高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-12-04高考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
①shall用于一、三人稱疑問句表示征求對(duì)方意見;用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等;may表示“允許、可以”,語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。
②must用于疑問句,表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩,意思為“偏偏,偏要”,mustn’t表示禁止,是說話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告。cannot表示“不可能”;neednot表示“不必要”;maynot表示“可能不,可以不”。
③needn’t表示“沒有必要”
④would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向
⑤表示經(jīng)過努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作,只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could;could還可以表示過去的某種能力
⑥考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用作答語(yǔ)的情況
2.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表推測(cè)的用法
①肯定的推測(cè)一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),譯為“肯定”、should的語(yǔ)氣次之,譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”;按常理推測(cè)的may(might),could語(yǔ)氣最弱,譯為“也許”。
②否定的推測(cè):語(yǔ)氣不很肯定時(shí),常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot,譯為“可能不”“也許不”;否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí),則用can’t,譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”,表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩
③疑問句中推測(cè)往往用can或could
3.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表推測(cè)的用法
4.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成式的其他用法
①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式:本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
②needn’t+不定式的完成式:本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了
③could+不定式的完成式:本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做,含有遺憾的意味
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.虛擬條件句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法
①與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句②與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
③與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的活用
①時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
②省略if的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
③并列連詞或副詞暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
④介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
⑤asif/asthough方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
⑥名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
⑦分詞短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
⑧上下文語(yǔ)境中的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
I.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1.表示“能力、許可”的can/may
①表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
②表示許可時(shí)用may/might,can/could都可以,但在問句中用could…?
或might…?以使口氣委婉客氣,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口氣明確(must表示一定,必須,mustn’t表示禁止,不許可)
—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
③在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場(chǎng)合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。
如不可以說:Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup
而要說:theywereableto/managedtojumpinto…
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用:
Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday.
④表示許可時(shí)用may/can都可以。只不過用may時(shí)較側(cè)重講話人的許可,而can較側(cè)重客觀情況的許可,must則表示必須做某事。
2.表示“推斷、判斷”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語(yǔ)氣最為肯定,may表示的是事實(shí)上的可能性:
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性:Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此時(shí)can’t用以代替mustn’t,語(yǔ)氣比maynot更強(qiáng)。can’t中文可以翻譯為“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻譯為“可能不”。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
③在疑問句只能用can,不能用may和must
Hemaybeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.Canhebeverybusynow?
3.表示“請(qǐng)求、提議”(用在疑問句中)的can和could,這時(shí)could比can語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)
Can(Could)yougivemealifttothestation?
你(您)能不能讓我搭你(您)的車去車站呀?
4.表示“驚訝、懷疑”(用在疑問句中)的can和could,這時(shí)could比can語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)
Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?這個(gè)時(shí)候到底會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢?
5.構(gòu)成下列特殊句式的can
①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“無論怎么……也不為過分,越……越好,非?!?br>
Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon.
既然是好事情,我們?cè)皆玳_始做越好。
②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住,不由得,不得不”
IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每當(dāng)我看到這幅畫時(shí),我都禁不住要鑒賞它。
Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.
親密的朋友去世時(shí),你會(huì)不由得感到悲傷。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此時(shí)句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序
Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他長(zhǎng)命百歲!MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
用于人稱意義
Shall第一、三人稱征求對(duì)方的意見
第二、三人稱說話人給對(duì)方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅
用于法律、法規(guī)等條文中應(yīng)……,須……,得……
Whatshallwedothisevening?
注意:may用于征求對(duì)方的許可,而shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見或指示:
MayIhavealook?我能看一看嗎?
ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看嗎?
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允諾)
Heshallbepunished.(威脅)
Thefineshallbegivenincash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。
should意義
①(表義務(wù)、責(zé)任的)應(yīng)該
②(表預(yù)期的)應(yīng)該會(huì),想必會(huì),一定……會(huì)把
③(表驚訝、遺憾的)竟然、居然
④(與疑問詞連用,表意外、驚訝、納悶等的)究竟是,到底
⑤(用于表示命令、建議、請(qǐng)求等詞后面的that從句中,且should可以省略)應(yīng)該,必須
①Youshouldapologizetohim.
②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.
③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.
④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我當(dāng)究竟是誰(shuí)進(jìn)來了呢,原來是我的老朋友貝蒂呀。
⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind.
Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind.
注意:oughtto表示“應(yīng)該”(與should同義,只是語(yǔ)氣稍重一些),也可表示推測(cè)。
Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Heoughttobehomebynow.
8.will/would
①請(qǐng)求、建議,would比will委婉客氣
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
②表示意志、愿望和決心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
③可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
④表示估計(jì)或猜想
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
9.dare和need
①need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有一種形式,只用于否定句和疑問句。
②dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有兩中形式:dare和dared兩個(gè)詞形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外,還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.
Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.
Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
10.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone的用法
①could+havedone:本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
②cannot+havedone:表示對(duì)過去行為的否定推測(cè)
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
③can+主語(yǔ)+havedone:表示對(duì)過去行為的懷疑或不肯定
Canhehavegotthebook?
④might(may)+havedone:對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測(cè)
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightMAY)p
⑤must+havedone:對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測(cè)。其否定式為:cannothavedone
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
⑥needn’t+havedone:本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意:didn’tneedto(haveto)do:沒有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
⑦should(oughtto)+havedone:本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒有做。
其否定形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
注意:本結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表“推測(cè)”的意思
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.
到現(xiàn)在他應(yīng)該已經(jīng)做完那項(xiàng)工作了。
11.其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
①haveto
haveto表示“必須,不得不”,在這個(gè)意義上與must很接近,但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而haveto表示的卻是客觀需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。
TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone.
Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers.
注意:在回答must的問句時(shí),否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用
mustnot,因?yàn)閙ustnot表示“不可以”。
②usedto
表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)如此)
—Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother?
—Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t).
注意:would也可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向,但是不涉及到現(xiàn)在。
③hadbetter
表示“最好(做……)”
Wehadbettergonow.
其否定式為hadbetternot
II.虛擬語(yǔ)氣
(一)一般虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
類別用法例句
If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞:過去式(be用were)
主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
與過去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞:had+過去分詞
主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
與將來事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞:過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+不定式
主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
注意:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,should常被would代替;從句中的should可用于各種人稱,且不可以被would所代替。
(二)混合虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.不同時(shí)間的虛擬
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句與過去事實(shí)相反)
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,and后面的主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
2.虛擬與陳述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
(三)特殊句式虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.省略連詞if。在書面語(yǔ)中,如果虛擬條件從句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前,構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。
Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來了,讓他給我打個(gè)電話。
WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做這事。
2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+賓語(yǔ)從句(should)do
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意:當(dāng)suggest表示暗示,insist表示堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn),事實(shí)時(shí),后接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that從句(should)do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表語(yǔ)從句(should)do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位語(yǔ)從句(should)do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that從句(should)do表驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、不滿、理應(yīng)如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然)
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理應(yīng)如此)
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表驚訝、不滿)
7.wish+thatclause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)
wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do與將來相反)
wish+thatclause(haddone與過去相反)
IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.
IwishIhadnevermethim.
8.Itis(high/about)time+從句(did或shoulddo)
Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.
9.wouldrather+clause(did與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?;(haddone與過去相反)
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.
10.省去條件從句或主句:表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句或從句有時(shí)可以省略,但其含義仍可以推知。
①省去條件從句
Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。
省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事實(shí)是:你自己沒洗衣服,因?yàn)槟悴幌胂础?
②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would/could/might+do與將來相反)/(haddone與過去相反)“要是…….就好了“
Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實(shí)是:祖母已不在世。)
Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她沒走就好了!(事實(shí)是:她已經(jīng)走了。)
Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!
IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!
IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!
注意:onlyif是“只要”的意思,從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
11.asif+clause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would/could/might+do與將來相反)/(haddone與過去相反)
ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething
Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme.
13.butfor+名詞
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
14.注意虛擬條件從句的特殊形式
Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
15.注意轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣連詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.
ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.
Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldnthavebeenprevented.
Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.
16.注意分詞和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.
Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.
1.Whydidntyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow.
A.neednthavedriven;throughB.canthavedriven;across
C.mustnthavedriven;throughD.shouldnthavedriven;cross
2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare?
—Justbecausesheisyoursister.
A.canB.shouldC.willD.may
3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.
—You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.
A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave
4.—Theconcertwaswonderful!
—Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday!
A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo
5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends.
A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe
6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown.
A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached
C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached
7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading?
—No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto
9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper.
A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can
10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?
—Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem.
A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown
13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened
14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater.
A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went
15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?
—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.
A.mightB.mustC.canD.should
16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank.
A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto
17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?
—No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?
—Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free.
A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen;mustbeset
20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore.
A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited
C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit
21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought
22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?
—I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisntmuchtimeleft,Idratherwe________ataxi.
A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired
23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself.
—She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest.
A.needntto,darestohttp:/B.doesntneed,dares C.neednotto,daretoD.neednt,dare
24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions.
A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed
C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed
25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.
A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell
26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/
A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden,sothedoctorstrongly
recommendedthatheaholiday.
A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take
28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor?
—Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon.
A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut
29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth.
A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were
30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto
31.________theproblem,hewouldnthavecommittedthosemistakes.
A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood
32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize.
—Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight!
