;從句中的should可用于各種人稱。
l.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如:Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在這兒,一切都沒問題了。
2.表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如:Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnt(couldnt)havefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建議去做,你一定不會(不可能)考試不及格。
3.表示與將來事實可能相反的假設(shè)和結(jié)果。如:IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishould(would,could,might)gotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天,我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪,他們將不出去了。
4.有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致(表示錯綜時間的虛擬語氣),這時動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。例如:Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你當(dāng)初聽了醫(yī)生的話,身體現(xiàn)在就好了。(從句動作指過去,主句動作指現(xiàn)在)
5.虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式
(l)省略連詞if.在書面語中,如果虛擬條件從句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把這幾個詞放到主語之前,構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。例如:Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來了,讓他給我打個電話。WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做這事。
(2)用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。有時假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示出來,而是通過介詞短語來表示。如:Withoutair(Iftherewerenotair),therewouldbenolivingthings.如果沒有空氣的話,就不會有生物了。Butforyourhelp(Ifithadntbeenforyourhelp)Icouldnthavedoneit.要是沒有你的幫助,我就不可能完成這件事。
假設(shè)的情況有時可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如:Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadntbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)我那天很忙,否則,我就和他們一起去那兒了。(如果我那天不忙的話,我就……);Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadntbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)我本來該完成這項工作的,但我生病了。(如果我沒生病的話,我就會完成……)
6.省去條件從句或主句:表示虛擬語氣的主句或從句有時可以省略,但其含義仍可以推知。
(1)省去條件從句。如:Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto"(事實是:你自己沒洗衣服,因為你不想洗。)
(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如:Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好?。。ㄊ聦嵤牵鹤婺敢巡辉谑?。);Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她沒走就好了?。ㄊ聦嵤牵核呀?jīng)走了。)
l.虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法:在“Itisimportant(strange,natural,necessary)that……”這類句型里,that所引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動詞常用“should十動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事是“重要”“奇怪”“自然”“必要”等意義。如:Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每個成員知道這些規(guī)則。
2.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法
(1)在動詞wish后的賓語從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反,或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望,從句通常省略連詞that.1)表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動詞用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式(be動詞一般用were)。如:IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道這個問題的答案。(可惜不知道);2)表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用“had十過去分詞”。如:Iwish(wished)Ihadntspentsomuchmoney.我后悔不該花那么多錢。(實際上已經(jīng)花掉);3)表示對將來的主觀愿望:謂語動詞形式為“would十動詞原形”。此時要注意,主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同,因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn),取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動物名詞除外)。如:Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.但愿你立刻來。
(2)在suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire等動詞后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,表示建議、要求、命令等。如:Idemandthathe(should)answermeimmediately.我要求他立刻答復(fù)我。
3.虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法
(1)在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,主句和從句都用虛擬語氣,動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病,他也去辦公室。
(2)由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或“had十過去分詞”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那樣對待我,好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?,就好像她確實看過一樣。
注:如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生,那么方式狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。
(3)在inorderthat或sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中,謂語動詞多用“could或might(有時也用should)+動詞原形”。如:Mr.greenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould(might)hearclearly.格林先生說得很慢,好讓學(xué)生聽清楚。
4.虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法:在“Itistime(that)……”句型中,定語從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣表示將來,動詞形式一般用過去式,意思是“該干某事的時候了”。如:Its(high)timewedidourhomework.我們該做作業(yè)了。
5.虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法
(1)情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌,或委婉的語氣,常見于日常會話中。如:Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好別太晚睡覺。
(2)在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中。如:Iwouldrathernottellyou.我寧愿不告訴你。
(3)用“may+動詞原形”表示“祝愿”“但愿”,此時may須置于句首(多用于正式文體中)。如:Mayyoubehappy!祝你快樂!Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你順利。
高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語考案:情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語考案:情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣
1.—Thatmustbeamistake.
—No,it_____amistake.
A.mustnotbe B.needn’tbe C.cannotbe D.wouldnotbe
2.—_____IwaterthetreesonTuesday?
—No,youneedn’t.
A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Shall
3.He_____notpayunlessheispunishedtopay.
A.shallB.willC.canD.would
4.I_____suchamistakeagain.
A.shallnevermakeB.maynevermake
C.canneverdoD.needneverdo
5.—_____Iturnontheradio?
—You’dbetternot.Itisnoisyenoughinthisroom.
