小學(xué)語文微課教案
發(fā)表時(shí)間：2020-07-02Unit 2 Working the land Period 6 Assessment。
Period6AssessmentTheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriod
Thisperiodistohelpthestudentstoelevatetheiracquisitionaboutfarmingandtheirabilityofemployingtheexpressionsandgrammarlearnedinthisunit.?
TeachingImportantandDifficultPoints?
Helpthestudentslearntoassesswhethertheirknowledgeaboutthistopichasincreased.?
TeachingMethods?
Question-and-answeractivity?
Pairworkandgroupworktomakethestudentsworkinclass.?
TeachingandlearningAids?
Amultimedia?
Ablackboard?
ThreeDimensionalTeachingAims
KnowledgeandSkills?
Elevateefficientlythestudents’knowledgeaboutfarming.?
Elevatethestudentsabilityofusingtheexpressionsandgrammarlearned.?
ProcessandStrategies?
Checkupwhattheyhavelearnedinthismodulebyevaluationandtests.?
FeelingsandValue?
Throughthispartthestudentswillsurelyknowwhattheyhavemasteredandhaven’tmastered,andthusworkhardtoconsolidateit.?
TeachingProcedures
Step1Greetings?
T:Goodmorning,boysandgirls.?
Ss:Goodmorning,Miss/Mr...?
Step2Revision?
T:Sofarwehavefinishedthisunitwhichisabout...??
Ss:It’saboutastoryaboutDrYuanLongpingandapassageaboutorganicfarming.?
T:Inthisunitwealsolearntsomedrillsaboutgivingsuggestionsandadvice,doyoustillrememberthem??
Ss:Yes.?
Step3Assessment?
T:Todaywearegoingtoseehowhardyouworkedandhowmuchmoreyouknowaboutfarming.
非測試性評(píng)價(jià)?
Aquizaboutfarming.?
Tickthestatementsaccordingtowhatyoudoorthink.?
1.Icaneasilynametenkindsofagriculturalproduction.?
2.Ihavevisitedthecountrysideseveraltimes.?
3.Icanclearlytelltheadvantagesoforganicfarmingandthedisadvantagesofthechemicalfertilizer.?
4.Ithinkeveryoneshouldknowsomethingaboutfarmingandtheimportanceofthegreenfood.?
5.IbelievethefarminginChinawillbedevelopedbetterandbetter.??
測試性評(píng)價(jià)?
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫?
1.Hisoneofthebiggestproblemsindevelopingcountries.?
2.TheoofgrainhasdoubledinChinainthelasttenyears.?
3.Heenjoysplayingthevwhilehisbrotherlikessinging.?
4.Areyouswithyourexamresult??
5.Nfertilizersarebetterthanchemicalones.?
6.TheAmericanpeople(斗爭)togetindependencefromBritain.?
7.Hisskinisblackbecausehegot(日曬)inhisholiday.?
8.Middleschoolstudentsarenotallowedtodrive（摩托）.?
9.Chinaisrichin（礦產(chǎn)）resources.?
10.Itis（肯定）thattheweatheristurningwarm.?
Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換?
1.Idon’tlikeplayingfootball.ButIlikeplayingbasketball.?
I_________playingbasketball_________playingfootball.?
2.Itisnecessaryformetobuyanewbike.?
__________________isnecessary.?
3.Thenewbuildingis200metreshigh.Theoldbuildingwasonly50metreshigh.?
Thenewbuildingis__________________astheoldbuilding.?
4.Bobawokefromhisdreamwiththehopethathecancouldbuyanewcar.?
Bobawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeof__________________.?
5.Benwentclosertothepaintinginordertoseeitclearly.?
Benwentclosertothepainting__________________hecouldseeitclearly.?
Ⅲ.用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空?
1.Itwasuseless__________(study)forsuchanexamination.?
2.Ihate__________(look)atwhenIamdoinglessons.?
3.Heregretted__________(make)thedecisiontoohastily.?
4.Iforget__________(see)youthere.?
5.Hemeant__________(train)theboytobeagoodswimmer.?
6.Itwastimeforwork.Theystopped__________(play)cards.?
7.Thepatientinsistedon__________(operate)onevenifthereislittlehopeofsuccess.?
8.Heisdevotedto__________(set)upmoreschoolsforpoorchildren.?
9.Hewalkedquietly,afraidof__________(frighten)thesnake.?
10.IsawTom__________(lean)overthefire.?
Ⅳ.閱讀下面一段短文,用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。?
bornregardsearchfordevoteexpand
thankstoridsatisfiedwithwouldratherlead
Hewantseveryonetocallhimafarmer.Forthat’showhe___1___himself.___2___intoapoorfarmer’sfamilyin1931,DrYuangraduatedfromSouthWestAgriculturecollegein1953.Sincethen,hehas___3___hislifetofindingwaystogrowmoreandmorerice.DrYuan___4___awaytoincreasericeharvestswithout___5___theareaoffields.___6___hisresearch,theUNistryingto___7___theworldofhunger.YoumightguessthatDrYuan,whoisnowrichandfamous,is___8___hislife.However,hecaresaboutlittlespendingthemoneyonhimselfor___9___acomfortablelife.Indeed,hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmoneyhasmore,___10___fewtroubles.??
Ⅴ.單項(xiàng)選擇?
1.IknowBobisnotmuchofafootballplayer,butwhenit________tomaths,heisamongthetopthreeintheclass.?
A.refersB.goesC.comesD.concerns?
2.Iknowit’snotimportant,butIcan’thelp________aboutit.?
A.tothinkB.andthinkC.thinkingD.beingthought?
3.________severaltimestheyoungscientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperiments.?
A.HavingbeenfailedB.Havingfailed?
C.ThoughfailedD.Becauseoffailure?
4.Youcan’timagine________greattroublewehavetaken________enoughfoodandwatertothosesufferingtheterribledisease.?
A.what;toprovideB.so;tosupply?
C.how;togiveD.what;tosupplying?
5.Whathesaidsuggestedthemurdererreferredto________atonce.?
A.beingshotB.beshotC.wasshotD.beshotat?
6.—Whatdidyoumeanbysayingthat??
—Imeannoharm.Ionly________.?
A.meanhelpingB.wanttohelp?
C.meanttohelpD.wanthelping?
7.TomwantedhisTV________,buthiswifewouldratherhaveit________off.?
A.fixed;thrownB.tobefixed;bethrown?
C.fixed;throwingD.tobefixed;throwing?
8.Thetheorymanyscientistshavestuckto________correct.?
A.proveB.proving?
C.beingprovedD.proves?
9.—It’sgettingcolderandcolder,andIhavetobuysomeclothes.?
—They’ve________thepricesintheshop,soit’sagoodtimetobuy.?
A.increasedB.reducedC.raisedD.down?
10.________thenewsofhisfather’sdeath,heburstintotears.?
AAfterhearingB.OnhearingC.HavingheardD.Heard?
11.Mostoftheartists________tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.?
A.invitedB.toinvitedC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited?
12.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,________alongspeechforthepresident.?
A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing?
