英語高中語法教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間:2020-11-14高二英語OldandNew語法要點(diǎn)歸納。
Module6OldandNew詞匯、句子、語法要點(diǎn)歸納
一、重難點(diǎn)單詞
1.civiladj.民用的,國內(nèi)的civilsociety文明社會(huì)keepaciviltongue說文明話acivilcode民法典acivilcase(suit)民事案件(訴訟)
2.damn.壩,堤,水閘ThreeGorgesDam三峽大壩
3.hydro-electricadj.水力發(fā)電的ahydroelectric(power)station水電站
4.reservoirn.水庫astoringreservoir貯水池
thereservoirofafountainpen自來水筆的膽
5.structuren.建筑,結(jié)構(gòu)soilstructure土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、thestructureofsociety社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)
amagnificentmarblestructure宏偉的大理石建筑物
6.terminaln.終點(diǎn)站,候機(jī)廳aterminalstation終點(diǎn)站
aterminalexamination大考,學(xué)期考試acontainerterminal集裝箱碼頭
7.datevi.始于(某一歷史時(shí)期)
Hisdeclinedatesfromlastsummer.他身體的衰弱是從去年夏天開始的。
Thischurchdatesbackto1173.這座教堂早在1173年就建成了。
8.a(chǎn)ccommodatevt.容納(乘客等)
Thisuniversityauditoriumcanaccommodateoverthreethousandpeople.
這座大學(xué)禮堂能容納三千余人。
atabletoaccommodatetendinners可坐10人的餐桌
awellaccommodatedhotel設(shè)施完善的旅館
9.constructionn.建造,建設(shè),建筑
beunderconstruction正在建造中abridgeofrecentconstruction新近建成的橋
10.relicn.(歷史的)遺跡;遺物relicsofanancientcity古城遺跡
unearthedculturalrelicsoftheHanDynasty出土的漢代文物
11.siten.場(chǎng)所,遺址
aconstructionsite工地asuitablesiteforafactory適于造工廠的地點(diǎn)
anucleartestsite核試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)thesiteofanancientcity古城遺址
12.generatevt.發(fā)(電)
generateelectricity發(fā)電generateresentment導(dǎo)致不滿
13.harnessvt.利用,將(自然力)變成動(dòng)力
harnessahorsetoacarriage把馬套在車上harnessariver治河
harnessthelimitlesspowerofthesun利用無窮盡的太陽能
14.historicaladj.歷史的,有關(guān)歷史的ahistoricalevent歷史事件
historicalmaterialism歷史唯物主義ahistoricalpersonage歷史人物
15.narrowadj.狹窄的inanarrowsense在狹義上anarrowmajority勉強(qiáng)的多數(shù)
moveinanarrowcircleoffriends生活在狹小的朋友圈子中
haveanarrowescape死里逃生anarrowinspection精密的檢查
16.submergevt.浸入水中,淹沒Thefloodsubmergedthetown.洪水淹沒了市鎮(zhèn)。
17.globaladj.全球的Theearthisaglobalmass.地球是一個(gè)球形體
theglobalaudience全世界的聽眾(或觀眾)theglobalsum總計(jì)
18.removevt.遷移,搬遷removethefamilytotheseashore把家搬到海邊
Kindlyremovethedishes.請(qǐng)把碗盞端走。removesb’sdoubts消除某人的疑慮
removethetroopstothefront把部隊(duì)調(diào)往前線removeone’shat脫帽
removethecausesofdisease消除疾病的根源
19.freezingadj.冷冰冰的,極冷的
afreezingmachine冷凍機(jī)Whatfreezingweather!好冷的天氣!
20.ridiculousadj.荒唐的,可笑的aridiculousidea荒謬的(或可笑的)想法
21.foggyadj.有濃霧的afoggymorning多霧的早晨
22.crashvi.(飛機(jī))失事,墜毀Thecarcrashedintoatree.車子嘩的一聲撞城樹上。
Awallcrashedtotheground.墻轟地坍了下來。
Thedoorcrashedopen.門砰的一聲開了。Thunderandlightningcrashed.雷電交加。
二、重點(diǎn)短語:
1.datefrom起源于也可以說datebackto/gobackto,常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
Thecastledatesbacktothe14century.Theprosperityofthefamilydatesfromthewar.