A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose
33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday?
—Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty.
A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones.
A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered
C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered
35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe
job?
—____mystudentshaveatry?
A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should
1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC
21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA
擴(kuò)展閱讀
高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)6情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一位優(yōu)秀的教師不打無準(zhǔn)備之仗,會(huì)提前做好準(zhǔn)備,教師在教學(xué)前就要準(zhǔn)備好教案,做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。教案可以讓學(xué)生更容易聽懂所講的內(nèi)容,讓教師能夠快速的解決各種教學(xué)問題。你知道怎么寫具體的教案內(nèi)容嗎?以下是小編為大家精心整理的“高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)6情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣”,歡迎大家閱讀,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
①shall用于一、三人稱疑問句表示征求對(duì)方意見;用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等;may表示“允許、可以”,語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。
②must用于疑問句,表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩,意思為“偏偏,偏要”,mustn’t表示禁止,是說話人強(qiáng)有力的勸告。cannot表示“不可能”;neednot表示“不必要”;maynot表示“可能不,可以不”。
③needn’t表示“沒有必要”
④would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向
⑤表示經(jīng)過努力而成功的某一次動(dòng)作,只能用was/wereableto,而不能用could;could還可以表示過去的某種能力
⑥考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用作答語(yǔ)的情況
2.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式一般式表推測(cè)的用法
①肯定的推測(cè)一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can),其中,must的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),譯為“肯定”、should的語(yǔ)氣次之,譯為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”;按常理推測(cè)的may(might),could語(yǔ)氣最弱,譯為“也許”。
②否定的推測(cè):語(yǔ)氣不很肯定時(shí),常用maynot,mightnot或couldnot,譯為“可能不”“也許不”;否定語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)時(shí),則用can’t,譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會(huì)”,表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩
③疑問句中推測(cè)往往用can或could
3.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式的完成式表推測(cè)的用法
4.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式完成式的其他用法
①should(oughtto)+不定式的完成式:本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
②needn’t+不定式的完成式:本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了
③could+不定式的完成式:本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做,含有遺憾的意味
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.虛擬條件句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法
①與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
②與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
③與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的活用
①時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
②省略if的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
③并列連詞或副詞暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
④介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
⑤asif/asthough方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
⑥名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
⑦分詞短語(yǔ)暗示的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
⑧上下文語(yǔ)境中的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
I.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1.表示“能力、許可”的can/may
①表示能力的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用can/could
Acomputer_____thinkforitself,itmustbetoldwhattodo.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot
②表示許可時(shí)用may/might,can/could都可以,但在問句中用could…?
或might…?以使口氣委婉客氣,其回答一定要用can或may,以使回答口氣明確(must表示一
定,必須,mustn’t表示禁止,不許可)
—CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?—Yes,you______
A.willB.couldC.mayD.might
Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.
A.won’t/can’tB.mustn’t/mayC.shouldn’t/mustD.can’t/shouldn’t
③在肯定句中could不可以用來表示過去某一特定場(chǎng)合的能力,而要用was/wereableto。
如不可以說:Theycouldjumpintotheseabeforetheboatwasblownup
而要說:theywereableto/managedtojumpinto…
Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
但在否定句中could/was(were)ableto可以通用:
Icouldn’t/wasn’tabletoseehimyeaterday.
④表示許可時(shí)用may/can都可以。只不過用may時(shí)較側(cè)重講話人的許可,而can較側(cè)重客觀情況的許可,must則表示必須做某事。
2.表示“推斷、判斷”的can,may,must
①在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語(yǔ)氣最為肯定,may表示的是事實(shí)上的可能性:
Peter______comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.
A.mustB.mayC.canD.will
而can表示的是邏輯上的可能性:Maryisinpoorhealth.Shecanbeillatanytimes.
②在否定句中只能用can和may。此時(shí)can’t用以代替mustn’t,語(yǔ)氣比maynot更強(qiáng)。can’t中文可以翻譯為“不可能”、maynot中文可以翻譯為“可能不”。
Michael______beapoliceman,forhe’smuchtooshort.
A.needn’tB.can’tC.shouldD.may
③在疑問句只能用can,不能用may和must
Hemaybeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
Hemustbeverybusynow.
Canhebeverybusynow?
3.表示“請(qǐng)求、提議”(用在疑問句中)的can和could,這時(shí)could比can語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)
Can(Could)yougivemealifttothestation?
你(您)能不能讓我搭你(您)的車去車站呀?
4.表示“驚訝、懷疑”(用在疑問句中)的can和could,這時(shí)could比can語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)
Whocanitbeatthistimeofday?這個(gè)時(shí)候到底會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢?
5.構(gòu)成下列特殊句式的can
①cannot/cannever…too…cannot…enough“無論怎么……也不為過分,越……越好,非常……”
Sinceitisagoodthing,wecannotdoittoosoon.
既然是好事情,我們?cè)皆玳_始做越好。
②can’thelpdoing…,cannothelpbutdo…,cannotbutdo…“禁不住,不由得,不得不”
IcannothelpadmiringthepicturewheneverIlookatit.每當(dāng)我看到這幅畫時(shí),我都禁不住要鑒賞它。
Whenaclosefrienddies,youcannotbutfeelsad.
親密的朋友去世時(shí),你會(huì)不由得感到悲傷。
6.表示祝愿、祝福的may,此時(shí)句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序
Mayhelivetoanoldage!愿他長(zhǎng)命百歲!
MayGodbewithyou!愿上帝保佑你!
7.shall/should
用于人稱意義
shall第一、三人稱征求對(duì)方的意見
第二、三人稱說話人給對(duì)方的警告、命令、允諾、威脅
用于法律、法規(guī)等條文中應(yīng)……,須……,得……
Whatshallwedothisevening?
注意:may用于征求對(duì)方的許可,而shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見或指示:
MayIhavealook?我能看一看嗎?
ShallIhavealook?需要我看一看嗎?
Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告)
HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(允諾)
Heshallbepunished.(威脅)
Thefineshallbegivenincash.罰款須以現(xiàn)金繳納。
should意義
①(表義務(wù)、責(zé)任的)應(yīng)該
②(表預(yù)期的)應(yīng)該會(huì),想必會(huì),一定……會(huì)把
③(表驚訝、遺憾的)竟然、居然
④(與疑問詞連用,表意外、驚訝、納悶等的)究竟是,到底
⑤(用于表示命令、建議、請(qǐng)求等詞后面的that從句中,且should可以省略)應(yīng)該,必須
①Youshouldapologizetohim.
②Thephotosshouldbereadyby12:00.
③I’msurprisedthatyoushouldspeakinsuchaway.
④WhoshouldccomeinbutmyoldfriendBetty.我當(dāng)究竟是誰(shuí)進(jìn)來了呢,原來是我的老朋友貝蒂呀。
⑤Isuggestedthathe(should)changehismind.
Mysuggestionwasthathe(should)changehismind.
注意:oughtto表示“應(yīng)該”(與should同義,只是語(yǔ)氣稍重一些),也可表示推測(cè)。
Yououghttotakecareofhim.
Heoughttobehomebynow.
8.will/would
①請(qǐng)求、建議,would比will委婉客氣
Wouldyoupassmethebook?
②表示意志、愿望和決心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain
③可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向
Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek
Thewoundwouldnotheal.
④表示估計(jì)或猜想
Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.
Whatwouldshebedoingthere?
9.dare和need
①need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有一種形式,只用于否定句和疑問句。
②dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)有兩中形式:dare和dared兩個(gè)詞形。
除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外,還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。
Ifhedarecome,Iwillkickhimout.
Idon’tknowwhetherhedaresay.
Note:Hedoesn’tdare(to)answerthequestion.
Doesshedare(to)enterthedarkroom?
10.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone的用法
①could+havedone:本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做
Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.
②cannot+havedone:表示對(duì)過去行為的否定推測(cè)
Hecannothavebeentothattown.
③can+主語(yǔ)+havedone:表示對(duì)過去行為的懷疑或不肯定
Canhehavegotthebook?
④might(may)+havedone:對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為不太肯定的推測(cè)
Hemaynothavefinishedthework.
Ifwehadtakentheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedearlier.
(Mood:mightmay,possibility:mightmay)
⑤must+havedone:對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測(cè)。其否定式為:cannothavedone
Youmusthaveseenthefilm.
Youcannothaveseenthefilm.
⑥needn’t+havedone:本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了
Youneedn’thavewateredtheflowers,foritisgoingtorain.
注意:didn’tneedto(haveto)do:沒有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做
Ididn’tneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit2hoursago.
⑦should(oughtto)+havedone:本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒有做。
其否定形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。
Youshouldhavestartedearlier,butyoudidn’t.
Sheshouldn’thavetakenawaymymeasuringtape,forIwantedtouseit.
注意:本結(jié)構(gòu)還可以表“推測(cè)”的意思
Heshouldhavefinishedtheworkbynow.
到現(xiàn)在他應(yīng)該已經(jīng)做完那項(xiàng)工作了。
11.其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
①haveto
haveto表示“必須,不得不”,在這個(gè)意義上與must很接近,但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而
haveto表示的卻是客觀需要.haveto比must有更多的形式。
TheTVsetisbroken.Ihavetobuyanewone.
Thestudentswillhavetoknowhowtousethecomputers.