13.Aftermovingintothetown,mywifedidsomewashingfortherichsothatwehadjustenoughto________ourexpenses.?
A.supportB.satisfyC.coverD.serve?
14.Theprojectwill________thecity’stelephonenetworktocover1000000users.?
A.makeB.broadenC.expandD.widen?
15.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands________behindhisback.?
A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied?
16.________areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.?
A.NotreceivingB.Receivingnot?
C.NothavingreceivingD.Havingnotreceived?
17.________isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.?
A.ThewalkB.Walking?
C.TowalkD.Walk?
18.Weagreedtoaccept________theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.?
A.whateverB.whomeverC.whicheverD.whoever?
19.________thenewpolicy,wearenowhavingahappylife.?
A.ThankstoB.BecauseC.ForD.Thanksfor?
20.Itis________thathewillattendthisparty.?
A.certainB.sureC.uncertainD.surly?
21.—DoyoumindifIopenthewindow??
—________Ifeelabitcold.?
A.Ofcoursenot.B.I’dratheryoudidn’t.?
C.Goahead.D.Whynot??
22.Whatahardlifethey________!Youshouldhavehelpedhim.?
A.hadB.ledC.playedD.made?
23.Thenewsofenemy’sdefeatquickly________roundthetown.?
A.toldB.saidC.circulatedD.spreaded?
24.“Can’tyouread?”Lilysaid________tothenotice.?
A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrily?
C.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing?
25.CharlesBablackboardageisgenerallyconsidered________thefirstcomputer.?
A.toinventB.inventing?
C.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented?
26.Ratherthan________onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers________abicycle.?
A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding?
27.Ifyou’re________aboutanything,phonemyoffice.?
A.confusedB.confusingC.wonderD.wondering?
28.Afterhewasknockeddownbyabike,hewasbadlyhurtandhadto________tohisfeet.?
A.standB.struggleC.runD.sit?
29.—Imustapologizefor________aheadoftime.?
—That’sallright.?
A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknow?
C.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow?
30.Weagreed________herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.?
A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet
Keys:?
Ⅰ.1.Hunger2.output3.violin4.satisfied5.Natural
6.struggled7.sunburnt8.motorcycles9.mineral10.certain?
Ⅱ.1.prefer;to2.Buyinganewbikeforme3.fourtimesashigh4.buyinganewcar5.sothat/inorderthat?
Ⅲ.1.studying2.beinglooked3.making4.seeing5.totrain6.playing7.beingoperated8.setting9.frightening10.leaning?
Ⅳ.1.regards2.Born3.devoted4.searchedfor5.expanding
6.Thanksto7.rid8.satisfiedwith9.leading10.ratherthan?
Ⅴ.1.Ccometo談到,說到。例如:Whenitcomestotennis,youcan’tbeather.說到打網(wǎng)球,你是贏不了她的。?
2.Ccan’thelpdoingsth.意為“忍不住,禁不住做某事”。該句的含義為“我知道這并不重要,但我忍不住總?cè)ハ胨薄?
3.B該句的含義是“失敗了好幾次之后,這個(gè)年輕的科學(xué)家仍然繼續(xù)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)”。fail一詞與該句的主語theyoungscientist邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系,所以fail應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式;又因?yàn)閒ail這一動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞keeponmakinghisexperiments動(dòng)作之前,所以還要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。
4.B句意為:你無法想像我們費(fèi)了多大的勁向遭受嚴(yán)重疾病的人們提供足夠的食物和水。Wehavetaken是定語從句修飾先行詞trouble,構(gòu)成takegreattroubletodosth.。提供某人某物用providesth.forsb.或supplysth.tosb.。?
5.Bwhathesaid在句中作主語,suggested是謂語動(dòng)詞,表示“建議”,在后面的賓語從句中,referredto作murderer的定語,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣。?
6.C該題問句中的mean表示“意思是……,含……意思”,后面要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,答句中的mean表示“意欲,意指,企圖”,后面要接不定式。該句的含義是“你那么說什么意思?”“我沒有什么惡意,我只是想幫忙”。?
7.A該題第一個(gè)空既可以用fixed,也可以用tobefixed;使意動(dòng)詞have在高中英語中的作用與考查的頻率相當(dāng)高,在“have+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語補(bǔ)足語既可以用do,也可以由doing,done來充當(dāng),要根據(jù)上下文靈活應(yīng)用。在該句中因?yàn)閕t(代替前句的TV)與throw之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞throw作賓補(bǔ)。?
8.D這句話的主語是thetheory,proves作謂語動(dòng)詞。?
9.B句意為:商店已經(jīng)降低了,商品的價(jià)格看來現(xiàn)在是買東西的時(shí)候。?
10.BOnhearingthenewsofhisfather’sdeath...意為Assoonasheheardthenewsofthisfather’sdeath...。該題也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式hearing作狀語,但不可以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(C項(xiàng)),因?yàn)椤八蝗豢蘖恕边@一動(dòng)作與“聽到爸爸去世”這一動(dòng)作幾乎是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。?
11.A句中的Mostoftheartists與invite之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,而且表示的是完成的動(dòng)作,所以答案應(yīng)選擇A。句子的意思是:“應(yīng)邀參加晚會(huì)的大多數(shù)藝術(shù)家均來自于南非?！边^去分詞invited在句中作定語,其作用相當(dāng)于MostoftheartiststhatwereinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.?
12.B用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。A項(xiàng)不定式,可以作目的狀語,但目的狀語前不用逗號(hào)。C、D屬語法錯(cuò)誤。?
13.B本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)語境,此處用satisfy表示“滿足消費(fèi)需要”。?
14.C本題考查動(dòng)詞辨析。expand表示“展開;在尺寸、體積或范圍等方面變大”。?
15.D在with結(jié)構(gòu)中,hands與tie之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故排除B項(xiàng)。tied不僅表示被動(dòng),還表示動(dòng)作已完成,故排除A、C項(xiàng)。?
16.Creceive與主句的主語he之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞,但主句中的again又暗示,分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前,因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。not必須置于分詞之前。此句可理解為As／Sincehehadn’treceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.?
17.B動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性、不具體的動(dòng)作。而不定式作主語則表示一次性、特指、未來、具體的動(dòng)作。原題中的agoodform暗示,這個(gè)動(dòng)作是泛指的、經(jīng)常性的。?
18.D本題考查連詞的使用。根據(jù)對(duì)句子成分的分析,本句缺少引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞,同時(shí)在賓語從句中作主語,表示人的連詞,應(yīng)選擇whoever。?
19.AB、C兩項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)從句,且for常不能位于句首,無D項(xiàng)表達(dá)法。?
20.A本題主要辨析certain與sure。句意為:他肯定參加這次晚會(huì)。becertainof/about＝besureof/about,但是在itiscertainthat...句型中不可以用sure代替certain。?
21.B本題考查口語情景問答。從后面的意思分析,此處應(yīng)該表示“不同意”,也就是“介意”,所以使用B項(xiàng),表示委婉的拒絕。?
22.B“they+空白處”作后置定語,修飾life,lead(led)ahardlife“過著艱苦的生活”。?