2.holdback阻止
(1)躊躇Buyersareholdingback,makingfewornooffers.買主們不愿出價(jià)。
Whendangerscome,nooneholdback.危險(xiǎn)來臨,無人退縮。
(2)holdsb./sth.back
Hispooreducationisholdinghimback.他的教育程度差阻礙了他的發(fā)展。
3.cometrue(夢(mèng)想等)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)
Hisdreamhascometrue.他的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
4.makesense有意義,有道理
Thissentencedoesn’tmakesense.這個(gè)句子毫無意義。
5.bringanendto結(jié)束,停止也可說成makeanendofsth;putanendtosth.
Wemustputanendtotheseabuses.我們必須除去這些弊端。
三、重點(diǎn)句子
1.IttooksixyearstobuildandcostUSbillion.
此句中it為形式主語,真正的主語是后面的不定式。
e.g.Ittookhimalotofmoneytobuythathouse.
2.AtempleisaplaceofgreatimportancetoBuddhists.
ofgreatimportance相當(dāng)于veryimportant,類似的有:ofgreatvalue相當(dāng)于quitevaluable
3.Nowthey’relivingahappynewlifeindifferentareas.
live…life過著……的生活
liveahappylife過快樂的生活liveamiserablelife過悲慘的生活
4.Someofthemarebeingremovedandsomearebeingputintomuseums.
bebeingdone為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)e.g.Thehouseisbeingpainted.
5.Atthetimeitwasbuilt,ChekLapKokAirportinHongkongwasthebiggestcivilengineeringprojectofalltime.
此句中thetime用作一個(gè)連詞,可直接引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子。
AtthetimeIlookedather,shewasdoingherjob.也可看成when。
6.Wallsofstonetoholdbackcloudsandrain.
holdsb.backfromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事
e.g.Hispooreducationisholdinghimback.他的教育程度差阻礙了他的發(fā)展。
7.In1945,aUSmilitaryplane,whichwasflyingoverManhattanonafoggyday,crashedintothebuildingjustabovethe78thfloor.
此句中主句為AUSmilitaryplanecrashedintothebuildingjustabovethe78thfloor.
In1945是時(shí)間從句,which指代theplane。
onafoggyday此處day有foggy修飾,因此前面要用介詞on。
四、語法點(diǎn)撥——定語從句
1.什么叫定語從句?
用來修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句,叫定語從句。(它所修飾的詞稱為先行詞)它是形容詞性從句。
2.可以引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有哪些?
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞可分為兩類,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。
關(guān)系代詞有:that(指人或物,在從句中作主語或賓語);which(指物,在從句中作主語或賓語),who(指人,在從句中作主語或賓語);whom(指人,在從句中作賓語),whose(……的,指人或物的,在從句中作定語)。
關(guān)系副詞有:when(指時(shí)間,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語);where(指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語);why(指原因,在從句中作原因狀語)。
3.關(guān)系詞有哪些作用?
關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞有雙重作用:一方面起連詞作用,連接從句使之與主句發(fā)生關(guān)系,另一方面它在從句中起一定的句法做用(關(guān)系代詞可作主語、賓語等;關(guān)系副詞可做狀語)
4.定語從句有哪幾種?
定語從句可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。
△限定性定語從句:限定性定語從句是用來修飾和限制先行詞的,是復(fù)合句中不可缺少的組成部分。若將它去掉,先行詞的意思就不明確,主句也不完整了。
e.g.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的
(1)Iknowthegirlthatattendedtheparty.(關(guān)系代詞作主語)我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)參加晚會(huì)的女孩。
(2)ThatisthejobthatI’mhuntingfor.(關(guān)系代詞作賓語)這正是我要找的工作。
(3)Hecamefromafamilywhichwasverypoor.關(guān)系代詞作主語他來自一個(gè)很貧窮的家庭。
(4)Imetsomeonewhosaidheknewyou.(關(guān)系代詞作主語)我遇到了某個(gè)說認(rèn)識(shí)你的人。
(5)Isthattheteacherwhomyoureferredto?(關(guān)系代詞作賓語)這就是那個(gè)你說的老師嗎?
(6)Confuciusisthephilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatest.
(關(guān)系代詞的定語)孔子是那個(gè)影響力非常大的哲學(xué)家。
e.g.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的
(1)Butitwasalsoatimewhenthereweremanygreatphilosophers.(關(guān)系副詞作時(shí)間狀語)
但這也是一個(gè)誕生了眾多的哲學(xué)家的時(shí)代。
(2)AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.
