小學語文微課教案

Unit4AttitudestowardsOurElders-grammar學案。

Unit4AttitudestowardsOurElders-grammar學案

省略

一概述省略是一種修辭,它的使用主要是為了避免重復,它不僅適用于書面語,而且在口語中更加明顯.

1概念為了表達簡潔,或重點突出,常省去某個詞,短語,甚至句子.這種形式就叫省略.

HesaidthathewouldpayavisittotheGreatWallthenextweek.

Heisonlyaliveandishealthy.

當在英語中也有許多的固定省略結構,這種省略其實是一種約定的歷史文化,我們不需將其補充完整,即使按照語法可以這樣做,也沒有必要.如:

Nopains,nogains

Seeingisbelieving

Outofsight,outofmind

2省略的目的和遵循的原則

省略有兩個目的

1語言簡潔,結構緊湊.

Iwonderwhenandwheretoholdthemeeting

when=whentoholdthemeeting

---Illgiveyouanecklaceasabirthdaygift

---Really?butwhen?when=whenyouwillgiveittome

2重點突出,目標明確

Willyoutellmebywhomandforwhomitwasordered?

bywhom=itwasorderedbywhom

---Whowillbesenttocarryouttheplan?

---Johnson

它遵循的原則是不破壞結構或引起歧義

TheyvisitingandwewillbevisitingtheHeavenTemple

應改為TheyareandwewillbevisitingtheHeavenTemple

二省略句的應用

一簡單句中的省略

1主語的省略

1第一人稱省略

Ihopetoseeyouagain

2第二人稱在祈使句中的省略

Goandseewhoitis

Dontopenthewidow,oryoumaycatchacold

3第三人稱的省略

SheDoesntlookwell

ItisaPityhewonthelp

2動詞的省略

1助動詞省略,多在口語中

Hi,Tom,whereyougoing?

2主動詞省略.

MarydoesntspeakFrench,butJimdoes.

TomcanspeakEnglish,andsocanLucy.

---Jimhaspassedtheexam

---Sohehasandsohaveyou

3系動詞省略

Areyouhungry?

4Therebe句型的省略

Thereoughttobenobodyintheclassroom

IsthereAnythingIcandoforyou?

5在獨立主格結構中being;havingbeen的省略,一般只適用于其后是介詞或短語,如果是名詞不省略

Themeetingbeingover,theywenthome

Bookbeinginhand,heenteredtheroom.

Itbeingsunday,wedidtgotoschool.

6不定式to后動詞的省略。這類動詞有expect,like,wish,hope,prefer;love;intend,mean,refuse等

----Wouldyouliketoattendtheparty?

----Idliketo

另外，在haveto;needtooughtto;begoingto;usedto后也省略主動詞

Idontliketostayuplate,butIusedto

Idontwanttomeettheman,butIhadto二從句中的省略

1定語從句中的省略

1作賓語的關系代詞which;that;whom的省略

DoyouknowthegirlwhomItalkedtojustnow?

Haveyouseenthebikewhich/thatIboughtfromTom?

如果定語從句中的動詞后的介詞，放到關系代詞前，那么關系代詞不能省略。

2作狀語的關系副詞when/where/why的省略

ThatwasthelasttimewhenImethim

2狀語從句中的省略

當狀語從句中的主語和主句的主語一致時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和系動詞be.

1連詞when;if;evenif;unless;once;until;as;than+pp

Hedidtheworkaswellasexpected

Iwontattendthepartyevenifinvited

2連詞〈when;while;though+doing

Icameacrosshimwhencrossingonthestreet.

Thoughworkinginsuchpoorconditions,hestillfinishedtheworkontime.

3連詞as,asif,once+名詞

Onceathief,heworksasapolicemannow.

4連詞though,whether,when,if+形容詞

Ifnecessary,pleaseapologizetoher

5連詞,while,asif,whether+介詞短語

WhileinEngland,helearnedaforeignlanguage.

另外，我們也可以用so;not替代上文中的內容，此時常用ifso/not

Workhardaroundtheclock.Ifso,youwillsucceed.

Youshouldfinishtheworkontime.Ifnot,youwillbepunished

在某些形容詞glad;ready;pleased;happy等后。

---Willyoucarryouttheplan?