23.C句意為:敵人戰(zhàn)敗的消息很快傳遍整個(gè)鎮(zhèn)。circulate循環(huán),流傳。spread過去時(shí)態(tài)是spread。?
24.A“生氣地”是用來說明說話時(shí)的表情,應(yīng)放在被修飾詞said的后面,選擇A或C;“指著”這一動(dòng)作的邏輯主語是Lily,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。全句意思是:“你不會(huì)看嗎?”莉莉指著布告生氣地說。?
25.Cconsidersb.todosth.。“認(rèn)為某人做某事”這是一慣用法,且原題中的thefirstcomputer這一信息詞語暗示,invent這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在consider之前,因此用不定式的完成式,這句話可理解為PeoplegenerallyconsiderCharlesBablackboardagetohaveinventedthefirstcomputer.原題是該句的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。?
26.Cprefer后可接不定式,也可接動(dòng)名詞,接動(dòng)詞不定式通常與ratherthan連用,表示否定。其正常語序是:Healwayspreferstorideabicycleratherthanrideonacrowdedbus.該句還可以這樣表達(dá):Healwaysprefersridingabicycletoridingonacrowdedbus.即prefer后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí),常與介詞to連用,表示否定,意為:“喜歡做……而不喜歡做……”。?
27.A句意為:如果你對(duì)任何問題有疑問,打我辦公室的電話。?
28.Bstruggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來。?
29.Bletting是介詞for的賓語,且否定詞not置于動(dòng)名詞之前。?
30.C動(dòng)詞agree只接不定式作賓語,不可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,所以答案要在C和D中選擇。不定式一般式tomeet表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在agree之后或與agree同時(shí)發(fā)生,而完成式tohavemet則表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在agree之前,與題意不符。題意是:“我們約定在這兒見面,但她到現(xiàn)在還沒來”。?
TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit2Workingtheland
Period6Assessment
1.Nametenkindsofagriculturalproduction.?
2.Telltheadvantagesoforganicfarmingandthedisadvantagesofthechemicalfertilizer.?
RecordafterTeaching?
ActivitiesandResearch
Thestudentsmayfindmoretoconsolidatetheirknowledgeinthisunit.Andtheymayalsofindsometopicsaboutagriculturetodiscuss.?
ReferenceforTeaching?
高考鏈接?
1.(2006北京高考,35)Ican’tstand__________withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestalkingwhilesheworks.?
A.working;stoppingB.towork;stopping?
C.working;tostopD.towork;tostop?
賞析:選C。stand意為“忍受”,后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語,表示忍受做某事。refuse意為“拒絕”,后接不定式作賓語,表示拒絕做某事。?
2.(2006上海高考,31)Eugene’sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__________withhim.?
A.toargueB.arguing?
C.arguedD.havingargued?
賞析:選B。It’snouse后接-ing形式。It是形式主語,動(dòng)詞-ing形式作真正的主語,表示“做某事沒有用處”。?
3.(2006湖南高考,21)Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket________thedesert.?
A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover
賞析:選A。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語表示主動(dòng)意義,即表示blanket是cover的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者。說明野花就像橘黃色的柔軟的地毯覆蓋在沙漠上。?
4.(2006重慶高考,26)Isn’tittimeyougotdownto________thepapers??
A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking?
賞析:選D。getdownto意為“開始,著手”,to是介詞,后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。表示“難道沒有到你開始批改論文的時(shí)間嗎？”?
5.(2006陜西高考,13)Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.
A.toacceptB.acceptC.acceptingD.accepted?
賞析:選C。imagine后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語,表示“想像,設(shè)想;猜想,推測”。hisaccepting是動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。?
6.(2005上海春季高考,33)Accustomedto________thesteepmountains,hehadnodifficultyreachingthetop.?
A.climbingB.climbC.havingclimbedD.haveclimbed
賞析:選A。accustomedto表示“習(xí)慣于（某事）”,to是介詞,后接“動(dòng)詞-ing形式”作賓語。
7.(2004福建高考)Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________theexam.
A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing?
賞析:選D。此題考查動(dòng)詞have的用法。have后可接賓語再接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示“遇到”。本題意為“他生病在床將近兩個(gè)月,要通過考試很困難”。由句意可知,此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。故選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。?
8.(2004全國高考)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound________inthekitchen.?
A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked?
賞析:選B。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語補(bǔ)足語的用法。本題中的smoke是he發(fā)出的動(dòng)作,所以應(yīng)該用主動(dòng)語態(tài),故此空應(yīng)填smoking。故選項(xiàng)B正確。?
9.(2004江蘇高考)Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.
A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding?
賞析:選C。此題考查固定詞組的用法。insistondoingsth.為固定用法,意為“堅(jiān)持干某事”,故正確答案為C。?
10.（經(jīng)典例題）________tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.?
A.ExposedB.Havingexposed?
C.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed?
賞析:選C。從句意可看出,需選一詞作主語,且expose與one’sskin構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。故應(yīng)選用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。?
11.(2004上海春季高考)________themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.
A.ThepresidentwillattendB.Thepresidenttoattend?
C.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending?
賞析:選D。本題考查的是非謂語動(dòng)詞。句子缺少的成分是主語,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有D符合。故選項(xiàng)D正確。?
12.（經(jīng)典例題）Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand________them.?
A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrect?
賞析:選B。本題考查的是動(dòng)名詞形式。根據(jù)文中的并列連詞and可知,and前后連接相同的成分,所以此空應(yīng)填correcting。故選項(xiàng)B正確。?
13.（經(jīng)典例題）—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?
—Thekey________theproblemistomeetthedemand________bythecustomers.?
A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;made?
C.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;made?
賞析:選B。thekeyto...意為“……的關(guān)鍵”,to為介詞;而且demand與make構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。14.(2004上海高考)AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek________TV.
A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch?
賞析:選C。spend...doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事。?
相關(guān)推薦
Unit 2 Working the land The First Period Reading 教案
Unit2Workingtheland
TheFirstPeriodReading
Teachinggoals
EnableSstolearnmoreaboutagriculture,countrysideandfarming.
HelpSslearnhowtodescribeDrYuanLongpingincludinghispersonality.
Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints
a.Helptocomprehendthetextandgraspthemainideaofthetext.
b.Grasptheusageofsomewordsandexpressions.
c.Howtohelpstudentslearnmoreaboutagriculture.
Teachingmethods
Talking,questioning-and-answeringactivityandreading.
Teachingaids
Ataperecorder,aprojectorandacomputer.
StepⅠGreetingandleadingin
T:Hello,everyone.
Ss:Hello,teacher.
T:Inlastunitwelearntsomegreatwomen.Todaywe’lllearnafamousman.Whowillitbe?Atfirstlet’slookatthetwopicturesonPage9.Whatarethepeopledoing?
Ss:Theyareplantingrice.
T:Canyoutellmesomethingaboutrice?
S:Ricegrowsinthesouth.
S:Butinsomeplaceofthenorthwecanalsofindrice.