注意:在回答must的問句時(shí),否定式常用neednot(needn’t)或don’thaveto表示“不必”。而不用
mustnot,因?yàn)閙ustnot表示“不可以”。
②usedto
表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)(現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)如此)
—Didyouusetogotheretoseeyourbrother?/Usedyoutogotheretoseeyourbrother?
—Yes,Idid(usedto)./No,Ididn’t(usedn’t).
注意:would也可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向,但是不涉及到現(xiàn)在。
③hadbetter
表示“最好(做……)”
Wehadbettergonow.
其否定式為hadbetternot
II.虛擬語(yǔ)氣
(一)一般虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
類別用法例句
If引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞:過去式(be用were)
主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.
與過去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞:had+過去分詞
主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.
與將來事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞:過去式/should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+不定式
主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.
注意:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,should常被would代替;從句中的should可用于各種人稱,且不可以被would所代替。
(二)混合虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.不同時(shí)間的虛擬
Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.(從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句與過去事實(shí)相反)
Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,and后面的主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)
2.虛擬與陳述的混合
Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.
Youshouldhavecomeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
(三)特殊句式虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
1.省略連詞if。在書面語(yǔ)中,如果虛擬條件從句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把這幾個(gè)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前,構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。
Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來了,讓他給我打個(gè)電話。
WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做這事。
2.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+賓語(yǔ)從句(should)do
Hesuggestedthatwe(should)savemoneyforthefuture.
Theundergraduateinsistedthathe(should)gotoworkinthesouth.
注意:當(dāng)suggest表示暗示,insist表示堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn),事實(shí)時(shí),后接的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)當(dāng)用真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣。
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.
3.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that從句(should)do
Itisproposedthatmorestudentsshouldgotouniversity.
4.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表語(yǔ)從句(should)do
MyadviceisthatyoushouldpractisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible.
Theorderfromthecommanderwasthatthetroopsshouldsetoffforthefrontimmediately.
5.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位語(yǔ)從句(should)do+is..
Therequestthattheyshouldgetmoreisreasonable.
6.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that從句(should)do表驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、不滿、理應(yīng)如此等。
It’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.(表竟然)
Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.(表理應(yīng)如此)
Itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表驚訝、不滿)
7.wish+thatclause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)
wish+thatclause(would/could/might+do與將來相反)
wish+thatclause(haddone與過去相反)
IwishIcouldgowiththemtomorrow.
IwishIhadnevermethim.
8.Itis(high/about)time+從句(did或shoulddo)
Itis(high/about)timewewenthome.
9.wouldrather+clause(did與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硐喾?;(haddone與過去相反)
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadn’ttoldherthenews.
10.省去條件從句或主句:表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句或從句有時(shí)可以省略,但其含義仍可以推知。
①省去條件從句
Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自已洗衣服的。
省去了"Ifyouhadwantedto")(事實(shí)是:你自己沒洗衣服,因?yàn)槟悴幌胂础?
②省去主句(常用以表示愿望)Ifonly+clause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would/could/might+do與將來相反)/(haddone與過去相反)“要是…….就好了“
Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實(shí)是:祖母已不在世。)
Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她沒走就好了!(事實(shí)是:她已經(jīng)走了。)
Ifonlyhewouldcometomorrow!
IfonlyIhadtakenheradvice!
IfonlyIweretenyearsyounger!
注意:onlyif是“只要”的意思,從句中用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
11.asif+clause(did/were與現(xiàn)在相反)/(would/could/might+do與將來相反)/(haddone與過去相反)
ShetreatsKateasifshewereherowndaughter.
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
12.wouldlike/was/weretohavedonesomething
Iwouldliketohaveattendedtheparty,butoneofmyfriendscametoseeme.
13.butfor+名詞
Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.
14.注意虛擬條件從句的特殊形式
Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesunsheat,theearthatnightwouldbefreezingcold.
15.注意轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣連詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehewouldhavescoredagoal.
ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsIshouldhavewrittenitdownforher.
Thecaptainkeptcalmintheterriblestorm,otherwisetheaccidentwouldnthavebeenprevented.
Yesterday,Janewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsomethingshewouldregretlater.
16.注意分詞和獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
Givenmorethantwohours,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.
Nothavingfinishedthework,hecouldnthaveseenthisfilm.
1.Whydidntyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayhere_____theheavysnow.
A.neednthavedriven;throughB.canthavedriven;across
C.mustnthavedriven;throughD.shouldnthavedriven;cross
2.—Mum,it’snoneofmybusiness.Why_____Icare?
—Justbecausesheisyoursister.
A.canB.shouldC.willD.may
3.—Ididn’tknowyouweregoodfriends.
—You_____.Ihaveknownhersinceshemovedhere.Youwerestudyingabroadthen.
A.mayhaveB.needn’thaveC.couldn’thaveD.musthave
4.—Theconcertwaswonderful!
—Really?HowIwishI______tothetheatrewithyouyesterday!
A.hadgoneB.mightgoC.wereabletogoD.wouldgo
5.Thetwostrangershavebeentalkingintheparkforalongtimeasthoughthey______oldfriends.
A.areB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe
6.______theheavyrain,we______thetown.
A.Butfor;shouldhavereachedB.Becauseof;wouldhavereached
C.Duringtheperiodof;wewouldreachD.Inspiteof;weshouldhavereached
7.—IfWilliam_______,he_______thatgreenpeach.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalintime.
A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
8.—IsitgoodtolookupeverynewwordwhenIcomeacrossitinreading?
—No.You______becauseyouarelikelytoguessthemeaningfromthecontext.
A.can’tB.mustn’tC.don’thavetoD.oughtnotto
9.—______Iuseyourcomputertosendane-mail?
—Yes,you______.Butyoumustn’tkeepittoolong.I’llsurftheInternetaftersupper.
A.Could;couldB.Could;mustC.Can;canD.Could;can
10.Whenhelivedthere,he______gotothatbookshopatthecornerwithhisgirlfriendafterworkeveryday.
A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might
11.—Ihearyou’vegotasetofAustraliancoins.______Ihavealook?
—Yes,certainly.
A.DoB.MayC.ShallD.Should
12.—Whathappenedtotheyoungtreesweplantedlastweek?
—Thetrees______well,butIdidn’twaterthem.
A.mightgrowB.needn’thavegrownC.wouldgrowD.wouldhavegrown
13.What______hadBobwalkedfarther,asfarastheriverbank?
A.wouldhappenB.couldhappenC.wouldhavehappenedD.needn’thavehappened
14.Hurryup,Tom.It’shightimewe______tothetheater.
A.willB.shallC.aregoingtoD.went
15.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?
—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He______bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.
A.mightB.mustC.canD.should
16.EventhoughI’dhurtmyleg,I______swimbacktotheriverbank.
A.couldB.mightC.hadtoD.wasableto
17.—Itisrathercoldhere.Shallwelightafire?
—No,we______becausethingsareeasytocatchfire.
A.won’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
18.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?
—Iwouldhave,butI______sobusythen.
A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe
19.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe______thesewatchesand______free.
A.stole,setB.hadstolen,besetC.steal,besetD.hadstolen;mustbeset
20.I______youraddress,otherwiseI______youlongbefore.
A.hadforgotten,hadvisitedB.forgot,havevisited
C.forgot,wouldhavevisitedD.haveforgotten,wouldvisit
21.I______youabeautifulpresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.
A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldliketohaveboughtD.musthavebought
22.—Doyoufeellike________thereorshallwetakeabus?
—I’dliketowalk.Butsincethereisntmuchtimeleft,Idratherwe________ataxi.
A.walking,hireB.towalk,hireC.towalk,hiredD.walking,hired
23.—MissWhitehasdecidedtoexploreintheforestbyherself.
—She________askherboyfriendtoifshe________gowalkingintheforest.
A.needntto,darestohttp:/B.doesntneed,dares C.neednotto,daretoD.neednt,dare
24.Hisfailureintheexamsuggestedthathe__________theteacher’sinstructions.
A.can’thavefollowedhttp:/B.needn’thavefollowed
C.mustn’thavefollowedD.shouldn’thavefollowed
25.I_________you,butIdidn’tthinkyouwouldlistentome.
A.couldhavetoldB.musthavetoldC.shouldtellD.mightrell
26.—MsLinlooksratherakindlady.
—Butinfactsheiscoldandhardonus.You_______believeit!http:/
A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
27.Themanager’shealthwasgettingworseandworsebecauseofheavyburden,sothedoctorstrongly
recommendedthatheaholiday.
A.tookB.wouldtakeC.musttakeD.take
28.—It’ssocold!Whynotclosethedoor?
—Sorry.It.I’llhaveitrepairedsoon.
A.won’tshutB.won’tbeshutC.hasn’tshutD.isn’tshut
29.Iwouldn’tmarryPatevenifshethelastwomanonearth.
A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.were
30.Manystudentswilltakepartintheschoolsportsmeetingthisweek,soshesuggestedthattheclassmeeting_______heldonSaturday.
A.notbeB.nottobeC.benotD.benotto
31.________theproblem,hewouldnthavecommittedthosemistakes.
A.IfheunderstoodB.HadheunderstoodC.WhenhehadunderstoodD.Ifhewouldunderstood
32.—Butthosearesize44.Youmightneedasmallersize.
—Yes,I______abitofweight.Ihavebeentryingtoloseweight!