---Imgladto

假如語境中有表示時態(tài)的have,havebeen,和be，常在答句中表現出來。

---whyhaventyouattendedthelecture?

---Idliketohave,butitrainedheavily

練習：

1.Tomwantedtoplayfootballwithhisfriendsinthestreet,buthisfathertoldhim______.

A．nottoB．nottodoC．nottoitD．donotto

2.—DoyouthinkJackisgoingtowatchafootballmatchthisweekend?

—_______.

A．IbelievenotB．IbelievenotsoC．Idon’tbelieveitD．Idon’tbelieve

3.—Whatdoyouthingmadethegirlsoglad?

—_______abeautifulnecklace.

A．AsshereceivedB．Receiving

C．ReceivedD．Becauseofreceiving

4.Fatheradvisedmenottosayanythinguntil________atthemeeting.

A．askingB．toaskC．askedD．ask

5.—Haveyouwateredtheflowers?

—No,but_______.

A．IamB．I’mgoingC．I’mjustgoingtoD．Iwillgo

6.—Hehasn’tgonetotheofficeuptonow.

—Well,he_______.

A．shouldB．oughttoC．oughttogoD．oughttohave

7.—Thewarisverylikelytobreakoutinthenearfuture.

—I_____ifthesituationgoesasitis.

A．hopesoB．hopenotC．amafraidnotD．amafraidso

8.—Yououghttohavegiventhemsomeadvice.

—______,butwhocaredwhatIsaid?

A．SooughtyouB．SoIoughtC．SoIdidD．Sodidyou

9.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_______whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.

A．seeingB．havingseenC．toseeD．tohavesen

10.______hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.

A．WouldB．ShouldC．ShallD．If

11.—CanIseeyouat3:00pmnextMonday?

—I______.IwillhaveflowntoNewYorklongbeforethen.

A．amafraidnotB．amafraidsoC．amafraidtoD．amafraidnotto

12.—Isthatabookonfarming?Ifso,Iwanttoborrow_______.

—Yes,itis.

A．thisB．itC．oneD．theone

13._______,Iwillhelpyouwithyourwork.

A．IfIampossibleB．IfitpossibleC．IfpossibleD．Possible

14.—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?

—Oh,I’msorry.Thingsaren’tgoingsowellas______.

A．plansB．planningC．plannedD．toplan

15.—Areyouavolunteernow?

—No,butI_________.IworkedfortheCitySportsMeetinglastyear,

A．usedtoB．usedtobeC．usedtodoD．wasusedto

答案與解析：

1．A不定式作賓語補足語時，其后的內容常被省略，只保留不定式符號to。

2．A

3．BReceivingabeautifulnecklace后面省略了前文中的madethegirlsoglad。

4．C狀語從句中省略了Iwas。

5．C

6．D承前省略的不定式后有助動詞have時，不定式等號to后要保留have。

7．D

8．C

9．Casiftosee是asifhewasgoingtosee的活力說法。

10．B此處是對將來情況的假設。虛擬條件句的謂語部分有should,had或were時，可把if省去，而把should,had或were放在從句的主語之前，構成主謂部分倒裝。

11．A

12．B

13．CIfpossible是Ifitispossible的活力說法。

14．C

15．B

擴展閱讀

Unit4bigbusiness-grammar學案

Unit4AttitudestowardsOurElders-Listeningvocabularyand 

一名優(yōu)秀負責的教師就要對每一位學生盡職盡責，作為高中教師準備好教案是必不可少的一步。教案可以讓學生更好的消化課堂內容，使高中教師有一個簡單易懂的教學思路。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的高中教案要怎樣寫呢？下面是小編精心為您整理的“Unit4AttitudestowardsOurElders-Listeningvocabularyand ”，希望能為您提供更多的參考。

Unit4AttitudestowardsOurElders-Listeningvocabularyandspeaking教案

THEGENERALIDEAOFTHISSECTION

Thissectionaboutthelisteningoftwotopics:howtopassdownculture;theconversationabouttheQingmingfestival.ThiswillhelpustoknowmoreculturehesitatesandletSsknowhowculturepassesdownfromonegenerationtogeneration.