A.ShallB.MustC.NeedD.Do
6.Let’sgotothelibrarythisafternoon,_____?
A.shallweB.willweC.canweD.shouldwe
7.Wherearemykeys?I_____lostthem.
A.oughttoB.shouldhave C.willhave D.musthave
8.Evenifhehastime,he_____shoppingintownonSunday.
A.won’tgoB.willgoC.won’tgotoD.doesn’tgo
9.He_____finishedearlier.
A.shallhaveB.oughttoC.couldhave D.musthave
10.IncaseI_____,Iwouldtryagain.
A.willfailB.wouldmiss C.shouldfail D.shallmiss
11.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,_____lastnight.
A.itmustrainB.itmusthaverained
C.itmustberainedD.itmusthavebeenrained
12.Heaskedmeifhe_____openthewindow.
A.shallB.wouldC.willD.should
13.Everyone_____dohisbesttomaketheworldsafeandclean.
A.canB.mayC.shouldD.hadto
14._____tohavelunchwithustoday?
A.Doyoulike B.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikeD.Haveyoulike
15.—Willyoulendmeyourbook?
—Yes,I_____.
A.willB.needC.canD.must
16.IfIhadtime,_____seethatnewmovieattheCapitalTheater.
A.IwillB.ImayC.IshallD.Iwould
17.TheEnglishofhercompositionistoogood.Shecan’t_____itherself.
A.havetowriteB.havewritten C.writeD.bewritten
18.You_____thelookonhisfacewhenhewonthelottery.
A.wouldhaveseenB.canbeseeing C.mustseeD.maysee
19.Thelightisoutinherroom;she_____tobed.
A.musthavegoneB.hadgoneC.mustbegoingD.mustgo
20.They_____thatfar;buttheystoppedtohaveasnackontheway.
A.mightbegoneB.neededgoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone
21.He_____tothefarmyesterday.
A.needgoB.neededgoC.hastogoD.hadtogo
22.HeissostrongthatI_____fightagainsthim.
A.darenotB.diddarenot C.didn’tdaretoD.darenotto
23.Icouldn’t_____crywhileIwaswatchingthemovie“Tolive A.helptoB.helpC.helpbutto D.helpbut
24.TheyaskedTomtogivehimadrink,buthe_____.
A.hadn’tB.wasn’tC.wouldn’tD.could
25.Asphysicsishardenough,I_____studyit.
A.amnotableB.couldn’tC.amnotableto D.cannot
26.You_____tothemeetingthismorningifyouhavesomethingimportanttodoA.needn’ttocomeB.don’tneedcome
C.don’tneedcomingD.needn’tcome
27._____youfetchmesomehotwater?
A.Can B.MayC.MustD.Might
28.You_____getdownthebusuntilthebushasstopped.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.don’t
29.—Wouldyoucomeandjoinus?
—IwishI_____.Iambusyatthemoment.
A.canB.couldC.wouldD.should
30.You_____right,butIdon’tthinkyouare.
A.maybeB.couldbeC.wouldbeD.shouldbe
31.Shelookssosad.She_____ill.
A.canbeB.shouldbe C.mustbeD.willbe
32.He_____away.Wedon’tseehimanywherearound.
A.maygoB.mustgoC.cangoD.musthavegone
33.Heismuchricherthanwhathe_____.
A.wouldbeB.mustbeC.usedtobeD.couldbe
34.Thelittlekid_____nottouchthedog.
A.needB.dareC.oughtD.could
35.Iwanttogotothehospital,butyou_____withme.
A.needtonottogoB.donotneedgoC.neednotgo D.needgonot
36.Whenhewasold,MrSmith_____sitforhourswithoutsayinganything.
A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.will
37.Mary_____beinLondonbecauseIsawherintownjustnow.
A.mustn’tB.isn’tabletoC.maynotD.cannot
38.Thedoorisstillclosed.He_____thekey.
A.musthavelostB.mustlose C.needhavelostD.canlost
39.Thebushadleft,sowe_____walkhome.
A.havetoB.oughtC.hadtoD.must
40.You_____seeher,butImust.
A.haven’tB.cannotC.mustn’tD.needn’t
41.“_____youplaybaseball?”“No,I_______”.
A.Can;mayB.Can’t;can’tC.May;can’tD.can;can
42.“______Ihandinthepaperthisweek?”“No,you______.You_____handitinnextweek.