A.willhavelostB.shouldhavelostC.mayhavelostD.can’tlose
33.—AreyougoingtoLloyd’sbirthdaypartyonFriday?
—Onlyifit______,hesaidhewashavingapicnicparty.
A.wouldn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hadn’trained
34.IfSanluGroup__________melaminetothemilk,thebabies________toomuchfromkidneystones.
A.didn’tadd;wouldnotsufferedB.hadn’tadded;wouldn’thavesuffered
C.hasn’tadded;wouldn’thavesufferedD.hadn’tadded;wouldhavesuffered
35.—Theresearchonthenewbirdfluvirusvaccineischallenginganddemanding.Whodoyouthinkcandothe
job?
—____mystudentshaveatry?
A.ShallB.WillC.CouldD.Should
1-5ABCAC6-10ABCDA11-15BDCDA16-20DCCBC
21-25CDDAA26-30BDADA31-35BCBBA
高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)考案:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)考案:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1.—Thatmustbeamistake.
—No,it_____amistake.
A.mustnotbe B.needn’tbe C.cannotbe D.wouldnotbe
2.—_____IwaterthetreesonTuesday?
—No,youneedn’t.
A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Shall
3.He_____notpayunlessheispunishedtopay.
A.shallB.willC.canD.would
4.I_____suchamistakeagain.
A.shallnevermakeB.maynevermake
C.canneverdoD.needneverdo
5.—_____Iturnontheradio?
—You’dbetternot.Itisnoisyenoughinthisroom.
A.ShallB.MustC.NeedD.Do
6.Let’sgotothelibrarythisafternoon,_____?
A.shallweB.willweC.canweD.shouldwe
7.Wherearemykeys?I_____lostthem.
A.oughttoB.shouldhave C.willhave D.musthave
8.Evenifhehastime,he_____shoppingintownonSunday.
A.won’tgoB.willgoC.won’tgotoD.doesn’tgo
9.He_____finishedearlier.
A.shallhaveB.oughttoC.couldhave D.musthave
10.IncaseI_____,Iwouldtryagain.
A.willfailB.wouldmiss C.shouldfail D.shallmiss
11.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,_____lastnight.
A.itmustrainB.itmusthaverained
C.itmustberainedD.itmusthavebeenrained
12.Heaskedmeifhe_____openthewindow.
A.shallB.wouldC.willD.should
13.Everyone_____dohisbesttomaketheworldsafeandclean.
A.canB.mayC.shouldD.hadto
14._____tohavelunchwithustoday?
A.Doyoulike B.WouldyoulikeC.WillyoulikeD.Haveyoulike
15.—Willyoulendmeyourbook?
—Yes,I_____.
A.willB.needC.canD.must
16.IfIhadtime,_____seethatnewmovieattheCapitalTheater.
A.IwillB.ImayC.IshallD.Iwould
17.TheEnglishofhercompositionistoogood.Shecan’t_____itherself.
A.havetowriteB.havewritten C.writeD.bewritten
18.You_____thelookonhisfacewhenhewonthelottery.
A.wouldhaveseenB.canbeseeing C.mustseeD.maysee
19.Thelightisoutinherroom;she_____tobed.
A.musthavegoneB.hadgoneC.mustbegoingD.mustgo
20.They_____thatfar;buttheystoppedtohaveasnackontheway.
A.mightbegoneB.neededgoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone
21.He_____tothefarmyesterday.
A.needgoB.neededgoC.hastogoD.hadtogo
22.HeissostrongthatI_____fightagainsthim.
A.darenotB.diddarenot C.didn’tdaretoD.darenotto
23.Icouldn’t_____crywhileIwaswatchingthemovie“Tolive A.helptoB.helpC.helpbutto D.helpbut
24.TheyaskedTomtogivehimadrink,buthe_____.
A.hadn’tB.wasn’tC.wouldn’tD.could
25.Asphysicsishardenough,I_____studyit.
A.amnotableB.couldn’tC.amnotableto D.cannot
26.You_____tothemeetingthismorningifyouhavesomethingimportanttodoA.needn’ttocomeB.don’tneedcome
C.don’tneedcomingD.needn’tcome
27._____youfetchmesomehotwater?
A.Can B.MayC.MustD.Might
28.You_____getdownthebusuntilthebushasstopped.
A.can’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.don’t
29.—Wouldyoucomeandjoinus?
—IwishI_____.Iambusyatthemoment.
A.canB.couldC.wouldD.should
30.You_____right,butIdon’tthinkyouare.
A.maybeB.couldbeC.wouldbeD.shouldbe
31.Shelookssosad.She_____ill.
A.canbeB.shouldbe C.mustbeD.willbe
32.He_____away.Wedon’tseehimanywherearound.
A.maygoB.mustgoC.cangoD.musthavegone
33.Heismuchricherthanwhathe_____.
A.wouldbeB.mustbeC.usedtobeD.couldbe
34.Thelittlekid_____nottouchthedog.
A.needB.dareC.oughtD.could
35.Iwanttogotothehospital,butyou_____withme.
A.needtonottogoB.donotneedgoC.neednotgo D.needgonot
36.Whenhewasold,MrSmith_____sitforhourswithoutsayinganything.
A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.will
37.Mary_____beinLondonbecauseIsawherintownjustnow.
A.mustn’tB.isn’tabletoC.maynotD.cannot
38.Thedoorisstillclosed.He_____thekey.
A.musthavelostB.mustlose C.needhavelostD.canlost
39.Thebushadleft,sowe_____walkhome.
A.havetoB.oughtC.hadtoD.must
40.You_____seeher,butImust.
A.haven’tB.cannotC.mustn’tD.needn’t
41.“_____youplaybaseball?”“No,I_______”.
A.Can;mayB.Can’t;can’tC.May;can’tD.can;can
42.“______Ihandinthepaperthisweek?”“No,you______.You_____handitinnextweek.
A.Must;needn’t;mayB.will;mustn’t;oughtto
C.Shall;can’t;havetoD.Should;didn’thaveto;can
43.Therewerealready4peopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakeJohnaswell.It______acomfortablejourney.
A.can’tbeB.wouldn’tbe
C.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen
44.It’snearlyeighto’clock.They______behereatanymoment.
A.mustB.canC.shouldD.need
45.“______Itakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom?”“Sorry,you_____.”
A.May;mustn’tB.Must;can’t
C.will;didn’thavetoC.Can;aren’tableto
46.Thebosssaytothesecretary,“Ifyouworkwell,you_____havearise.”
A.shallB.wouldC.mustD.ought
47.Let’ssingasong,______we?
A.willB.can’tC.shallD.do
48.“______yougososoon?”“No,I______goyet.”
AMust;mustn’tB.Shall;won’tC.Can;maynotD.Must;needn’t
49.ThebookIborrowedfromthelibraryisn’there.Who__________?
A.couldhavetakenitB.musthavetakenit
C.mighttakeitD.shouldtakeit.
50.“Theywenttothelecture,butithadbeenputoff.”“Oh,sothey_______.”
A.needn’thavegoneB.shouldhavegone
C.mustn’thavegoneD.don’tneedtogo
51.“________Ihaveaglassofbeer?”“No,I’mafraidyou________.”
A.Can’t;can’tB.Could;won’tC.May;daren’tD.Shall;may
52.“Isn’tthatTomplayingbasketball?”“It______be;hefellofftheladderyesterdayandgotbadlyhurt.”
A.mustn’tB.wouldrathernotC.couldn’tD.wouldn’t
53.“Needhego?”“Yes,he______.”
A.needB.canC.mayD.must
54.Tellmehowyouworkouttheanswer,_______you?
A.canB.willC.don’tD.shan’t
55.Youpromisedyourfriendaletter;yououghtto______daysago.
A.writeB.bewritingC.havewrittenD.bewritten
56.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.
A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
57.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.
A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for58.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone
59.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbeset
C.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
60.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____
A.can;itB./;/C.would;itD.may;/
61.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.
A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being
62.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.
A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent
63.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.
A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting
64.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
65._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.
A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe
66._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave
67.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.
A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensaved
C.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved
68.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have
69.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
70.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.
A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent
71.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.
A.havecaughtB.hadcaught
C.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch
72.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”
---“No,butIwishI_____”
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
73.I’mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.
A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfail
C.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed
74.---“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”
---“Idon’tknow,butit’shightime_____something.”
A.I’mdecidingB.I’lldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide
75.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?
A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow
76.IfonlyI_____mywatch!
A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tlostD.don’tlose
77.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.
A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake
C.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade
78.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.
A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinished
C.couldn’thavefinishedD.can’thavefinished
79.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”
---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_____sooner.”
A.IwouldbehereB.Ihavebeenhere
C.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere
80.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe
81.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven.
A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished
82.Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists_____atonce______Iraq.
A.leave;forB.leave;toC.left;toD.tobeleft;for
83.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone
84.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbeset
C.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
85.Isuggestedthere____beakindoflanguageallcouldunderstandanduse____.
A.can;itB./;/C.would;itD.may;/
86.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_____thebasketballgame_____putoff.
A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being
87.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_____toBeijingfortheSarssoon.
A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent
88.Itisimportantthatwe_____wildanimals.
A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting
89.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
90._____anychangeaboutthedate,pleasetellmeimmediately.