TEACHINGAIMS

TrainSslisteningability

Learnsomeusefulwordsandimportantexpressions

EncourageSstousemorewordswehavelearnedtodescribeattitudestowardstheelders.

TEACHINGIMPORTANTPOINTS

HelpSstounderstandheritagesandcustomsbetter.

LearnandmastersomeimportantwordsandphrasesandoralEnglishinthissection.

ImprovedtheSslisteningability.

TEACHINGDIFFICULTPOINTS

HowtohelpSsimprovetheirlisteningabilityandunderstandthelisteningpassagebetter.

Howtohelpthemgetandunderstandthespiritoftraditionalcustoms

TEACHINGMETHODS

Listen—and—answeractivitytohelptheSsgothroughthelisteningtext.

Individualpairworkorgroupworktopractisespeaking.

Discussionandtalkingtostudylisteningandspeaking

TEACHINGAIDS

Ataperecorder

Amultimedia

Ablackboard

TEACHINGPROCEDURES

SteplRevision

Tlastclass,welearnedsection1andlearneddifferentattitudestowardstheeldersinwesterncountries.Haveyourememberedwhatis“anursinghome”and“aseniors’lodge”meaning?

S1:Anursinghomemeansahospitalespeciallyforoldpeople;aseniorlodgemeansanapartmentforoldpeople.

TWhatincidentcausedMarytoworryabouthergrandmother?

S2Thathergrandmotherwillbesenttoanursingroom.

TWhatactivitiesdidMaryenjoydoingwithhergrandmother?

S3Bakingbuns,takingcareofthegardenandplayingcards

Step2Vocabulary

Next,wewilldothefirstpartoflistening.Beforelistening,let’sfirstlearnsomenewwords.

showthefollowingwordsontheblackboard:ancestor祖先;descendant子孫后代;discontinue中斷;populate組成；使人們居住;mode方式；模式；樣式；時尚;pursuit追尋;disperse疏散

ifnecessary,teachermaygivesomeexamplestopractisethem

Step3Listening

TThenpleaseturntopage41.Listentothepassageandfinishthemultiplechoices.

SUGGESTEDANSWERS:1c2a3b4c.

TNext,let’sgoonthesecondpart.ItisaconversationabouttheQingmingfestival.Afterthat,pleaseanswerthequestions.

SUGGESTEDANSWERS:

1BecauseJennywantstoinviteLiMingtoherdad’sbirthdaypartynextSaturday.

2WhenJennyasksLimingaboutwhathedoesduringQingming,thefirstthinghementionsisthathevisitthegravesofhisancestorsandcleansthem.Hesweepsthegraves,removesanyweedsthathavegrownbesidethegraves,andmakesanynecessaryrepairs.Lastyear,heremembersthattheyrepaintedhisgreat-grandmother’sgrave,becausethewritingwasstartingtofade.

3TheEnglishtranslationofthewordQingmingis“cleanandbright”

4English—speakingpeoplecalltheQingmingFestival“GraveSweepingDay”

5Jennyhasonlybeentoagraveyardonceinherlife.

6RemembranceDayisadaywhentorememberthesoldierswhodiedduringWorldWarIandWorldWarII.

Step4Speakingskills

TWelldone,afterclasslistentothetapemoreandmoreandyouwillimproveyourlisteningability.OneoftheeffectivewaytoimproveyourEnglishlisteningabilityisthatyou’dbetterlearnmoreusefuleverydayEnglish.Someoftheusefulexpressionsorimportantsentencesusuallyappearintheinformaldailytalking.Now,pleaselookatthefollowingconversationandmanagetosaywhatitmeans.

Talkingonthephoneinanotherlanguagemakesmanypeoplenervous.InEnglish,knowingafewcommonphrasescanmakethistaskmucheasier!Let’swatchhowLiMing,JennyandJenny’smomdoit.

Situation1:LiMingwantstotalktoJennybutsomeoneelseanswersthephone.

Jenysmother:Hello!

Liming:Hello,mayIpleasespeaktoJenny?

Jenny’smother:Yes,justonemoment.

Jenny:Hello?

Liming:HiJenny,it’sLiming.

Jenny:Ohhi,Liming,howareyou?