(關(guān)系副詞作地點(diǎn)狀語)古代的中國是一個(gè)各小國常相互交戰(zhàn)的地方。
(3)Often,thereasonwhypeopleareunhappyisthattheydonothaveenoughlove.
(關(guān)系副詞作原因狀語)通常人們不快樂的原因是因?yàn)樗麄兊貌坏阶銐虻膼邸?br>
△非限定性定語從句:非限定性定語從句是對(duì)先行詞的附加說明,若省去也不影響主句的意思,它和主句間常用逗號(hào)隔開。
e.g.(1)TheYangtzeRiveristhethirdlongestriverintheworld,whichismorethat6,000kilometreslong.(關(guān)系代詞作主語)長(zhǎng)江是世界上最長(zhǎng)的河,它有6000多米長(zhǎng)。
(2)SunYat-sen,whowastheleaderof1911Revolution,firstsuggestedtheideain1919.(關(guān)系代詞作主語)孫中山是最先在1919年提出這個(gè)思想的人,他是1911年辛亥革命的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。
注意:
(1)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),介詞賓語只能用which代物,用whom代人。
e.g.HeisamanofwhomChinacanbeproud.他是中國引以為自豪的人。
Thisisthehouseinwhichtheinventorlived.這就是這位發(fā)明家曾經(jīng)住過的房子。
(2)在限定性的定語從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。
e.g.Thedam(that)wesawinthefilmwasn’ttheThreeGorgesdam.
我們?cè)陔娪爸锌吹降拇髩尾皇侨龒{大壩。
Thestudents(that)ImetnearthereservoirwerefromVietnam.
我在水庫附近遇到的學(xué)生們來自越南。
(3)在限制性定語從句,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任介詞而介詞在句尾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可以省略。
e.g.Imetaman(who)mygrandfatherworkedwiththirtyyearsago.
我遇到了30年前和我爺爺一起工作的那個(gè)人。
Iwantedtovisitthehouse(that)mygrandparentslivedin.
我想去看看我祖父母曾居住過的房子。
(4)有時(shí)為了行文需要,定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞和部分謂語動(dòng)詞可以省略。
e.g.Thepeople(whowere)livinginthevillagehavemovedtootherplaces.
以前住在村子里的人們已經(jīng)搬到其它地方去了。
Theycamefromavillage(thatwas)submergedinthereservoir.
他們來自一個(gè)被淹沒在水庫里的村子。
相關(guān)閱讀
高二英語語法考點(diǎn)歸納:過去分詞做狀語
一名優(yōu)秀的教師就要對(duì)每一課堂負(fù)責(zé),準(zhǔn)備好一份優(yōu)秀的教案往往是必不可少的。教案可以讓學(xué)生們充分體會(huì)到學(xué)習(xí)的快樂,幫助高中教師掌握上課時(shí)的教學(xué)節(jié)奏。您知道高中教案應(yīng)該要怎么下筆嗎?以下是小編為大家收集的“高二英語語法考點(diǎn)歸納:過去分詞做狀語”僅供參考,希望能為您提供參考!
高二英語語法考點(diǎn)歸納:過去分詞做狀語
Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.
Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents’company…..
Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.
Exhausted,Islidintothebedandfellfastasleep.
過去分詞作狀語:過去分詞作狀語時(shí),說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況,其等同于一個(gè)狀語從句。vt過去分詞作狀語時(shí)與主句主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,表示被動(dòng)和完成,vi過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。
Heated,waterchangesintosteam.
Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungpeople.
1作原因狀語,等于as/since/because引導(dǎo)從句
Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn’thelpcrying.=(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid…
2作時(shí)間狀語,等于when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句,如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,可在分詞前加when/while/until等使時(shí)間意義更明確。
Whenheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=(Whentheparkisseenfromthehill…
3作條件狀語等于if/whether引導(dǎo)從句
Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.=(Iftheyhavebeengivenmoreattention….
Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo=(Ifwearecomparedwithyou…
4作方式或伴隨狀語
Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.
Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.
5作讓步狀語
Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.=(Althoughhewastired,)he….
6獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時(shí),分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來表示伴隨情況。
Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.
Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatvaluethanhers.
Rewritewithproperconjunctions
Example:Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.
Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfall.
1Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.
→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,…
2Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.
→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,…
3Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.
Ifweweregivenmoretime,
4OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.
OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,
5Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.
Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,
6Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.
Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,
現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí),與其邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,;而過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間則表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
Seeingthesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijing.Seenfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.(see)
選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞,關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動(dòng)作是主句的主語發(fā)出,分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞,反之就用過去分詞。例如:
Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.
由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,這本書看上去很舊。
Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.
在使用的過程中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用
注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài)
_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)
______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)
belostin
bedressedin
beinterestedin
bedevotedto
besupposedto?becaughtintherain
beseatedin
bepreparedfor
bedeterminedto
2.不與主語保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu)
generallyspeaking 一般說來
strictly/franklyspeaking嚴(yán)格地說/坦白地說
judgingfrom從…判斷
allthingsconsidered從整體來看
takingallthingsintoconsideration 全面看來
例如:Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.從他的臉色看,他一定是病了。
Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.
總的來說,狗比豬跑得快。(speaking不是dogs的動(dòng)作)
Practice
1.CompleteeachsentencesusingtheP.P.oftherightverb.
buildfrightentrapfollowshootseeexamine
1________bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaredtosleepinherroom.
2Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.
3Afterhavingbeen_________carefully,theroomwaslockedagain.
4.______in1949,theexhibitionhallisover50yearsold.
5_____fromadistance,theOperaHouselookslikeshipsails.
6If_____inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.
7Although______intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.
練習(xí)
1____time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven
2___in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.
ABeingfoundedBItwasfounded
CFoundedDFounding
3Unless__tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.
AinvitedBinviting
CbeinginvitedDhavinginvited
4___,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.
AHehadbeentoldmanytimes
BHavingbeentoldmanytimes
CToldmanytimes
DAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes
5Whenfirst___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.
AintroducingBintroduced
CintroduceDbeingintroduced
6Thereseemedtobenothing___todobut___forthedoctor.
Aleave/sendBleft/tosend
Cleft/sendDleaving/send
作介詞but,expect,besides的賓語,前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí),不定式通常省去to
7____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere___themselves.
AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohide
CHunted/hidingDHunted/tohide
8.The___morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,___byhisnaughtyboy.
A.following,followingB.followed,followed
C.following,followedD.followed,following
9.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse___afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell___careofinthenursery.
A.looked;takenB.looking;taken
C.looked;tookD.looking;taking
10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtied
C.tobetiedD.tied
11.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.Togive
C.GivingD.Havinggiven
高二英語語法考點(diǎn)歸納:過去分詞做定語表語
高二英語語法考點(diǎn)歸納:過去分詞做定語表語
1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.
2.Hethrewawaythebrokencup.
3.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.
4.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
單個(gè)過去分詞作定語,常放在被修飾詞的前面;
過去分詞短語作定語,常放在被修飾詞的后面。
spokenEnglish
=Englishwhichisspoken
terrifiedpeople
=thepeoplewhoareterrified
anorganizedway
=awaythatisorganized
affectedarea災(zāi)區(qū)
=theareawhichisaffected
stolenculturerelics
=culturerelicsthathadbeenstolen
thebookrecommendedbytheteacher
=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbytheteacher
printedarticles
=articlesthatareprinted
1)DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.定語
2)JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet.定語
3)Hegotinterestedinthetwotheories.表語
4)Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood表語
PastParticipleastheAttribute定語PastParticipleasthePredicative表語
1.terrifiedpeople1.peoplewhoareterrified
2.reservedseats2.seatsthatarereserved
3.pollutedwater3.waterthatispolluted
4.acrowdedroom4.aroomthatiscrowded
5.apleasedwinner5.awinnerthatispleased
6.Astonishedchildren6.childrenwholookastonished
7.abrokenvase7.avasethatisbroken
8.acloseddoor8.adoorthatisclosed
9.thetiredaudience9.theaudiencewhofeeltired
10.atrappedanimal10.ananimalthatistrapped
Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.
=Therearemanyleaveswhichhadfallenontheground.(地上有許多落葉)
Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
=Someofthem,whohadbeenbornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.
(他們中的一些人,在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大,從沒去過北京)
及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或者沒有一定的時(shí)間性,只表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
pollutedwater
=waterwhichispolluted
reservedseats
=theseatswhichwerereserved
trappedanimal
=theanimalwhichwastrapped
不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不表被動(dòng),只表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前,含有動(dòng)作完成,動(dòng)作結(jié)束之含義。
boiledwater
=waterwhichhasboiled
fallenleaves
=theleaveswhichhavefallen
risensun
=thesunwhichhasrisen
過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語,前后用逗號(hào)隔開。
Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.這些書是郭敬明寫的,深受青少年的喜愛。
Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他們中的一些人,在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大,從沒過北京.