A.WilltherebeB.ShouldtherebeC.TherewillbeD.Thereshouldbe
91._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.Washeleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave
92.Shoulditrain,thecrops_____.
A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensaved
C.willbesavedD.hadbeensaved
93.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.
A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have
94.Hetreatedmeasthough/asif_____hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
95.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.
A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent
96.Afewminutesearlierandwe_____therain.
A.havecaughtB.hadcaughtC.couldhavecaughtD.weretocatch
97.---“HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?”
---“No,butIwishI_____”
A.haveB.willC.doD.had
98.I’mgladIwentoverallmynotes;otherwise_____.
A.ImayhavefailedB.I’dfail
C.I’dhavefailedD.I’llhavefailed
99.---“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?”
---“Idon’tknow,butit’shightime_____something.”
A.I’mdecidingB.I’lldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide
100.Whatshouldwedoifit_____tomorrow?
A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.willsnow
101.IfonlyI_____mywatch!
A.hadn’tlostB.haven’tlostC.didn’tlostD.don’tlose
102.You_____suchaseriousmistakeifyouhadfollowedhisadvice.
A.maynotmakeB.mightnotmake
C.shouldn’thavemadeD.mightnothavemade
103.We_____theworkontimewithoutyourhelp.
A.hadn’thadfinishedB.didn’thavefinished
C.couldn’thavefinishedD.can’thavefinished
104.---“Wherehaveyoubeen?”
---“Igotcaughtintraffic;otherwise_____sooner.”
A.IwouldbehereB.Ihavebeenhere
C.IhadbeenhereD.Iwouldhavebeenhere
105.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatyou_____ill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.areD.shouldbe
參考答案:1—5CBBAA 6—10ADACC 11—15BDCBA 16—20DBAAC21—25DADCC 26—30DACBA 31—35CDCBC36—40ADACD41-45BADCA46-50ACDAA51-55ACDBC56-60.CAABB61-65.BCBCB66-70.CAABDB71—75.CDCCA76-80.ADCDC81-85.CAABB86-90.BCBCB91-95.CAABDB96—100.CDCCA101-105.ADCDC
高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一名優(yōu)秀的教師就要對(duì)每一課堂負(fù)責(zé),教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是每個(gè)教師都不可缺少的。教案可以讓學(xué)生能夠聽懂教師所講的內(nèi)容,讓教師能夠快速的解決各種教學(xué)問題。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能寫好呢?小編經(jīng)過搜集和處理,為您提供高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣,供大家借鑒和使用,希望大家分享!
2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣要點(diǎn)概覽如下:
1.can和could的用法及區(qū)別;
2.may和might的用法;
3.must的用法;
4.shall用于不同人稱時(shí)的用法;
5.should表示推測(cè)時(shí)的用法;
6.will和would表示意愿、習(xí)慣和傾向性時(shí)的用法;
7.“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”的用法;
8.表示建議、命令、要求的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法;
9.一些固定句式或結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法;
10.一些隱含、混合情況的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考綱要求學(xué)生要掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法和辨析。最近幾年高考試題中常常借助語(yǔ)境來考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法及其區(qū)別,因此在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確理解和掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法十分重要。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法復(fù)雜多變,在高考試題中,命題者常常利用語(yǔ)境和句子之間意義上的細(xì)微差別來考查學(xué)生對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的理解和掌握。對(duì)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,除了要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確掌握它們的基本用法外,還要充分利用高考試題所設(shè)置的語(yǔ)境來分析句子之間所體現(xiàn)的特殊關(guān)系。對(duì)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣考綱要求考生要掌握基本情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法、在各種句式、隱含、混合等句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法,根據(jù)考綱的要求,虛擬語(yǔ)氣部分主要考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中、在名詞性從句中、在簡(jiǎn)單句中或在日常交際中的使用等基本用法。因此依據(jù)語(yǔ)境來判斷虛擬語(yǔ)氣的不同形式是高考試題的主要設(shè)題方法之一。在近年的高考試題中,出現(xiàn)了對(duì)陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣辨析的考查,虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句中的應(yīng)用是該部分的重點(diǎn)掌握內(nèi)容。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是高考的重要考點(diǎn),看似簡(jiǎn)單,但用法相近、復(fù)雜,學(xué)生學(xué)起來有時(shí)區(qū)分不開。首先教師應(yīng)該讓考生準(zhǔn)確掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法,然后對(duì)于相近意義的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行比較,尤其是表示推測(cè)的一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中運(yùn)用,讓學(xué)生在辨析中學(xué),在訓(xùn)練中體驗(yàn)、理解、掌握,要注重和語(yǔ)境結(jié)合和說話者的語(yǔ)氣結(jié)合;其次再掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的固定句式和固定用法即可;虛擬語(yǔ)氣是高考考查的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,雖然不是每套題都涉及,但在近幾年的考題中也有不少出現(xiàn)。由于漢語(yǔ)中沒有這種語(yǔ)法情況,對(duì)于以漢語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的我們來說有很大的理解難度。命題者在試題的有效信息方面越來越隱蔽,情景越來越生動(dòng),真實(shí),考查的角度也越來越靈活。要掌握好這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,要求考生:1.熟記并掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的使用規(guī)則;2.熟練掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的使用;3.掌握一些特殊句型中要運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的具體規(guī)則。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必須”或“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等之意。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用,必須和不帶to的不定式連用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。只有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought要和帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式連用,在句中作謂語(yǔ)用。將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前即構(gòu)成其疑問式,在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后加not既構(gòu)成其否定式。現(xiàn)將各情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法分述如下:
1、can和could(could為can的過去式)的基本用法
(1)表示能力,如:HecanspeakEnglishbetterthanyou.
(2)在疑問句和否定句中表示“懷疑”、“猜測(cè)”或“可能性”,如:CanthisgreenbikebeLiuDongs?
(3)表示“許可”時(shí)can可以和may換用,如:Youcan(may)gohomenow.
(4)如果要表示語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn),可用could代替can,這時(shí)could不再是can的過去式,如:Couldyoucomeagaintomorrow?(5)can和beableto都可表示能力,兩者在意思上沒有什么區(qū)別。但是can只能有現(xiàn)在式和過去式,而beableto則有更多的形式,如:Hewillbeabletodotheworkbetter.
2、may和might(might為may的過去式)的基本用法
(1)表示允許或征詢對(duì)方許可,有“可以”之意,如:Youmayusemydictionary.在回答對(duì)方說“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”時(shí),一般多不用may或maynot,以避免語(yǔ)氣生硬或不容氣。而用比較婉轉(zhuǎn)的說法進(jìn)行回答。如:----MayIusethisdictionary?----Yes,please.或----Certainly.在請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可時(shí),如果MightI…?就比用MayI…?語(yǔ)氣更婉轉(zhuǎn)些,如:MayIhavealookatyournewcomputer?但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”對(duì)方做某事時(shí),要用mustnot代替maynot,如:----Mayweswiminthislake?----No,youmustn’t.It’stoodangerous.
(2)may或might都可以表示可能性,表示“或許”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,則語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定,如:Theymay(might)beinthelibrarynow.
3、must的基本用法
(1)must表示“必須”、“應(yīng)該”之意,其否定式mustnot,縮寫形式為mustnt,表示“不應(yīng)該”,“不準(zhǔn)”、“不許可”或“禁止”之意,如:Wemuststudyhardandmakeprogresseveryday.Youmustnttouchthefire.
(2)對(duì)以must提出的疑問句,如作否定回答時(shí),要用neednt或用dont(doesnt)haveto(不必)來回答,而不用mustnt,因?yàn)閙ustnt表示的是“禁止”或“不許可”之意,如:----Mustwefinishtheworktomorrow?----No,youneednt(donthaveto),butyoumustfinishitinthreedays.
(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推測(cè),表示“一定”或“必定”之意,如:----Whosenewbikecanitbe?----ItmustbeLiuDongs.Iknowhisfatherhasjustboughthimanewone.
4、can,could,may,must后接完成式的用法
(1)can,could后接完成式的用法:①在否定句或疑問句中表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生過的事情的“懷疑”或“不肯定”的態(tài)度,Couldhehavesaidso?②在肯定句中,可以表示過去可能做到而實(shí)際并沒做到的事情,有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語(yǔ)氣。如:----Whendidyouanswerherletter?----Onlyyesterday.----Itstoolate.Youcouldhaveanswereditearlier,Iamsure.
(2)may,might后接完成式的用法①表示對(duì)過去某事的推測(cè),認(rèn)為某一件事情在過去可能發(fā)生了。如果使用might,語(yǔ)氣就比較婉轉(zhuǎn)或更加不肯定,如:MarymighthavelearnedsomeChinesebefore.②可以表示過去本來可以做到而實(shí)際沒有做到的事情,有“勸告”或“責(zé)備”的語(yǔ)氣,如:Youdidntdotheworkwellthatday.Youmighthavedoneitbetter.
(3)must后接完成式的用法:表示對(duì)過去某事的推測(cè),認(rèn)為某事在過去一定做到了,如:LiuDongisn’tintheclassroom.Hemusthavegonetothelibrary.
5、haveto的基本用法:haveto和must的意義相近,只是must側(cè)重表示說話人的主觀看法,而haveto則表示客觀需要,如:Imuststudyhard.Ihadtogiveitupbecauseofillness.