TNow,noticephoneconversationscomparetoconversationsinperson.HowdoJennyandLiminggreeteachotheroverthephone?HOWDOTHEYSAYGOODBYE?

Situation2LimingwantstotalktoJenny,andsheanswersthephone.

Lhello,isJennythere?

JYes,speaking.

LHiJenny,it’sLiming.

JOhhi,Liming,how’sitgoing?

Herearesomemorephrasesforyoutotry.

MAYIPLEASESPEAKTO_________?

COULDISPEAKTO_______________?

Yes,justonemoment

Yes,justaminute

Yes,justhangonasecond

IS________THERE?

I’DLIKETOSPEAKTO________.

__________,PLEASE.

Yes,speaking

Speaking

Yes,thisis____________.

TASKS:

1AskSsdiscussthemeaningofthesimplesentencesusedinthedailytalkinggrouptask

2Makethesimilarconversationaccordingtothesimilarsituations.grouptask

Step5Summaryandhomework

TInthissection,wedosomelisteningandsomeexercises,Trytoimproveyourlisteningabilityafterclassbylisteningtothetapemoreandmore.Studyhowtousetheoralexpressionsinyourdailyconversation,totalkthemandpractiseusingthemsuitablyandcorrectly.

Step5Thedesignofthewritingontheblackboard.

Section2MEANIGTHROUGHPRACTICE

IRevision

IIVocabulary

IIIListening

IVSpoken—English

MayIpleasespeakto______?

CouldIspeakto__________?

Is________there?

I’dliketospeakto__________.

____________,please.

Step6Recordafterteaching

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITIESANDRESEARCH

1Dosomeexercisesaboutthesectiontohaveaclearrevisionandpractisetheusingofthewords.

2Dividethelisteningintothreeparts:pre-listening,while-listening,post-listening,whichmakesthestudentsclearaboutwhattheywillbeaskedtodo?

3Individual,grouptaskineverydayEnglishtomakethestudentsthinkoverabouttheusageoftheexpressionsindifferentsituations.

高二英語Unit4Grammar:Inversion導學案

高二英語Unit4Grammar:Inversion導學案
Book5Unit4Grammar
倒裝(Inversion)

·學生能夠結合所給例句歸納出倒裝的基本結構,并能夠識別出英語倒裝句;
·學生能夠學習和掌握倒裝句的種類、基本結構及其用法。

·掌握并能正確區(qū)分部分倒裝和全部倒裝的用法；
·能夠熟練進行正常語序與倒裝語序間的轉換
課前導學
Task1:分析下列例句的結構，并找出倒裝規(guī)律。
1)Hereismysuggestion.
2)Notonlyshouldyouknowthemeaningsofthewords,butalsoyoucanlearnthembyheart.
3)OnlyifyoureviewyourEnglishnoteseverybodycanyouimproveyourEnglish.
*觀察比較這幾個句子，找出語序的不同。
IloveEnglish.
自然語序：主語+___________+______________.
句子1）的語序：謂語+______________.
句子2）和3）的語序：引起倒裝句的詞、短語或句子+_____________+__________+其他。

倒裝（Inversion）定義：在英語中，主語和謂語的正常語序通常是主語在_____，謂語在_____。如果把謂語動詞放在主語之_______，就叫倒裝結構。倒裝有兩種形式：若將_______放在主語之前，叫全部倒裝；若只把__________（如助動詞、be動詞或情態(tài)動詞）移到主語之前，則叫部分倒裝。
部分倒裝：______________________________
全部倒裝：______________________________
Task2:找出課文中的倒裝句，分析它們是部分倒裝還是全部倒裝并說出原句的自然語序。
a.NeverwillZhouYangforgethisfirstassignmentattheofficeofapopularEnglishnewspaper.
b.NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,butItoolanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.
c.Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquiretheinformationyouneedtoknow.
d.Herecomesmylistofdosanddon’ts.
課中探究
全部倒裝（FullInversion）
第一類Therebe句型
觀察一：試分析下列句子的結構。
1）Therearemanybeautifulgirlsandhandsomeboysinmyclass.
2）Long,longagotherelivedaKingwholovedhorsesverymuch.
3）Therestandtwowhitebuildingsbytheriver.