T:Yeah.Youareright.Infactriceisacerealgrainthathasbeengrownforatleast5,000yearsandiseatenby2.4billionpeopleeverydaythroughouttheworld.InAustralia,farmershavehadtostrugglewiththeirharshenvironmenttogrowrice.
Ss:Really?
StepⅡWarmingup
T:Haveyouevergrownanyplants?Ifso,whatdidyoudotogrowthem?Ifnot,whatkindofplantwouldyouliketogrow?Howwillyougrowit?
S:Ihaveevergrowncornandpotatoes.Inautumn,myfatherandIploughedthesoildeepforthefirsttime,theninthenextspring,weploughedthesoilforasecondtime,thistimeIputthecornseedsintothetunnelfollowingmyfather.Finallymyfathercoveredthecornseedsbyploughingagain.
T:Verywell.Haveyoueverbeentothecountryside?Whatdidyoudothere?
S:Yes,Iwenttheretoseemygrandfather.InthevillageIplayedwithotherboysinthelittlestreamandcaughtlittlefish.Ievenhelpedmygrandfathergetinthecornbycuttingthecornstems,whichmademetired.
T:Areyoufromafarmer’sfamily?Whatdoyouknowaboutfarming?
S:Yes,myfatherisafarmer.Inmyview,farmingishardwork.Peoplehavetoplantcrops,smoothawayweedsandgetinthecropsattherighttime.Theyhavetogetupearlytoworkinthefieldsoastoprotectthemselvesfromthesunshine.
T:That’sright.Inthenorth,thebiggestworrythatfarmershaveisthedrought.Whenitdoesn’train,andtheycan’tirrigatethecrops,thecropswilldieandtheywillhavenothingafterhardworking.
StepⅢPre-reading
1.Whataretheseriousproblemstheworldfacestoday?
Environment
Population
Naturalresources
Wars
Poverty
Hunger…
Morethan800millionpeoplegotobed
hungryeveryday.-theWorldHealth
Organization(WHO)
Onebillionpeopleintheworldsufferfrom
hungerandmalnutrition.
About24,000peopledieeverydayfrom
hungerorhunger-relatedcauses.Three-
fourthsofthedeathsarechildrenunderthe
ageoffive.-//
2.Whatcanwedotosolveworldhunger?
?Controlthepopulation
?Openmoreareasforgrowing
?Increasetheoutputofcrops
StepⅣFastReading
1Whatisthemainideaofeachpara?
Para1Hisdreams
Para2Hispersonality
Para3Howhethinksofhimselfandhisachievement
para4Hisbiography
(4,3,1,2)
2ListentothetapeandcompletethefollowingnotesaboutYuanLongping.
Name:______________________Nationality:____________________
Age:_______________________Occupation:____________________
Education:__________________________________________________
Dream:____________________________________________________
Achievement:_______________________________________________
Hobbies:___________________________________________________
Answers:
YuanLongpingChinese77scientist/farmergraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953toexporthishybridricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobein1974,developedhybridrice,whichproduces1/3morethannormalricelisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading
StepVPleasereadthetextagainandanswerthesequestions.
1Whatisspecialabouthisrice?(makeitpossibletodo…)
Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.
2Whatishiscontributiontotheworld?(thanksto…/rid…of…)
Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.
3Whatishisattitudetolife?(besatisfiedwith…/careabout…)
DrYuanissatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.
StepVIHomework
FinishingtheexercisesinLearningaboutLanguage.Exercise1,2and3areaboutusefulwordsandexpressions.Finishthem.Nexttimewe’llchecktheanswers.Ok,classisover.Seeyounexttime.
Period2
Languagepoints
Herearesomeexplanationsabouttheboldfacewordsinourtext.
一vocaburary
1.strugglevtomakegreatefforts
e.g.Theyhavestruggledforyearstofreetheircountryfromtheenemy.
stuggletodosth掙扎做某事
他努力控制住自己的脾氣。He_________controlhistemper.
I’mstrugglingtofinishthehugetheworkyougaveme.
2.sunburntadjsun-tanned
e.g.Hissunburntskinlookshealthy.
3.superadj(infml)excellent;splendid
e.g.You’lllikeher,she’ssuper.
Youlooksuperinyournewclothes.
Itwassuperofyoutohelp.
4.expandv
(causesthto)becomegreaterinsize,numberorimportance
e.g.Metalsexpandwhentheyareheated.
Whynottrytoexpandyourstoryintoanovel?
6.equipv
supplysb/sth(withwhatisneeded,foraparticularpurpose)
equipsbwithsth用……裝備equipsbforsth為……裝備
beequippedwith裝備有
你的訓(xùn)練使得你能夠勝任將來的工作。
Yourtrainingwillequipeyouforyourfuturejob.
Translate:
Theworkerequippedthebikewithaheadlight.
那個(gè)工人給自行車裝了一個(gè)前燈。
7.exportv
send(goods)toanothercountryforsale
e.g.Indiaexportsteaandcottontomanydifferentcountries.
Thiscompanyhasalargehomemarketbutdoesn’texport.
8regret
后面常跟動(dòng)詞的ing形式，只有在對(duì)將談到的事情表示遺憾時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的不定式。
Regretdoingsth__________________regrettodosth______________________
她為自己發(fā)了脾氣而深感后悔。Shedeeply___________hertemper.
Translate:
Weregrettoinformyouthatyourpassportapplicationhasbeenrefused.
9.rid...ofmakesb/sthfreefrom(sb/sthunpleasant)
e.g.Weallwishthatwewouldridtheworldoffamine.
Thefarmerrecentlytriedtoridthehouseofrats.
10.lead...alife,live...alife
e.g.Nowweareleadingahappylife.
Intheolddaysfarmersledaterriblelifeinthecountry.
11.besatisfiedwith,becontentwith
e.g.Theyoungladyisn’tsatisfiedwiththepeacefullife.
Areyousatisfiedwithhisanswers?
12.wouldrather,preferto
wouldratherdosth
e.g.I’dratherwalkthantakeabus.
I’dratheryouknewthatnow,thanafterwards.
他寧愿到農(nóng)村去工作。He____________workinthecountryside.
Translate:
Iwouldratheryouhadgonethere,too.__________________________
I’dratheryoucametextweekend.___________________________________
Summary:
Wouldrather+從句，常用虛擬語氣。如表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或?qū)淼脑竿喾矗^語一般用__________時(shí)態(tài)；如表示的與過去的事實(shí)相反，從句中應(yīng)用_________________時(shí)態(tài)。
二Somedifficultsentences
1.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.的確，他那被太陽曬得黝黑的臉龐和手背，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身體，就跟其他成千上萬的中國的農(nóng)民一樣，過去50年來，他一直在努力幫助他們。
Forwhom…為______+引導(dǎo)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)的定語從句，注意，struggle后面的for的干擾，forthepastfivedecades是“過去50年來”Translate:
Themanwithwhomyoutalkedisourmanager._______________________________________
Theylivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.
___________________________________________________.
2.Dr.YuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsupperhybridrice.
袁隆平博士培植出了超級(jí)雜交水稻。Whatiscalledsuperhybridrice是由what引導(dǎo)的______從句，在整個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)______的_____語，。此外，此結(jié)構(gòu)還可以作_____或_____.