6、oughtto的基本用法
(l)表示根據(jù)某種義務(wù)或必要“應(yīng)當(dāng)”做某事,語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng),例如:Everyoneoughttoobeythetrafficregulations.(2)表示推測(cè),注意與must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別:Hemustbehomebynow.(斷定他已到家),Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定),Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(比較直率),Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.(比較含蓄);(3)“ought+have+過去分詞”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。例如:Yououghttohavehelpedhim.(butyoudidn’t)這時(shí),ought與should可以互相換用。注意,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中oughtto用于否定和疑問句時(shí)to可以省略。例如:Oughtyousmokesomuch?Yououghtn’tsmokesomuch.
7、dare的基本用法
(l)dare(dared為其過去式)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),主要用于否定句,疑問句和條件從句中,如:Daredhebreadthetrafficregulationsagain?(2)在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中dare常用作行為動(dòng)詞,其變化與一般行為動(dòng)詞相同,如:Shedarestostayathomealoneatnight.
8、need的基本用法
(1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),主要用于否定句和疑問句中,如:Heneedntworryaboutusnow.(2)need也可作為行為動(dòng)詞用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑問句中,其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式為其賓語(yǔ)。如:Youneedtopractisereadingaloudeveryday.(3)neednt后接完成式可以表示過去做了一件本來不必要做的事情,如:----Didyouanswertheletteryesterday?----Yes,Idid.----Butyouneedn’thaveansweredit.
9、shall的基本用法
(1)shall用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),用于第二、三人稱,表示說活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“強(qiáng)制”、“威脅”或“允諾”等意,如:Heshallgofirst,whetherhewantstoornot.(2)在疑問句中,shall用于第一、三人稱,表示說話人的征詢對(duì)方意見或請(qǐng)求指示,如:ShallIopenthedoor?
10、should的基本用法
(1)should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示“建議”或“勸告”,有“應(yīng)該”之意,如:Youshouldlearnfromeachother.(2)should后接完成式表示過去沒有做到本來應(yīng)該做的事情,或是做了本來不應(yīng)該做的事情。如:Youshouldhavegivehimmorehelp.
11、will的基本用法
(1)用于各人稱,可以表示“意志”或“決心”,如:Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthewillnotlisten.(2)在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問對(duì)方的意愿,如:WillyoupleasetellmehowtogettotheCapitalGymnasium?(3)will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,有“總是”或“會(huì)要”之意,如:Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.
12、would的基本用法
(1)would作為will的過去式,可用于各人稱,表示過去時(shí)間的“意志”或“決心”,如:Hepromisedhewouldneversmokeagain.
(2)在疑問句中,用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或許問對(duì)方的意愿時(shí),比用will的氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn),如:Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?
(3)在日常生活中,學(xué)用“Iwouldliketo…”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意,以使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn),如:IwouldliketodoEx.2first.
(4)would可以表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作,比usedto正式,并沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。如:LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldsometimestellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass./Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek.
(5)表料想或猜想,如:Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome./Whatwouldshebedoingthere?/Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouaboutit.
13、usedto,hadbetter,wouldrather的用法
(1)usedto表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在,在間接引語(yǔ)中,其形式可不變,例如:Hetoldusheusedtoplayfootballwhenhewasyoung.在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中,可有兩種形式。疑問句:Didyouuseto/Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?否定句:Iusedn’tto/didn’tusetogothere.(usedn’t也可寫作usen’t);否定疑問句:Usen’tyouto/Didn’tyouusetobeinterestedinthetheatre?強(qiáng)調(diào)句:Icertainlyusedto/didusetosmoke,butitwasalongtimeago.;其反意疑問句或簡(jiǎn)略回答中,也有兩種形式:Sheusedtobeveryfat.didn’tshe?/use(d)n’tshe?Didyouusetoplaychess?Yes,Idid./Usedyoutogetupearlyinthemorning?Yes,Idid./usedto.
(2)hadbetter意為“最好”,后接不帶to的不定式,例如:----Wehadbettergonow.----Yes,wehad(wedbetter/wehadbetter)./Hadn’twebetterstopnow?(Hadwebetternotstopnow?)/IthinkI’dbetterbegoing.(用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),表“最好立即”)/Youhadbetterhavedonethat(用于完成時(shí)態(tài),表未完成動(dòng)作)注:hadbetter用于同輩或小輩,對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不可用。
(3)wouldrather意為“寧愿”,表選擇,后接不帶to的不定式,例如:I’drathernotsayanything./Wouldyouratherworkonafarm?/----Wouldn’tyouratherstayhere?----No,Iwouldnot.I’drathergothere.由于wouldrather表選擇,因而后可接than,例如:Iwouldratherworkonafarmthaninafactory./IwouldratherwatchTVthangotoseethefilm/Iwouldratherloseadozencherrytreesthanthatyoushouldtellmeonelie./I’dratheryoudidn’ttalkaboutthistoanyone.(句中的drather不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,would在此是表愿望的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法
一、語(yǔ)氣的種類:英語(yǔ)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣有四種:
1.直陳語(yǔ)氣(TheIndicativeMood)直陳語(yǔ)氣用于直截了當(dāng)?shù)仃愂鍪聦?shí)、描述狀態(tài):
Hehaspublishedquiteanumberofessaysthisyear.他今年已發(fā)表了好幾篇論文。
2.祈使語(yǔ)氣(TheImperativeMood)祈使語(yǔ)氣用于提出請(qǐng)求、命令、建議或是勸告等:
Waitoutsideuntilyouareasked.請(qǐng)?jiān)谕饷娴群颍?qǐng)你進(jìn)再進(jìn)去。
Letsjusttakeabreak,shallwe?我們休息一會(huì)兒,好嗎?
3.疑問語(yǔ)氣(theinterrogativemood):用來提出問題
Wherearefrom?
4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣(TheSubjunctiveMood)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示主觀愿望和假設(shè)的虛擬情況。虛擬語(yǔ)氣不太顧及事實(shí)的存在,它表現(xiàn)出說話人的主觀因素比較多。所以說話人所講的內(nèi)容往往是與事實(shí)相反的;或是其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性微乎其微,甚至于沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。當(dāng)然,有時(shí)為了使說話的語(yǔ)氣客氣、緩和、委婉,也使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
Iwishyouweremorecareful.但愿你更細(xì)心一些。
IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldbuyabiggerapartment.
我要是有再多一點(diǎn)錢,我就買一套更大一些房子。
Wouldyoumindshuttingthedoor?勞駕您把門關(guān)上。
二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的種類:虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說的是一個(gè)條件,不一定是事實(shí),或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中應(yīng)用比較多;條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實(shí)條件句,一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
三、真實(shí)性條件句
1.真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣,假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生,各種結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
條件從句主句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形
祈使句情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.如果他來,會(huì)帶小提琴來的。
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.
A. willrain B.rains C.rained D.israined
B真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
1.在真實(shí)條件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示將來,該用shall,will.
(錯(cuò))Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.
(對(duì))Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2.表示真理時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形,而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式
四、非真實(shí)條件句
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以表示過去,現(xiàn)在和將來的情況,時(shí)態(tài)的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)往后推移
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣表
時(shí)間從句主句例句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)一般過去時(shí)(be用were)Would/should/could/might/oughtto+動(dòng)詞原形1.Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.
2.Ifwehadenoughmoney,wewouldbuyacomputer.
3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdoit.
4.Ifitrainedtomorrow,we’dstayathome.
5.Itwouldbeoddifshewereawardedthefirstprize.
與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過去完成時(shí)Should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞1.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldhimaboutit.
2.IfIhadbeeninherpositionI’dhavequit.
3.Iftheweatherhadn’tbeensobad,wemighthavegoneout.
4.Ifhehadapologized,youshouldhavedonesotoo.
5.IshouldneverhavedoneitifIhadn’tbeensohardup.
與將來不大可能發(fā)生的事情的假想一般過去時(shí)/should/would
+動(dòng)詞原形Should/would/could/might/oughtto+動(dòng)詞原形1.Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.
2.Iftheyinvitedme,Iwouldcertainlyattendit.
3.Ifhewent,wouldyougotoo?
與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)were+不定式Should/would/could/might/oughtto+動(dòng)詞原形1.Ifsheweretoloseherplacetheywouldberuined.
2.Ifyouweretospeaktohim,itwouldcarrymoreweight.