Therebe句型實際上是一個固定的___倒裝___句型，可以用在這類句型中的動詞除了be外，還可以用_____lie/exist/stand/live/seem_______等動詞代替。
活學活用：
1）________________(住著)anoldmaninthemountain.
2）________________(仍存在)someproblems.
3）________abeautifulpalace____thefootofthehill.
A.Therestand;at　B.Therestands;under
C.Standsthere;under　D.Therestands;at
第二類表地點、方向、時間的副詞引起的倒裝

觀察二：比較下面每組句子。
1.Theboywentaway.

Awaywenttheboy.

2.Thedogrushedout.

Outrushedthedog.

3.Thegirlcamein.

Incamethegirl.

4.Theoldladycomeshere.

Herecomestheoldlady.

5.Yourturncomesnow.
Nowcomesyourturn.
：表示方位、時間、地點的副詞__away_____out________up,down,off_____there_____then等位于句首時句子用______________.
觀察三：比較下面句子。

Herecomesthebus.

Hereyouare.

Herehecomes.

：當__代詞___作主語時，句子是正常語序，不需要倒裝。
活學活用：把下列句子改成倒裝句
1)Thecatjumpedup.=__________________________________.
2)Theplaneflewdown.=__________________________________.
第三類表示地點的介詞短語所引起的倒裝
觀察四：比較下面每組句子。
1.Alittleboystandsunderthetree.
Underthetreestandsalittleboy.
2.Alakeliesintheeastofthetown.
Eastofthetownliesalake.
3.Apicturehangsonthewall.
Onthewallhangsapicture.
：表示_____的副詞或介詞短語位于句首時句子用___________.
活學活用：
1)_____Southofthecitystands_____(城市的南部矗立著)asplendidbuilding.
2)____Betweenthetwobuildingsstands_____(兩棟大樓之間矗立著)atree.
部分倒裝（PartialInversion）
部分倒裝結構：只把___________、____________、__________放在主語之前。
第四類Only+狀語引起的倒裝

觀察五：比較下面每組句子。
1.OnlywhenyoulistentomeattentivelycanyouunderstandwhatIamsaying.
2.Onlythendidherealizehismistakes.
3.Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnmathwell.
：only+____狀語從句_______/____副詞______/____介詞短語_____放在句首時，句子用______部分倒裝________.
活學活用
Onlyinthisway__________progressinyourEnglish.
A.youmakeB.canyoumake
C.youbeabletomakeD.willyouabletomake