如：請(qǐng)相信我的話。___________________________
他所說的話全是真實(shí)的。_______________________________.
3.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturepioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.1974年他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。
本句理解的難點(diǎn)是動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)togrowricethathasahighoutput作_________,修飾先行詞________,注意：前面的序數(shù)詞first一起了一定的作用，因?yàn)橄刃性~前有__________,后面一般用動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)作定語。類似的還有thesecond,thelast,theonly等。翻譯：
昨天晚上，約翰最后一個(gè)離開教室。______________________________________________.
4.Thespecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone–thiremoreofthecropinthesamefields.這些特殊的水稻使得同樣的田地多收獲三分之一的產(chǎn)量。
Makeit…todosth意思是____________________.it在句中作_________,真正的賓語是_________________________________.翻譯：
好天氣使我們下周的旅行成為可能。_____________________________________________.
Answers:1.介詞你剛才給他說話的那個(gè)人是我們的經(jīng)理。他們住在一個(gè)大房子里，房子前面有一顆大樹。名詞grow的賓語主語表語PleasebelievewhatIsaid.Whathesaidistrue.3.定語pioneer序數(shù)詞Johnwasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomyesterday.4.使……成為賓語toproduceone–thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Goodweathermakesitpossibletomakeourtripnextweek.
高考鏈接
1.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_____foranotherhour.(2002,上海)
A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting
2.Victorapologizedfor______toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004,上海)
A.hisbeingableB.himnottobeable
C.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable
3.Themaninsisted____ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.
A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding(2004江蘇)
4.AccordingtoarecentUSsursey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek____TV.
A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch(2004上海)
5.Hegowell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk____thegoodopportunity.
A.toloseB.losingC,tobelostD.beinglost(2005上海)
6.Progresssofarhasbeenverygood.___,wearesurethattheprojectwillbecompletedontime.
A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides(2006浙江)
7.Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas_____thatoftheirs.(2008陜西)
A.astwicelargeasB.twiceaslargeas
C.twiceasmuchasD.astwicemuchas
8.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom____theirparentsspeakathome.(2008浙江)
A.whatB.thatCwhichDone
9.-Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?
________,I’llvisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.(2008安微)
A.IfeverB.IfbusyC.IfanythingD.Ifpossible
10.Thechairmanthought_____necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.him
AnswersBCCCBCBBDB
PERIOD3
OrganicFarming
Teachingaims
Toimprovethestudents’readingability---tofindtheexplanationforthewordsorexpressionstheydonotknowinthereadingpassage.
Teachingaids
Multi-media
Teachingprocedures
Step1:Leadin
Whatisthesubstanceweputonthesoiltomakecropsgrow?
Itisfertilizer.
Howmanykindsoffertilizersdofarmersuse?
Therearetwokinds.Theyarechemicalfertilizersandnaturalones.
Whichkinddofarmersusewhentheyaredoingorganicfarming?
Doyouknowaboutorganicfarming?Todaywe’regoingtoreadapassagewiththetitleOrganicFarming.
Step2:Scanning
Readthefirstparagraphandfindout
1whatorganicfarmingis.
Organicfarmingmeansgrowingcropswithoutchemicalfertilizers.
Step3:Intensivereading
1HowcanOrganicfarmersmaketheirsoilfertile?
Organicfarmersusenaturalwastefromanimalsinsteadofchemicalfertilizers.
2Butwhydon’ttheyusechemicalfertilizers?
Becauseusingchemicalfertilizerscausesproblems.
Readthesecondparagraphandanswer-----
3Howmanyproblemsarecausedbyusingchemicalfertilizers?
Three.Theyareasfollows.
Firstly,chemicalfertilizersaffectthesoilandthewatersupplybadly.
Secondly,theyallowfarmerstogrowthesamecropyearafteryearandexhausttheoil.
Thirdly,theykillbothhelpfulandharmfulpests.
Readthewholepassageagainandfillinthetable.
Advantagesoforganicfarming
Reasons
1.Farmersusenaturalwastefromanimals.Thismakesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.
2.Thesoilisnotexhausted.Peasandsoybeansrenewthemineralsinthesoil.Thesoilbecomesrichandhealthy.
3.Theyusethesoiltobestadvantage.
Theyplantcropsthatneedsurfacesoilandnextcropsthatgrowatadeeperlevel.Sothewindandwaterdoesnotcarryawaythesoil.Alltherichnessofthesoilisused.
Step4:Discussion
Findoutwhattypeofwritingthepassageis.Discusshowtoreadandwritethiskindofpassage.
Step5:Homework
Readthetextandtranslatethefollowingphrases:
aswellas____________foralongtime________________
buildup______________leadto_______________
turnto_________________focuson______________
keep（prevent）…from_______________
Answers:
也好長時(shí)間逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)導(dǎo)致；造成求助于集中（注意力，精力等）于阻止
PERIOD4don’treadinthemovingbusorinbed.”Doingeye-exerciseswillhelpyoukeepgoodeyesight.
Ifyoufailtokeeptheserules,youwillbecome
short-sightedsoonerorlater.
Unit 2 Working the land Period3 ExtensiveReading
Period3ExtensiveReading
TheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriod
Thisperiodisaboutthereadingofthepassages:Organicfarming.Itcanhelpthestudentslearnsomethingmoreaboutthemodernagriculture.?
TeachingImportantPoints?
Helpthestudentstounderstandthepassagesandrealizetheimportanceoforganicfarming.
TeachingDifficulties?
Howtoimprovethestudents’readingability.?
Howtohelpthestudentsunderstandtheadvantagesoforganicfarming.?
TeachingMethods?
Asking-and-answeringactivitytocheckthestudents’understandingofthetext;individual,pairorgroupworktofinisheachtask.?
TeachingAids?
Ataperecorder?
Amulti-mediacomputerandablackboard?
ThreeDimensionalTeachingAims
KnowledgeandSkills?
Trainthestudents’readingability.?
Learnsomeusefulwordsanddrill.?
Enablethestudentstoknowthedifferencesbetweenorganicfarmingandchemicalfarming.?
ProcessandStrategies?
Pairworktotalkabouttheadvantagesoforganicfarming.?
Individualworktofinisheachtask.?
FeelingsandValue?
Throughthereadingofthispassagethestudentsmayhaveabetterunderstandingoftheadvantagesoforganicfarming.Itisimportantaspeoplearemoreandmoreconcernedaboutthequalityofthefoodweeat.?
TeachingProcedures?
Step1Warmingup?
1.Greetings?
2.Checktheanswersoftheexercisesaboutthe-ingformasthesubjectandobject.
Step2Readingforstructure?
T:IntheReadingpartwelearntsomethingaboutplantingrice,butdoyouknowwhatisthebestwaytoplantrice??
Ss:...?
T:Todaywe’lllearnapassageaboutorganicfarming.Nowpleasereadthetextandtrytofindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.I’llgiveyoufiveminutes.?
(fiveminuteslater)?
T:WhowouldliketotellmethemainideaofParagraphOne??