五、混合條件句(也叫:錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句)
有時(shí),主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,主句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這種條件句叫做混合條件句
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你昨天問過他,今天就知道做什么了。(從句與過去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)
1.Ifithadrainedlastnight(過去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).如果昨晚下過雨,今天就會(huì)很冷了。
2.Ifyou’dlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.如果你聽了我的話,你現(xiàn)在也不會(huì)這樣麻煩了
3.Ifithadn’tbeenforhercare,Ishouldnotbespeakingtoyounow.如果不是她照顧我,我也不會(huì)在這里和你講話
4.Ifthedoctorhadcomeintime,anywouldstillbealive.如果醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕到,AMY現(xiàn)在還活著。
六、含蓄條件句:含蓄條件句是指非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄條件句常見的表達(dá)方式有:
1.定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句
Anyonewhohadmarriedsuchagirlasshewouldhavebeenregretful.誰(shuí)娶了像她這樣的姑娘都會(huì)后悔的
helpwaspromisedwhereitshouldbecomenecessary.要是需要的話就答應(yīng)給予幫助
2.介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)butthat,asthough,once,butfor,without,with,under,under…condition,supposing,suppose,asif,onconditionthat,inthepast等
Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.要不是有養(yǎng)老金,他都要餓死了
Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thaveachievedallthis.要不是有你幫助我不會(huì)取得這些成就
Withhisaid,youwouldsucceed.如果有了他的幫助,你就會(huì)成功。
Plantswoulddiewithoutwaterontheearth.地球上如果沒有水,植物就會(huì)死的
Butforthefogwewouldhavereachedourdestinationlongago.要是沒有霧的話,我們很早就到目的地了
Undermorefavourableconditionswecouldhavefinishedthetask.如果條件對(duì)我們更有利,我們就會(huì)把工作完成得更好
3.連詞otherwise,or,but
Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusy.他本來要多給你一些幫助,只是他太忙了
Seizethechance,otherwiseyouwouldregretit.如果不抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),你會(huì)后悔的
Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhavehelpedyou.他昨天覺得很累,不然會(huì)幫你的
4.通過分詞短語(yǔ)表示條件
Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.
Legalizingthisdrugwouldhavedisastrousconsequence.使毒品合法化會(huì)有災(zāi)難性的后果
5.用動(dòng)詞不定式表示條件
Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim.
Shewouldhavedoneanythingtomakeamends.她會(huì)做任何事來彌補(bǔ)
特殊情況:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在日常用語(yǔ)中用得很多,使句子顯得比較委婉;這類謂語(yǔ)算不算虛擬語(yǔ)氣很難說,但有兩點(diǎn)是肯定的:
一是它們不受時(shí)態(tài)的影響,雖然形式接近過去式,卻常指現(xiàn)在的情況,而且和虛擬語(yǔ)氣在形式上一致,在不少情況下幾乎可以說是一種含蓄的虛擬條件句;
二是它們不表示事實(shí),常帶有主觀色彩,因而使句子顯得很委婉。
Ishouldthinkthatmightbeagoodsolution.
couldItroubleyouwithaquestion?
couldyoulendmesomemoney?
wouldyoumindtakingpart?
wouldyoulikesometea?
七、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在wouldrather,would(just)assoon,wouldsooner,wouldprefer(希望)等后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中。意指某人寧愿讓另一個(gè)人做某事,其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪瞿呈?,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用一般過去時(shí),表示過去已經(jīng)做的事,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。
Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughterdidnotworkinthesameoffice.經(jīng)理寧愿她女兒不與他在同一間辦公室工作。
Tobefrank,Idratheryouwerenotinvolvedinthecase.坦率地說,我希望你不要卷入這件事。
Youdonthavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouwentonbusinessfirst.你沒有必要這么著急,我寧愿你先去上班。
Idratheryoudidntmakeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.我倒希望你暫時(shí)先不要就此事發(fā)表意見。
Franklyspeaking,Idratheryoudidntdoanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.坦白地說我寧愿你現(xiàn)在對(duì)此事什么也不做。
Wouldntyouratheryourchildwenttobedearly?為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)上床呢?
①若某人愿自己做某事,wouldrather后用動(dòng)詞原形
Iwouldratherstayathometoday.
②wouldrather...than...中用動(dòng)詞原形
Iwouldratherstayathomethangoouttoday.
2.在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中,像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,
insist+(should)do
Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.我建議下周召開個(gè)會(huì)議。
Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.他要求被派到那兒去。
如suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)",即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
判斷改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò))Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.
(對(duì))Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.
(錯(cuò))Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.
(對(duì))Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.
3.wish的用法
1)wish后面的從句,表示與事實(shí)相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式為:
主句從句
從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作(be的過去式為were)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)
從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生(had+過去分詞)過去時(shí)/現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去完成時(shí)
將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來時(shí)/現(xiàn)在時(shí)would/could+動(dòng)詞原形
IwishIwereastallasyou. 我希望和你一樣高
Hewishedhehadntsaidthat.他希望他沒講過那樣的話
Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了
Iwishthatheweren’tsolazy.但愿他不那么懶
Hewishesthathewereateacher.他希望他是個(gè)老師就好了
Iwishthathehadnotmadesomuchfussaboutit.但愿那時(shí)他對(duì)這事不那么大驚小怪
Iwishthattherainwouldstop.要是雨停就好了
2)在“itiswishedthat”句型以及作名詞所引起的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要求使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用法同上。
3)wishtodo;wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.我希望見一見經(jīng)理。
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)我希望經(jīng)理能馬上得到消息
八、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中
當(dāng)某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,其表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形或直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞常見的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation,aim,wish,necessity,preference,motion,plan,idea,resolution等。
Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionbeputoff.我們都贊成你提出的將討論延期的建議。
Thesuggestionthatthemayorpresenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.由市長(zhǎng)頒發(fā)獎(jiǎng)金的建議被每個(gè)人接受。
Anyproposalsthatjohnshouldbedismissedmustberesisted.必須抵制任何開除JOHN的提議
Hisideathatweshouldtakeupthematterwithaspecialboardisfairlyresonable.他建議我們以一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)處理這件事,這的確有道理
Oursuggestionisthatweshouldputonaplayattheenglishevening.我們建議在英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)上演一個(gè)劇
九、在主語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
Itis/was+necessary+that+主語(yǔ)+should+加動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略,表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、道歉、懷疑、驚奇等
可用的詞有:suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted,important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange,apity,ashame,nowonder,essential,advisable,mandatory,obligatory,vital,compulsory,crucial,fitting,better,best,appropriate,recommended…
十、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中
在由lest,forfearthat,inorderthat,sothat,incaseof等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多由should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,should也可省略。
Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。
Iremindedhertwiceofitlestsheshouldforget.我提醒她兩次,怕她忘記
IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIshoulddisturbhim.我不會(huì)出聲的,以免打擾他
Ihavecomeallthewayhereinorderthatyoushouldunderstandme.我到這里來為的是你能理解我
Heputhiscoatoverhissonincaseheshouldcatchcold.他把大衣蓋在兒子身上以免他著涼
注意:如果inorderthat和sothat前的主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí),其后的從句有時(shí)也可用can,may+動(dòng)詞原形。
AskhimtohurryupwiththeletterssothatIcansignthem.讓他帶著信趕快來以便我簽字
在以lest和incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若屬于過去時(shí),一般要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,should+動(dòng)詞原形,若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是過去時(shí),也可以用成述語(yǔ)氣。
takewarmclothesincasetheweatheriscold.帶上厚衣服以防天變冷。
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在方式狀語(yǔ)從句中
在asif(asthough)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示‘似乎,好象’的意思,其動(dòng)詞形式與wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句中的形式相同。
AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhewereaRoman.艾倫談起羅馬來好像他是個(gè)羅馬人一樣。
IfeelasifIweretenyearsyounger.我覺得我仿佛年輕了10歲
Hetalksaboutpyramidsasthoughhehadseenthemhimself.他談起金字塔來,就好象親眼見過似的
Ifeelasifwehadknowneachotherforyears.我感到我們好象已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)多年了
Itlooksasifitmightrain.看上去好象要下雨
十一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝形式
在書面語(yǔ)中,如果條件從句含有were,had,should,可將連詞if省略,再將were,had或should移至句首,構(gòu)成非真實(shí)條件句的倒裝語(yǔ)序
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他們現(xiàn)在在的話,就會(huì)幫助我們了。
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
你來得早一點(diǎn),就碰到他了。
Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨,莊稼就有救了。
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.
A.IfwereIB.Iwere C.WereI D.WasI
答案C.在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)中如果有were,should,had這三個(gè)詞,通常將if省略,主語(yǔ)提前,變成were,should,had+主語(yǔ)的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說WereInottodo,而不能說WerentItodo.
e.g.Hadyoubeenherejustnow,youwouldhavemether.你要是剛才在這兒,就見到她了。
WereInotbusy,Iwouldhavecome.假如我不忙,我就會(huì)來了。
十二、其他句型
1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在Itis+形容詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中
在某些表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等形容詞后的主語(yǔ)從句中,需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略should直接用動(dòng)詞原形。這類形容詞有advisable(合理的),appropriate(適當(dāng)?shù)模?,compulsory(必須的),crucial(緊急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),incredible(驚人的),natural(自然的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),preferable(更好的),probable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(緊迫的),vital(極為重要的)。
Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsbesentbackasearlyaspossible.這些申請(qǐng)表應(yīng)盡早地寄回,這是很重要的。
Itisvitalthatenoughmoneybecollectedtofundtheproject.重要的是募集足夠的錢,為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目提供資金。
2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在Itis+過去分詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中
在Itis+過去分詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求等主觀意向,謂語(yǔ)用should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略should只用動(dòng)詞原形。這類過去分詞有:decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested,required等。
Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadythisevening.希望我們今晚一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。
3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在Itis(about/high)time+that定語(yǔ)從句中
在Itis(about/high)time+that定語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“該做……的時(shí)候了”,其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形
Itsalready5oclocknow,Dontyouthinkitsabouttimewewenthome?已經(jīng)5點(diǎn)鐘了,你不認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該回家了嗎?
①在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat...句型中,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài)
IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong?這是你第一次參觀香港嗎?
②Itstimetodosomething有別于Itstimethat...