第五類否定詞或短語引起的倒裝

觀察六：比較下面每組句子。
1.Ididnotmakeasinglemistake.
NotasinglemistakedidImake.
2.Wehaveneverseensuchasightbefore.
Neverbeforehaveweseensuchasight.
3.Heseldomgoestoschoollate.
Seldomdoeshegotoschoollate.
：含有___否定_____意義的副詞或短語，如_never____,____seldom______,hardly,___few__,little,atnotime,notuntil,no,__not___,rarely等放在句首時，句子用__________________.
：
若原句中沒有助動詞，必須根據謂語動詞的具體時態(tài)來確定相應的助動詞do,does或did，如：1）和3）。
活學活用
1.Hecareslittleaboutwhatothersthink.
Little_____he_____aboutwhatothersthink.
2.Notasinglesong____atyesterday’sparty.
A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesing
3.Never_____suchawonderfulplaceasHangzhou.
A.arehangingB.hadIseenC.IhaveseenD.haveIseen
第六類并列句及復合句所引起的倒裝
觀察七：試觀察并分析下列句子。
1)NotonlyamIinterestedinphotography,but(also)Itookanamateurcourseatuniversitytoupdatemyskills.
2)Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhishomework.
3)Hardly/Scarcelyhadhegonetobedwhenhefellasleep.
4)Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.
:
1)notonly引起的句子使用_________結構，而butalso引起的句子___________.
2)Notuntil句型中，主句使用_________結構，從句__________.
3)Hardly/Scarcely…when及Nosooner…than句型中，前半句使用________結構，從句__________.
*這一規(guī)律可總結為___________________.即主從復合句中，主句倒裝，從句_____倒裝。
活學活用
1.Notonly__________notbeafraidofdifficulties,butalso________tryourbesttoovercomethem.
A.weshould,weshouldB.weshould,shouldwe
C.shouldwe,weshouldD.shouldwe,shouldwe
2.NotuntilIbegantowork_________realizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didn’tIB.didIC.Ididn’tD.I
3.Hardly_________theairportwhentheplanetookoff.
A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto
第七類As或Though引導讓步狀語從句時所引起的倒裝
觀察八：試觀察并分析下列句子。
1.Childasheis,heknowsalot.
2.Tryashewould,hecouldn’topenthedoor.
3.HardasIstudy,Icannotcatchupwithhim.
4.Boyashewas,hebehavedlikeagirl.
：_____引導的讓步狀語從句必須用倒裝結構，將_____、_____或_____提到as前面。其中，單數名詞置于句首時，冠詞a或an要___________.
活學活用
1.______,theboyknowsalotaboutcomputer.
A.ThoughisheyoungB.Asisheyoung
C.YoungasisheD.Youngasheis
第八類So+adj./adv.或Such+n.引起的倒裝
觀察九：比較下面每組句子。
1.Hespokesoloudlythatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.
Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.
2.Heissuchanoblepersonthatpeopleallrespecthim.
Suchanoblepersonishethatpeopleallrespecthim.
：在so/such…that結構中，若__________或___________置于句首，則主句使用________結構，從句________.
第九類虛擬語氣中的倒裝
觀察十：比較下面每組句子。
1.IfMarkhadinvitedme,Iwouldhavebeengladtocome.
HadMarkinvitedme,Iwouldhavebeengladtocome.
2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtrymybest.
WereIyou,Iwouldtrymybest.
：if引導的虛擬條件句中，謂語動詞中含有_____,_____,should時,
可以省去_____,把_____,_____,should提到主語前時。
第十類so,neither或nor引起的倒裝
觀察十一：比較下面每組句子。
HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.
Jackcannotanswerthequestion.Neither/NorcanI.
：用于_____,_____,_____開頭的句子,表示_____________的意思，此時要用________結構，且其謂語應與前句謂語的時態(tài)形式________.
特別提示：Johnwonthefirstprizeinthecontest.
—Sohedid.
第十一類表示“祝愿”時的倒裝
觀察十二：比較下面每組句子。
Mayyousucceed!
LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina
:在表示_____句子中用倒裝。

將下列句子改寫成倒裝句
1.Ididn’treceivethemanager’sreplyuntilnearlyamonthlater.
___________________________________________________________
2.Hecaredlittleabouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.
____________________________________________________________
3.Hehadhardlygotintotheroomwhenthetelephonerang.
____________________________________________________________
4.Shewassoabsorbedinherworkthatsheoftenforgottotakehermeals.
______________________________________________________________
5.Springcanbeconsideredhereonlywhenthousandsofflowersbloomtogether.
______________________________________________________________
6.Lighttravel’ssofastthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.
_________________________________________________________________
7.Theoldcouplehasbeenmarriedfor40yearsandtheyhaveneverquarreledwitheachother.
_________________________________________________________________
8.Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot.
__________________________________________________________________
9.Ifyouhadattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldhavemetthemanager.
_________________________________________________________________
10.Thecitywasnotonlypollutedbutthestreetswerecrowded.
_________________________________________________________________

Unit4 Earthquakes-Grammar教案

一名合格的教師要充分考慮學習的趣味性，作為教師就要好好準備好一份教案課件。教案可以讓學生能夠聽懂教師所講的內容，減輕教師們在教學時的教學壓力。所以你在寫教案時要注意些什么呢？以下是小編為大家精心整理的“Unit4 Earthquakes-Grammar教案”，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

Unit4Earthquakes-Grammar教案
1．Teachingobjectives
Learntousedirectspeechandindirectspeech
2.Teachingimportantpoint
SummarizetherulesofDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech.
3.Teachingdifficultpoint
Learnaboutthespecialcasesinwhichthetensesshouldn’tbechanged.
4.Teachingmethods
Discussing,summarizingandpracticing.
5.Teachingprocedures
Step1Leadin
T:Inthelastlesson,welearnedAnneFrank’sstory.Sheistellingherstoriestotwoofherfriends—youandTom.Tomhassomethingwrongwithhisears,soyouhavetorepeatAnne’ssentences,usingindirectspeech.SometimesyouexplainTom’ssentencestoAnne.
“Ihavetostayinthehidingplace.”saidAnne.→
Annesaidshehadtostayinthehidingplace.
“Doyoufeelsadwhenyouarenotabletogooutdoors?”TomaskedAnne.→
TomaskedAnneif/whethershefeltsadwhenshewasnotabletogooutdoors.
“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,”saidAnne.→
Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.
“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?”Tomasked.→
Tomaskedwhatshecalledherdiary.
Ssgoonthistopicbythemselves.