S:It’s“Whatis‘organicfarming’?”?
T:That’sright.HowaboutParagraphTwo??
S:Themainideais“Thefertilizerthatorganicfarmerspreferisnaturalwastefromanimals”.?
T:Thankyouforyourgoodanswers.Let’scometothenextparagraph.?
S:Themainideaforthelastparagraphis“Organicfarmerschangecropseverytwoorthreeyears”.?
T:Everyonehasdoneagoodjob,Ihopeeveryonegotalltheanswersbyyourself.
Step3Readingfordetails?
T:Nowpleasereadthepassageagain,andtrytofindalltheanswersforthefollowingquestions:?
1.Whatisorganicfarming??
2.Whatproblemsarecausedbyusingchemicalfertilizers??
3.Whydoorganicfarmersgrowpeasorsoybeansaftercornorwheat??
T:Finish?Anyonegetstheanswerforthequestions??
Suggestedanswers:?
1.Organicfarmingmeansgrowingcropswithoutchemicalfertilizers.?
2.Therearethreeproblems.First,chemicalfertilizersaffectthesoilandthewatersupplybadly.Second,theyallowfarmerstogrowthesamecropyearafteryearandexhaustthesoil.Third,theykillbothhelpfulandharmfulpests.?
3.Farmersgrowpeasorsoybeansaftercornorwheatsothatpeasandbeanscanputmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitrichandhealthyandreadytogrowmorewheatorcorn.
Step4ExtensiveReading?
T:Pleasereadthetextforthethirdtime,thenfillinthefollowingtable.?
(Fiveminuteslatertheteacherchecktheanswersonebyone.)?
AdvantagesoforganicfarmingReason
1.Farmersusenaturalwastefromanimals.1.Thismakesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.
2.Thesoilisnotexhausted.2.Peasandsoybeansrenewthemineralsinthesoilanditbecomesrichandhealthy.
3.Theyusethesoiltobestadvantage.3.Theyplantcropsthatneedsurfacesoilandnextcropsthatgrowatadeeperlevel.Sothewindandwaterdoesn’tcarryawaythesoil.Alltherichnessofthesoilisused.
Step5Retelling?
T:Nowpleaseretellthetextaccordingtothefollowingchart,youcandiscussingroups.Organicfarming?
1.Cropsgrowingwithnaturalfertilizers.?
2.Farmersprefernaturalwastefromanimals.?
①make...richerandmorefertile①leaving...isnotgood?
②reduce...andhelp...strong②grow...yearafteryear?
③thefertilizerskill...andhealthy?
④keepfree...fromchemicals?
(Threeminuteslater,theteacherasksomestudentstohaveatry)
Step6Languagepoints?
Teacherexplainstheimportantwordsandexpressionsfromthereading.Trytouseasmanyexamplesaspossibletoillustratethepoint.Afterillustration,teachercangivestudentssomeexercisetoconsolidatetheirunderstanding.?
Step7SummaryandHomework?
T:Todaywelearnedapassageaboutorganicfarming.Ifyouareinterestedinit,youmayfindmoreinformationaboutitontheInternetafterclass.What’smore,youshouldfinishyourworkbookexercises.Somuchfortoday!?
TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit3Workingtheland
Period3Extensivereading
1.reducev.makesth.smallerinsize,number,degree,price,etc.?
e.g.Thecompanytriestoincreaseprofitsbyreducingcosts.?
Wehavereducedexpensesthisyear.?
2.supplyv.givesb.sth.thatisneededoruseful?
e.g.HekeptmewellsuppliedwithcupsofcoffeewhileIwrotethereport.?
Theshopwasunabletosupplywhatshewanted.?
3.refertov.mentionorspeakofsb./sth.?
e.g.WhenIsaidsomepeoplewereverystupid,Iwasn’treferringtoyou.?
Don’trefertothismatteragain.?
RecordafterTeaching
ActivitiesandResearch
Theteachermayencouragethestudentswhoareinterestedinorganicfarmingtofindmoreinformationaboutitandshareitwithotherstudentsinclass.?
ReferenceforTeaching
LanguagePoints?
1.reducev.makesth.smallerinsize,number,degree,price,etc.?
e.g.Thecompanytriestoincreaseprofitsbyreducingcosts?
公司盡力通過減少花銷來提高利潤。?
Wehavereducedexpensesthisyear.?
今年我們已經(jīng)減少了業(yè)務(wù)開支。
2.supplyv.givesb.sth.thatisneededoruseful?
e.g.HekeptmewellsuppliedwithcupsofcoffeewhileIwrotethereport.?
當(dāng)我寫報(bào)告時(shí),他不斷地給我提供咖啡。?
Theshopwasunabletosupplywhatshewanted.?
在這家商店她買不到她所想買的東西。
3.refertov.mentionorspeakofsb./sth.?
e.g.WhenIsaidsomepeoplewereverystupid,Iwasn’treferringtoyou.?
當(dāng)我說有些人是很愚蠢的時(shí)候,我不是說你。?
Don’trefertothismatteragain.?
別再提這件事了。?
Sentencesandstructures?
Findoutallthesentenceswith“v.+ing”forms,andtrytorememberthem.?
Translatethefollowingsentences,andtellwhatpartofspeechestheredpartsareusedas.?
1.它也指用自然肥料而不是化肥種植的莊稼。?
Italsoreferstocropsgrowingwithnaturalratherthanchemicalfertilizers.?
注:growing...在句中充當(dāng)定語。修飾crops。
2.他們說,把這種肥料施在農(nóng)田里會(huì)使土壤含有更豐富的礦物質(zhì),而（土壤）也會(huì)更加肥沃。?
Puttingthisintheirfields,theyargue,makesthesoilricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.?
注:Putting...在句中充當(dāng)狀語。?
3.這一點(diǎn)很重要,因?yàn)橥寥栏牧剂?農(nóng)作物的病蟲害就減少了,因而有助于農(nóng)作物的茁壯成長。?
Thisisimportantbecausedevelopingahealthysoilreducesdiseasesincropsandhelpsthemgrowstrongandhealthy.?
注:developing...在句中充當(dāng)主語。
4.然而使用化肥會(huì)帶來很大的問題。?
However,usingchemicalfertilizersisabigproblem.
5.第一,在田地里長期遺留化學(xué)物質(zhì)對(duì)土壤和水源不利。?
Firstly,leavingchemicalsinthegroundforalongtimeisnotgoodforthesoilorthewatersupply.?
注:leaving...在句中充當(dāng)主語。
6.不同的是,有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民們堅(jiān)持每隔兩三年換種農(nóng)作物。?
Instead,organicfarminginsistonchangingcropseverytwoorthreeyear.?
注:changing...在句中充當(dāng)賓語。
7.這些農(nóng)作物將礦物質(zhì)帶回土壤,使之肥沃強(qiáng)效,適宜于種植要求土壤肥沃的農(nóng)作物,例如玉米和小麥。?
Theseputthemineralsbackintothesoil,makingitrichandhealthyandreadytogrowcropsthatneedrichandfertilesoillikecornorwheat.?