Thebook_writtenbythefarmer(一本農(nóng)民寫的書)isverypopular.
Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(去年建的樓房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.
Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday(在昨天會(huì)議上討論的)wasverydifficulttosolve.
Thewindowbrokenbythatnaughtyboy被那個(gè)頑皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.
Thechildrenexaminedinthehospitalyesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的)wereseriouslyill.
Thepeopleexposedtothesun(暴露在陽光下的)gotsunburnt.
Theboypunishedseverelybytheteacher(受到老師嚴(yán)厲懲罰的)isnowacollegestudent.
Thewaterdeliveredtohishome(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.
TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishspokeninthepast300years(300年前所說的).
Mostoftheartistsinvitedtotheparty(被邀請(qǐng)去參加聚會(huì)的)werefromSouthAfrica.
Thestudentsinspiredbytheteacher(受到老師鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.
TheOlympicGames,__A_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying
①過去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已完成。
②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,與修飾詞是主謂關(guān)系。
③不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.
Consolidation鞏固
1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.
A.areboughtB.bought
C.beenboughtD.buying
2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,
thenewly-electedpresidentishaving
ahardtime.
A.settledB.settling
C.tosettleD.beingsettled
3.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknown
C.tobeknownD.known
4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”
A.pin,readB.pinning,reading
C.pinned,readingD.pinned,read
2)作表語表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作形容詞使用。如:disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。
Thewindowisbroken.窗戶碎了。
Don’tgetsoexcited.別這么激動(dòng)。
1.用作表語的過去分詞被動(dòng)意味很弱,主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài),此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。
2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞動(dòng)詞意味很強(qiáng),句子主語為動(dòng)作的承受者,后面常跟by短語。
①Theglassisbroken.
TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.
②Thewindowsareclosed.
ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.
3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested,
surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動(dòng)意味。
①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?
Theygotveryexcited.
②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?
Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.
③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.
④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.
作表語練習(xí):
Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
該題考查分詞作表語的用法?!皌opaysb.bythehour”計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有:getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.
1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.
A.paintedB.painting
C.beingpaintedD.tobepainted
2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.
A.waslosingB.gotlosing
C.grewlostD.gotlost
3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparents
are_____him.
A.disappointing;disappointedat
B.disappointing;disappointedabout
C.disappointing;disappointedwith
D.disappointed;disappointingby
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義.
現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行,過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成.
amovingmovie 感人的電影
amovedaudience 被感動(dòng)的觀眾
boilingwater 正在燒(煮沸)的水
boiledwater已煮沸的水
developingcountries反展中國家
developedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國家
fallingleaves落葉(正在進(jìn)行)
fallenleaves落葉(已經(jīng)完成)
Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.
Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.
ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.
TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet。
高二英語語法考點(diǎn)歸納:過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)
高二英語語法考點(diǎn)歸納:過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)
英語中過去分詞可作賓補(bǔ),(此時(shí)的過去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義,有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即賓語是過去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如:
Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,表一種狀態(tài)。)
一.過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.
Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.(諺語:少說多看)
Dontleavesuchanimportantthingundone.
Dontleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.
二.過分詞用在get,have,make,的后面。
1.注意“have+賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況:
A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"
eg:Ihavehadmybikerepaired.
Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.
B)表"遭遇到某種不幸,受到打擊/受....影響,蒙受.....損失"
Eg:Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.
Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.
Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchyesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+賓語+過去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如:
TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodinverysimpleEnglish.
Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.
三、過去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。如
Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.
Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyraindrops.
Hefelthimselfcheated.
Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseecarriedoutthenextyear.(NMET2000)
四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like,expect等表示“希望,愿望”這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如
Thebosswouldntliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.
Iwouldlikemyhousepaintedwhite.
Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.
Iwishtheproblemsettled.
五、過去分詞用在“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞與賓語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:
Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.
Withmanybrightly-colouredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.
Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.
六、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ):賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。
過去分詞作賓補(bǔ):賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作。
不定式作賓補(bǔ): 表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動(dòng)作。
eg:Hedidntnoticemewaiting.
IheardthesongsunginEnglish.
Isawhimopeningthewindow.
Isawthewindowopened.
Isawhimopenthewindow.
IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1:
1.___pooratEnglish,ImafraidIcantmakemyself___.