A.Must;needn’t;mayB.will;mustn’t;oughtto
C.Shall;can’t;havetoD.Should;didn’thaveto;can
43.Therewerealready4peopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakeJohnaswell.It______acomfortablejourney.
A.can’tbeB.wouldn’tbe
C.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen
44.It’snearlyeighto’clock.They______behereatanymoment.
A.mustB.canC.shouldD.need
45.“______Itakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?”“Sorry,you_____.”
A.May;mustn’tB.Must;can’t
C.will;didn’thavetoC.Can;aren’tableto
46.Thebosssaytothesecretary,“Ifyouworkwell,you_____havearise.”
A.shallB.wouldC.mustD.ought
47.Let’ssingasong,______we?
A.willB.can’tC.shallD.do
48.“______yougososoon?”“No,I______goyet.”
AMust;mustn’tB.Shall;won’tC.Can;maynotD.Must;needn’t
49.ThebookIborrowedfromthelibraryisn’there.Who__________?
A.couldhavetakenitB.musthavetakenit
C.mighttakeitD.shouldtakeit.
50.“Theywenttothelecture,butithadbeenputoff.”“Oh,sothey_______.”
A.needn’thavegoneB.shouldhavegone
C.mustn’thavegoneD.don’tneedtogo
51.“________Ihaveaglassofbeer?”“No,I’mafraidyou________.”
A.Can’t;can’tB.Could;won’tC.May;daren’tD.Shall;may
52.“Isn’tthatTomplayingbasketball?”“It______be;hefellofftheladderyesterdayandgotbadlyhurt.”
A.mustn’tB.wouldrathernotC.couldn’tD.wouldn’t
53.“Needhego?”“Yes,he______.”
A.needB.canC.mayD.must
54.Tellmehowyouworkouttheanswer,_______you?
A.canB.willC.don’tD.shan’t
55.Youpromisedyourfriendaletter;yououghtto______daysago.
A.writeB.bewritingC.havewrittenD.bewritten
56.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.
A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
57.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.
A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for58.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone
59.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbeset
C.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
60.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____
A.can;itB./;/C.would;itD.may;/
61.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.
A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being
62.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.
A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent
63.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.
A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting
64.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
65._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.
A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe
66._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave
67.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.
A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensaved
C.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved
68.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have
69.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
70.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.
A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent
71.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.
A.havecaughtB.hadcaught
C.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch
72.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”
---“No,butIwishI_____”
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
73.I’mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.
A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfail
C.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed
74.---“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”
---“Idon’tknow,butit’shightime_____something.”
A.I’mdecidingB.I’lldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide
75.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?
A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow
76.IfonlyI_____mywatch!
A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tlostD.don’tlose
77.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.
A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake
C.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade
78.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.
A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinished
C.couldn’thavefinishedD.can’thavefinished
79.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”
---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_____sooner.”
A.IwouldbehereB.Ihavebeenhere
C.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere
80.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe
81.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.
A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
82.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.
A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for
83.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone
84.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbeset
C.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
85.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____.
A.can;itB./;/C.would;itD.may;/
86.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.
A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being
87.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.
A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent
88.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.
A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting
89.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
90._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.
A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe
91._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave
92.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.
A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensaved
C.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved
93.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have
94.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
95.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.
A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent
96.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.
A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch
97.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”
---“No,butIwishI_____”
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
98.I’mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.
A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfail
C.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed
99.---“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”
---“Idon’tknow,butit’shightime_____something.”
A.I’mdecidingB.I’lldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide
100.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?
A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow
101.IfonlyI_____mywatch!
A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tlostD.don’tlose
102.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.
A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake
C.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade
103.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.
A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinished
C.couldn’thavefinishedD.can’thavefinished
104.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”
---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_____sooner.”
A.IwouldbehereB.Ihavebeenhere
C.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere
105.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe
參考答案:1—5CBBAA 6—10ADACC 11—15BDCBA 16—20DBAAC21—25DADCC 26—30DACBA 31—35CDCBC36—40ADACD41-45BADCA46-50ACDAA51-55ACDBC56-60.CAABB61-65.BCBCB66-70.CAABDB71—75.CDCCA76-80.ADCDC81-85.CAABB86-90.BCBCB91-95.CAABDB96—100.CDCCA101-105.ADCDC