Step2Grammar
T:Nowlet’slookatthesesentencesagain.IfwewanttochangeDirectSpeechintoIndirectSpeech,whatshouldbechanged?
Ssdiscussbythemselves.
Ss:sentencestructures,tenses,pronouns,adverbialsoftimeandplaceandverbsshouldbechanged.
T:Quiteright.Lookattheformonthescreen.Thesearetherules.

直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
1.直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that引導。例如：
Shesaid,"Iamveryhappytohelpyou."→
Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.
2.直接引語是一般/選擇疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if引導。例如：
Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?"→
Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.
注意：大多數情況下，if和whether可以互換，但后有ornot,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：
Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.
3.直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應的疑問詞who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等引導。例如：
Mysisteraskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?"→
MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.
4.直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，并在動詞不定式前加tell,ask,order等的賓語。例如：
Thecaptainordered,"Bequiet."→
Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.
注意：此種情況的否定句，在動詞不定式前加not。
Myteacheraskedme,"Dontlaugh."→
Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.
5.一些注意事項
(1)間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如：
HeaskedLucy,"Wheredidyougo?"→
HeaskedLucywhereshewent.
Tomsaid,"Whatdoyouwant,Ann?"→
TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.
(2)直接引語是客觀事實、普遍真理等，變成間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。例如：
Theytoldtheirson,"Theearthgoesroundthesun."→
Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
(3)直接引語變間接引語時，指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。例如：
Hesaid,"Ihaventseenhertoday."→
Hesaidthathehadntseenherthatday.
注意：如果轉述時就在原來的地方，就在說話的當天，就不必改變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等。
DirectSpeechIndirectSpeech
Presentpast
Pastpastandpastperfect
Presentperfectpastperfect
Pastperfectpastperfect
Presentcontinuouspastcontinuous

Step3practice
T:TurntoPage5.Pleasechangethefollowingdirectspeechintoindirectspeechandindirectintodirect.
1.“I’mgoingtohidefromtheGermans,”Annesaid.
2.“Idon’tknowtheaddressofmynewhome,”saidAnne.
3.“Icannotaskmyfatherbecauseitisnotsafetoknow,”shesaid.
4.“Ihadtopackupmythingsveryquickly,”thegirlsaid.
5.“Whydidyouchooseyourdiaryandoldletters?”Dadaskedher.
6.Mumaskedherif/whethershewasveryhotwithsomanyclotheson.
7.Margotaskedherwhatelseshehadgot.
8.Anneaskedherfatherwhentheywouldgobackhome.
9.Anneaskedhersisterhowshecouldseeherfriends.
10.MotheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.

Step4Correctingmistakes
TanalysesthecommonmistakesSshavemadeduringthepractice.
T:Nowlet’slookatthescreenandpayattentiontothesesentences.Choosetherightsentenceandtellmewhytheotheroneiswrong.

Step5Agame
Playaguessinggame“whoismysecretfriend?”O(jiān)nestudentcomestothefrontwithhispartner.
Thereststudentsaskhimquestionswhilehispartnerchangesthemintoindirectspeech.Intheend,thepersonwhohasguessedtherightanswercancometothefronttotaketheplaceofthefirststudent.Sothegamegoeson.
Suggestedsentences:
Canyourfriendspeak?
Whatdoeshe/sheweartoday?
Ishe/shetallorshort?
Whatdoyouandyourfrienddoinyourfreetime?
Doyouquarrelwitheachother?...

Step6Homework
DoExercise1onPage42.HereisanotherpageofAnne’sdiary.Readitthroughandthenuseindirectspeechtoretellthestory.