A.Tobe;understandB.Im;tounderstandC.Being;understandingD.Being;understood
2.Ihavehadmybike___,andImgoingtohavesomebody___myradiotomorrow.
A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairing
3.Youmustgetthework___beforeFriday.
A.doB.todoC.doingD.done
4.___theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder___.
A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolen
5.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.
A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.settling
6.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.(上海1999)
A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired
7.Itiswisetohavesomemoney___foroldage.(NMET1996)
A.putawayB.keepupC.giveawayD.laidup(putaway放好,儲(chǔ)存...備用,處理掉,放棄,拋棄)
8.Idontwantthechildren___outinsuchweather.
A.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking
9.ImafraidthatIcantmakemyself___becauseofmypoorEnglish.
A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood
10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied(表動(dòng)作完成)
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2:
1.Wefoundhergreatly___.
A.improvingB.changedC.tohelpD.havingdisturbed
2.Janegotherbadtooth___atthedentists.
A.toputinB.pulledoutC.pushedoutD.drawingout
3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(上海2002)
A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted
4.Withalotofdifficulties___,theywenttotheseashoreandhadagoodrest.
A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun(oncebegun在句中作狀語,begin為及物動(dòng)詞:“著手”)
6.___,theywenthome,___.
A.Theirworkhadbeenfinished;singingandlaughing
B.Theyhadfinishedtheirwork;sangandlaughed
C.Theirworkfinished;singingandlaughing
D.aftertheirworkfinished;singingandlaughing
7.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword___
A.speakingB.speakC.spokenD.tospeak
8.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
9.___fromspace,theearthwithwater___70%ofitssurfacelookslikea"blueblanket".
A.Seen;coveredB.Beingseen;coversC.Seeing;coveringD.Seen;covering
10.____,theexperimentwillbesuccessful.
A.IfcarefullydoingB.IfitdonecarefullyC.IfcarefullydoneD.Ifdoingcarefully
11.Thegirlwroteacompositionwithout___.
A.askB.askingC.beingaskedD.tobeasked
12.Hefinishedhishomeworkandthenwenton___me.
A.helpingB.withhelpC.withhelpingD.tohelp
13.___wheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.
A.Havinglosthiswayandnotknowing
B.Losinghiswayanddidntknow
C.Havinglosthiswayanddidntknow
D.Losthiswayanddidntknow
14.____herfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.
A.HearingB.HavingheardC.TohearD.Heard
15.____histeamhadwon,hisfacelitupatonce.
A.KnowingB.WhenknowingC.AfterknowingD.Whenheknew
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練3:
1.Theyhurriedbackhomeonlytofindtheirhouse___into.
A.breakB.tobreakC.brokenD.breaking
2.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimself___onachair,withhishands___back.
A.tosit;tiedB.sitting;tyingC.sat;tiedD.sitting;tied
3.Wedonotfeel___toentermodernbuildings;everythingaboutthemseemsunfriendly.
A.invitedB.invitingC.toinviteD.tobeinvited
(feel后加形容詞,此處的invited表主語we的感受)
4.Imgoingtohavemyletters____tomorrowifIvegotthemreadybythen.
A.totypeB.typeC.typedD.typing
5.Everygreatcultureinthepasthaditsownideasofbeauty___inartandliterature.
A.expressedB.toexpressC.beingexpressedD.tobeexpressed
答案:
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1:1-10DCDBACACDD
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2::1-15BBAADDDADCCDDAD
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練3::1-5CDACA
高二英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納:倒裝句講解
高二英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納:倒裝句講解
1.倒裝句的定義:英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動(dòng)詞的前面。
如果把謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語前面,就叫做倒裝。
2.倒裝句的構(gòu)成
a)完全倒裝
將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,稱之為完全倒裝。
Areyoufromhere?你是本地人嗎?
Nowcomesthechance.機(jī)會(huì)來了。
b)部分倒裝
只將助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語之前,謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的后面,稱之為部分倒裝。例如:
Hashecome?他來了嗎?
Seldomhavewefeltascomfortableashere.我們難得像在這里這么舒服。
Onlyinthiswaycanwedotheworkbetter.
只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。
3.倒裝的原因
a)句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如:
Didyouattendthemeeting?你參加會(huì)議了嗎?