4.比較ifonly與onlyif
onlyif表示"只有";ifonly則表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly引起的句子,一般過去時(shí)或would+動(dòng)詞原形表示現(xiàn)在或未來事實(shí)相反,過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反,也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有鬧鐘響了,我才會(huì)醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung. 當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響就好了。
Ifonlyhecomesearly. 但愿他早點(diǎn)回來
Ifonlyweknewwheretolookforhim.我們要是知道到哪里去找他就好了
IfonlyIhadlistenedtomyparents.要是我聽取了父母的話該多好啊
5.but或butthat表達(dá)的含蓄條件的特殊含義
but或butthat做“如果不……”解,意思相當(dāng)與“ifnot”,其后面不可接虛擬模式,應(yīng)接陳述式的現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞或過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞,即‘butthat+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞/過去式動(dòng)詞’,而主句要用虛擬式。
Butthatyouhelphim,hewouldfail.如果沒有你的幫助,他會(huì)失敗的
Butthatyouhelpedhim,hewouldhavefailed.如果沒有你的幫助,他早就失敗了
6.need“不必做”和“本不必做”
didntneedtodo表示過去不必做某事,事實(shí)上也沒做;neednthavedone表示過去不必做某事,但事實(shí)上做了
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidntneedtowalkbackhome.
約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她不必步行回家了
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneednthavewalkedbackhome.
約翰開車去車站接瑪麗,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家了,沒有遇上John的車)
Therewasplentyoftime.She___.
A.mustnthavehurriedB.couldnthavehurried
C.mustnothurryD.neednthavehurried
Dneednthavedone.意為"本不必",即已經(jīng)做了某事,而時(shí)實(shí)際上不必要。Mustnthavedone用法不正確,對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行否定性推斷應(yīng)為couldnthavedone,"不可能已經(jīng)"。mustnotdo不可以(用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
7.不定式的完成時(shí)用在intend,mean,plan,suppose等動(dòng)詞后,表示原打算做而實(shí)際未能做而實(shí)際未能做成的事,因而含有虛擬的意思
8.need/needn’t+havedone結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣,作‘本來有/沒有必要做某事’
9.asitwere常插在句子中,表示‘姑且這樣說,可說是’這類的意思
Heisagrown-upbaby,asitwere.他可說是一個(gè)大孩子了
Hebecame,asitwereakindofherofromastrangeland.他仿佛成了一個(gè)來自異鄉(xiāng)的英雄
hewas,asitwere,intoxicatedbythesoftairandsunshineofspring.他可說是被春天的和風(fēng)和陽(yáng)光陶醉了
10.wouldthink本身就是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示會(huì)認(rèn)為,想到.
Anyonewouldthinkyouwereinlovewiththegirl.誰(shuí)都會(huì)認(rèn)為你是愛上了這個(gè)姑娘
anyonewouldthinkheownstheplace,thewayhetalks.聽他這樣談話誰(shuí)都會(huì)認(rèn)為他是這里的老板
11.wouldhavethought本身也是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示誰(shuí)會(huì)想到,或原本會(huì)以為
Whowouldhavethoughttoseeyouhere.誰(shuí)會(huì)想到在這里碰到你
Whowouldhavethoughtofsuchathing.誰(shuí)會(huì)想到這樣的事
Whowouldhavethoughtshe’dendupdancingforaliving.誰(shuí)會(huì)想到她最后落得靠跳舞謀生
12.who/whatshould…that…表示原來是……
Whoshouldcomeinbuthisfirstwife.進(jìn)來的原來是他的第一任妻子
whenIgotofftheboatwhomshouldIseebutRuggles.我下船的時(shí)候我見到一個(gè)人,原來是Ruggles.
whatshouldIfindbutanenormousspider.我看到的原來是一只特大的蜘蛛
13.wouldrather/sooner+不定式
Iwouldrather/soonerbeaminerthanabankclerk.我寧愿當(dāng)?shù)V工,而不愿當(dāng)銀行職員
He’drathergobycar.他寧愿坐汽車去
IfI’dlivedin1400,I’dratherhavebeenaknightthanamonk.如果我活在1400年,我寧愿當(dāng)騎士而不當(dāng)和尚
14.ifneedbe如果有必要
Ifneedbe,helphimtodoit.如果有必要,幫他去做
Iwillcomeifneedbe.如有必要我會(huì)來
I’llworkatnightifneedbe.如果有必要我可以晚上工作
15.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于表示祝愿的祈使句中,動(dòng)詞一般要使用原形或‘+動(dòng)詞原形’,同時(shí)要注意的是句子的主謂要倒裝
LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!
MayyouhaveamerryChristmas!
Godblessyou!
Mayyoualwaysbehappy!
Mayyouhavealonghandhappy!
Mayallyourdreamscometrue!
16.在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場(chǎng)合中,使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
Youshouldnthavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.你不應(yīng)該一直這樣緊緊地跟著他,而該和他保持一定的距離
高考英語(yǔ)備考虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一名優(yōu)秀的教師就要對(duì)每一課堂負(fù)責(zé),教師要準(zhǔn)備好教案,這是老師職責(zé)的一部分。教案可以保證學(xué)生們?cè)谏险n時(shí)能夠更好的聽課,幫助教師能夠井然有序的進(jìn)行教學(xué)。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能寫好呢?小編收集并整理了“高考英語(yǔ)備考虛擬語(yǔ)氣”,供大家借鑒和使用,希望大家分享!
2011高考英語(yǔ)備考(考點(diǎn)聚焦+名題導(dǎo)解)虛擬語(yǔ)氣一、考點(diǎn)聚焦1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過去式(be動(dòng)詞的過去式用were)”,而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。如:IfIwer 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 主句 與過去事實(shí)相反 had+過去分詞 should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 一般過去時(shí)(be用were) would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 與將來事實(shí)相反 一般過去時(shí)或should(wereto)+動(dòng)詞原形 Would/should/cold/might+動(dòng)詞原形有時(shí)侯在使用時(shí)可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式,即“were/had/should+主語(yǔ)”。如:WereIaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Hadhetakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceeded.Wereitnotfortheexpense,IwouldgotoBritain.[ks5u.comKS5U.COM]2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于名詞性從句(1)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。①“wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,譯為“要是……就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí);表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”;表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”或“could(should)+have+過去分詞”。如: Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround. IwishIhadknowntheanswer. IwishIcouldflylikeabird. ②在表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+動(dòng)詞原形或是動(dòng)詞原形。如: Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce. Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated. (2)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。 作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”。如: Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful. Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100dollars. (3)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。 在主語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如: Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday. Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless. Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon. 注意:這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說人對(duì)這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感,就可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。反之,如果不表示驚奇等情感,that從句也可用陳述句語(yǔ)氣。如: Itispitythatyoucan’tswim. 3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他場(chǎng)合的運(yùn)用 (1)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,用過去完成時(shí);指現(xiàn)在狀況,則用一般過去時(shí);指將來狀況則用過去將來時(shí)。如: Hediditasifhewereanexpert. Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem. (2)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句中。 這種從句常用于句型“Itis(high)time(that)…”中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)(be用were)或should+動(dòng)詞原形,意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該……”。如: It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter. It’shightimeweweregoing. (3)虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如: IfonlyIwereabird. IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice. (4)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些簡(jiǎn)單句中的運(yùn)用。 ①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),表示說話人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語(yǔ)氣委婉,常出現(xiàn)在日常會(huì)話中。如: Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate. Wouldyoubekindenoughtoclosethedoor? ②用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如: Wouldyoulikeacupoftea? Iwouldrathernottellyou.L二、精典名題導(dǎo)解選擇填空1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken解析:答案為C。本題考查的是asif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)氣問題,asif引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句如果與事實(shí)一致,不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,如果與事實(shí)相反,應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中,鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷,與事實(shí)相反,前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因而本句是對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬,用werebroken。2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome解析:答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。題意是:我在會(huì)議上沒看到你姐姐,故你姐姐沒來。因此如果“她來了”與事實(shí)相反,前面一句交代了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)的虛擬,所以if從句中用had+過去分詞。3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken解析:答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語(yǔ)境可知,他事先并沒有得到警告,表示過去時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,故選B。4.Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving解析:答案為A。本題考虛擬語(yǔ)氣及責(zé)備的用法,全句意為:Mr.white8:30(原本)應(yīng)該到會(huì)的,但他沒露面。全句談的是過去的事,故應(yīng)使用shouldhavedone結(jié)構(gòu),表原本該做而沒做的事。5.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—Youherlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetold解析:答案為D。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法,should(oughtto)havedone表示說話人對(duì)發(fā)生的事性“責(zé)備”故選D。6.—Let’sgoandhaveagooddrinktonight.—Haveyougotthefirstprizeinthecompetition?A.Whatfor?B.Thanksalot.C.Yes,I’dliketo.D.Whynot?解析:答案為A??颊Z(yǔ)境及交際用語(yǔ)。前句建議:今晚咱們出去好好喝一頓吧。喝一頓應(yīng)有個(gè)來由和原因,且多是為了慶祝某事,所以后句問:為何事(慶祝)?你是不是在競(jìng)賽中得了一等獎(jiǎng)?這樣才能表示后者驚訝、疑問和興奮,whatfor:為何而做某事?其余均不合語(yǔ)境。