注:making...在句中充當(dāng)狀語。
8.但無論他們種什么,他們確保在收割后留在地里的東西成為來年農(nóng)作物的天然肥料。?
Butwhatevertheygrowtheymakesurethatwhatisleftinthegroundafterharvestingbecomesanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear’scrops.?
注:harvesting...在句中跟after一起充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語。?
Unit 2 Working the land教案
Unit2Workingtheland
核心單詞
1.struggle
v.掙扎；努力；拼搏；斗爭
n.(為爭取自由、政治權(quán)利等而進(jìn)行的)斗爭，奮斗
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
strugglewith與……斗爭
strugglefor為爭取……而斗爭
struggleagainst與……斗爭；為反對(duì)……而斗爭
struggletodosth.(=makegreateffortstodosth.)
努力做某事
struggletoone’sfeet掙扎著站起來
Shestruggledtokeepbackthetears.她努力忍住淚水。
Itwasahardstruggletogetmyworkdoneontime.
為使工作按時(shí)完成,我做了一番努力。
易混辨析
struggle/fight
struggle指較長時(shí)間的、激烈的斗爭，往往指肉體及精神上的戰(zhàn)斗。
fight意為“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗爭”時(shí)，包含體力和勇猛的因素。
高手過招
(1)單項(xiàng)填空
Theworkingpeoplehaveneverstoppedtheirstruggleunfairtreatment.（2010?01?山西太原五中檢測）
A.againstB.forC.fromD.to
(2)完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助那些仍在為獨(dú)立而斗爭的人們。
Weshouldhelpthosewhoarestill.
②他們得和各種各樣的困難作斗爭。
Theyhadto.
(1)解析：選A。struggleagainst意為“同……作斗爭”；strugglefor意為“為了……而斗爭”。
(2)①strugglingforindependence
②strugglewith/againstallkindsofdifficulties
2.expand
v.擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展；增加；增長；（使）膨脹；闡述；使變大
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
expand...into...將……擴(kuò)展/發(fā)展成……
expandon闡述；詳談
Heisthinkingofexpandinghisbusiness.
他在正考慮擴(kuò)大他的生意。
Intenyearsthecity’spopulationexpandedby12%.
十年之中,該市人口增加了百分之十二。
聯(lián)想拓展
expansionn.展開；膨脹；擴(kuò)展
expansiveadj.廣闊的；易膨脹的
易混辨析
expand/extend/spread/stretch
expand意為“展開，擴(kuò)大”，不僅指尺寸的增加，還可指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。
extend意為“伸出，延伸”，指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大，以及長度，寬度的向外延伸，也可指時(shí)間的延長。
spread意為“傳播；蔓延；鋪開”。一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍，如傳播（疾?。?，散布（信息）等。
stretch意為“伸展(身體等)，拉長；連綿”，一般指由曲變直，由短變長的伸展，不是加長。
高手過招
選詞填空（expend/extend/spread/stretch）（原創(chuàng)）
①Thefiresoontothenearbyhouses.
②ThetouristseasonfromMaytillOctober.
③Aballoonwhenitisblownup.
④Thecatoutinfrontofthefire.
答案:①spread②extends③expands④stretched
3.equip
vt.equipmentB.equipped;equipments
C.equipping;equipmentsD.equipping;equipment
(2)完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①Thesoldierswerewell(裝備)weapons.
②Thislibrary(為……而裝備)atomicresearch.
③Ourclassroom(裝備有)acomputerandataperecorder.
(1)解析：選A。equip...with...意為“用……裝備……”，被動(dòng)形式為beequippedwith。第二空equipment意為“裝備；設(shè)備”，是不可數(shù)名詞。
(2)①equippedwith②isequippedfor
③isequippedwith
4.regret
vt.因?yàn)?br> Thankstoyourhelp,weweresuccessful.
由于你的幫助，我們成功了。
Thankstoyou,Iwassavedfromdrowning.
多虧你，我才沒被淹死。
Thankstothebadweather,thematchhadbeencancelled.
多虧了這倒霉的天氣，比賽被取消了。（反語）
聯(lián)想拓展
表示“因?yàn)?，由于”的短語還有：
becauseof，owingto，onaccountof，dueto，asaresultof。
溫馨提示
以上這些都是介詞短語，因此后面可以跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞而不可以跟從句。
高手過招
單項(xiàng)填空
①Itwasyourtimelyhelpthatweaccomplishedthetaskontime.（2010?01?山西運(yùn)城檢測）
A.BecauseB.thankC.thankstoD.as
②thenewpolicy,wearenowhavingahappylife.（2010?01?安徽亳州檢測）
A.ThankstoB.Because
C.ForD.Thanksfor
①解析：選C。because和as雖然也表示“因?yàn)椋捎凇保竺嫘杞泳渥樱渲惺嵌陶Z，故應(yīng)用thanksto。句意為：幸虧你及時(shí)幫忙，我們才按時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。
②解析：選A?？疾榻x詞辨析。thanksto意為“多虧了”；because后應(yīng)加句子;for表示補(bǔ)充說明的原因。
8.rid...of
擺脫；除去
Youshouldridyourselfofthatbadhabit.
你應(yīng)該改掉那個(gè)壞習(xí)慣。
聯(lián)想拓展
beridof擺脫
getridof擺脫；除掉；去掉
ridoneselfofdebt還清債務(wù)
breakawayfrom擺脫；放棄
Youmustbreakawayfromsuchabadhabit.
你必須改掉這樣的壞習(xí)慣。
Itwon’tbelongbeforewecanbe/getridofthepestaltogether.
不用太久，我們就能把這種害蟲消除干凈。
高手過招
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換（原創(chuàng)）
Couldyouridyourselfofthebadhabitofsmoking?
Couldyouthebadhabitofsmoking?
答案:getridof
9.wouldrather
寧愿，寧可
I’dratheryoudidn’t.(常用來委婉拒絕別人)
我希望你不要。
HewouldratherstayathomewatchingTV.
他寧愿待在家里看電視。
I’drathernotgothere.我寧愿不去那里。
I’dratheryoucametomorrowthantoday.
我寧愿你明天來而不是今天來。
I’dratherhavemadeatelephonecalltohimyesterday.
我昨天本想給他打個(gè)電話的。
聯(lián)想拓展
wouldrather...than...是常用句式，意為“寧可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”
wouldrather＋從句時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語氣，用動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)表示。
wouldratherhavedone本想做……（而實(shí)際上未做）
高手過招
單項(xiàng)填空
①—Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?
—Whichdoyourself?（2010?01?江西南昌檢測）
A.doyouratherB.wouldyourather
C.willyouratherD.shouldyourather
②I’dratherthebasketballmatchlastnight.Otherwise,Iwouldhavefinishedmypaperworkbynow.