Longlivepeace!和平萬歲!
b)一些句型的固定用法。例如:
Suchwerehislastwords.他最后的話就是這樣。
c)強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后,句子更加流暢生動(dòng)。例如:
Neverbeforehaveweseensuchasight.以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。
Beforeuslayalotofdifficulties.在我們前面有很多困難。
Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。
4.倒裝句的基本用法
a)構(gòu)成疑問句(除對(duì)主語或主語之定語提問的特殊疑問句外):
Whenarewegoingtodrinktoyourhappiness?我們什么時(shí)候喝你們的喜酒?
Haveyouseenthefilm?你看了那部電影嗎?
b)在以here,there,now,then,in,away,updown等副詞開頭的句子中:
Awaywentthecrowdonebyone.人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。
Herecomesourteacher!我們的老師來了!
c)副詞only+狀語放在句首時(shí):
Onlythendidherealizehismistakes.只有在那時(shí)他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnmathswell.只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。
d)含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little,hardly,never,rarely,nosooner…than等)放在句首時(shí):
LittledidIthinkthathecouldbebackalive.我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。
NotuntilNewYear’sDayshallIgiveyouagift.我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
Hardlyhadthetrainarrivedatthestationwhenwerantowardsthesleepingcarlookingforourguests.
火車剛一進(jìn)站,我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。
e)副詞so或neither(nor)在句首:
Heisinterestedinpop-songs,andsoamI.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣,我也如此。
Hehasn’tbeentothecountryside,neitherdoeshewanttogothere.他沒有去過農(nóng)村,他也不想去那里。
f)在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首:
Thusendedhislife.這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。
Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.他講話的聲音那樣大,連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。
2.so作“也”講時(shí),引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語序,例如:
Hewenttothefilmlastnight.SodidI.他昨天晚上去看電影了,我也去了。
如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用,表示一種結(jié)果的意思,句子就要用正常語序。例如:
Hismothertoldhimtogotothefilm.Sohedid.他母親叫他去看電影,他就去了。
“Heisatallthinman.”“Soheis.”“他又高又瘦?!薄按_實(shí)如此?!?br>
3.某些讓步狀語從句往往把表語提到主語前面或放在句首,以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
Nomatterhowinterestingthebookis,hedoesntliketoreadit.不管這本書多有趣,他都不想看。
Howeverhardasolidmaybe,wecanchangeitsshape.不管一個(gè)固體有多硬,我們都可以改變其形狀。
Youngasheis,heknowsalot.雖然他年輕,卻知道很多東西。
4.在虛擬語氣中,如果非真實(shí)條件句省略if,須將主句中的were,had和should等助動(dòng)詞和主語顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如:
Wereheyounger(=Ifhewereyounger),hewouldlearnskating.假如他年輕一些,他就會(huì)去學(xué)溜冰。
Shouldtheyforget(=Iftheyshouldforget)tobringamapwiththem,theywouldgetlostinthewoods
如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話,他們就會(huì)在深林里迷路。
Hadtheyrealized(=Iftheyhadrealized)howimportantthetaskwas,theywouldn’thaverefusedto
acceptit.假如他們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)任務(wù)是多么重要的話,他們就不致于拒絕接受這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Mybrotherhadacoldlastweek,_________.
A.sohadIB.sodidI
C.IhadsoD.soIhad
2.Notuntil_________home__________hisparentshadbeenillforthreedays.
A.hegot;heknewB.didheget;heknew
C.hegot;didheknowD.didheget;didheknow
3.Inhardlyanysituation________findhersad.
A.thatyoucanB.thatcanyou
C.youcanD.canyou
4.Bequick!_________.
A.ThebuscomeshereB.Herecomesthebus
C.ThebusherecomesD.Hereisthebuscoming
5.In________andthelessonbegan.
A.theteachercameB.theteachercoming
C.cametheteacherD.didtheteachercome
6.Onthewall_________twolargeportraits.
A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging
7.---DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother?
---Idon’tknow,_________.
A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcare
C.Idon’tcareneitherD.neitherdon’tIcare
8.Onlywhen_________howimportantitistomasterEnglish.
A.didIworkIrealizedB.IworkeddidIrealize
C.didIworkdidIrealizeD.IworkedIrealized
9._______inthedarknessthathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
A.SofrightenedhewasB.Sofrightenedwashe
C.HewasfrightenedsoD.Sohewasfrightened
10._______,sheisstillasstrongasyou.
AasoldsheisB.Oldassheis
C.AssheisoldD.Asoldisshe