（2010?01?江蘇徐州檢測）
A.nothavewatchedB.notwatch
C.hadn’twatchD.haven’twatch
①解析：選B?？疾閣ouldratherdosth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。而do,will和should都不能與rather搭配。wouldrather(not)dosth.意為“寧愿（不愿意）做某事”。
②解析：選A。wouldrathernothavedone意為“本不想做……（實(shí)際卻做了）”。后一句句意為：否則我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了我的文件。所以前句表示“本不想看球賽卻看了”，故選A。
10.leadto
通向；導(dǎo)致；造成（后果）
注意：leadto中的to為介詞，該短語后可跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。
Thecaraccidentledtohisbeingkilled.
那次車禍導(dǎo)致他死亡。
AllroadsleadtoRome.
條條大路通羅馬。
Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.
吃太多糖會(huì)導(dǎo)致健康問題。
Hiscarelessnessledtohisfailure.
他的粗心導(dǎo)致了他的失敗。
聯(lián)想拓展
resultin導(dǎo)致
resultfrom由……導(dǎo)致
高手過招
單項(xiàng)填空
Thestudentsintheuniversityarealltakingcoursesadegree.（2010?01?山東煙臺(tái)檢測）
A.stickingtoB.leadingto
C.turningtoD.referringto
解析:選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。stickto堅(jiān)持;leadto導(dǎo)致，引起；通往；turnto求助，轉(zhuǎn)向，查閱；referto指的是；談?wù)摚殚?。由句意“大學(xué)生都在學(xué)習(xí)課程，以取得學(xué)位”可知，答案為B。
11.buildup
逐步建立；逐漸增強(qiáng)；加強(qiáng)；樹立；積累
Thecompanyhasbuiltupafinereputation.
該公司已建立起良好的信譽(yù)。
Youmustbuildupyourstrengthafteryourillness.
你在病后必須要增強(qiáng)體力。
高手過招
完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①我們應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)孩子們樹立信心。
Weshouldencouragethechildrento.
②看到你的詞匯量在逐漸增長我很高興。
I’mverygladtoseethatyourvocabularyis.
答案:①builduptheirconfidence
②graduallybuildingup
12.focuson
集中（注意力、精力等）于……；對(duì)(某事或做某事)予以注意；使聚焦于；使直射于
Hefocusedhismindonhislessons.他把心思集中在功課上。
Todaywe’regoingtofocusonthequestionofhomelesspeople.今天,我們主要討論無家可歸者的問題。
Anearˉsightedpersoncannotfocusaccuratelyondistantobjects.近視的人看不清遠(yuǎn)處的物體。
聯(lián)想拓展
focusone’sattentiononsth.=center/concentrate/fixone’sattentiononsth.集中注意力于……
高手過招
完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①在我看來，學(xué)校應(yīng)該把精力集中在教學(xué)上。
Inmyopinion,schoolsshould.
②他把相機(jī)對(duì)準(zhǔn)了遠(yuǎn)處的高樓。
Hehiscamerathehugebuildinginthedistance.
答案:①focusattentiononteaching
②focused；on
重點(diǎn)句型
13.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.
1974年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先鋒。
不定式放在表示次序的詞thefirst,thelast,thebest以及theonly,thevery,theright等詞后面,且這些詞與動(dòng)詞不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，結(jié)構(gòu)為：thefirst/last/best/only/very/right...+n.+todosth.表示“第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)/最好的一個(gè)/唯一的/恰好的/合適的……做某事的人/物”。
Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.
他總是第一個(gè)來并且最后一個(gè)離開。
Thelastmantoleavethesinkingshipwasthecaptain.
最后一個(gè)離開正在下沉的船的那個(gè)人是船長。
高手過招
單項(xiàng)填空
HeisthelastpersontoMary’sbirthdayparty.（原創(chuàng)）
A.toinviteB.tobeinvited
C.invitedD.beinginvited
解析：選B?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ的用法。當(dāng)名詞前面有序數(shù)詞或last,next等詞修飾時(shí)，名詞后面多用不定式作定語。如NewZealandwasthefirstnationinmoderntimestoallowwomentovote.新西蘭成為現(xiàn)代史上第一個(gè)允許婦女有選舉權(quán)的國家。
14.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.
用他的雜交水稻種子，農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。
倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.＋as＋B
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋比較級(jí)＋than＋B
A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋（由某些形容詞變化而來的）n.＋of＋B
I’mnotgoingoutwithamanwho’stwiceasoldasme.
我不愿意和一個(gè)年紀(jì)比我大一倍的男人一起參加社交活動(dòng)。
Wegotthreetimesasmanypeopleasexpected.
來的人超過我們預(yù)料人數(shù)的兩倍。
You’renothalfascleverasyouthinkyouare.
你可不像自己想像的一半那么聰明。
高手過招
單項(xiàng)填空
Whatatable!I’veneverseensuchathingbefore.Itisitislong.（原創(chuàng)）
A.halfnotaswideasB.widenotashalfas
C.nothalfaswideasD.aswideasnothalf
解析：選C?？疾楸稊?shù)表達(dá)法。表達(dá)倍數(shù)的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是：A+be+倍數(shù)+as+adj.+as+B。as...as中間是形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，而不可以是比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。
15.Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.
這還可以讓空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。
keep...freefrom無……的；免于……；擺脫……（常用作表語、后置定語或補(bǔ)語）
聯(lián)想拓展
befreetodosth.自由地做，隨意地做
setsb.free釋放某人
get/givesth.forfree免費(fèi)得到/贈(zèng)送
asmokeˉfreeroom/area無煙室/區(qū)
freeofcharge免費(fèi)
高手過招
完成句子
用這個(gè)東西把桌子罩住，免得有灰塵落在上面。
thetabledirtybyputtingacoveroverit.
答案:Keep;freefrom
Unit 2 Working the land Period 2 Learning about Language教案
Period2LearningaboutLanguage
TheGeneralIdeaofThisPeriodThisperiodisabouttheusefulwords,expressionsandstructureslearnedinthereadingpart,fromtheexercisesinthisperiod,thestudentscanconsolidatewhattheylearntinthereadingpart,andlearnthegrammaraboutthe-ingformasanoun.?TeachingImportantPoints?Learnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.?TeachingDifficultPoints?Learntousethe-ingformasasubjectaswellasanobject.?TeachingMethods?Asking-and-answeringactivitytocheckthestudents’answersoftheexercises;individual,pairorgroupworktofinisheachtask.?TeachingAids?Amulti-mediacomputer?Ablackboard?
ThreeDimensionalTeachingAimsKnowledgeandSkills?Learnsomekeywords:?trial,consider,prove,tellthetruth,pretend,thinkhighlyof,besides?Learnsomeimportantdrills:?IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.?Besides,myfatheroncetoldmethatanypersonwhofindssomethingcouldkeepit.?ImustsaythatIagreewithyou.?ImustsaythatIdon’tagreewithyou.?Helpthestudentslearnhowtousethe-ingformasanoun.?Enablethestudentstolearnhowtomakejudgmentsandgivetheiropinions.?ProcessandStrategies?Theteachermayleadthestudentstosumupsomegrammaticalitemsthemselves.?Givesomenecessaryexplanation.?FeelingsandValue?Throughthestudyingofthispartthestudentswillknowmoreaboutthe-ingformasanoun.Besides,theirabilityoftransferencewillbestrengthened.?TeachingProcedures?Step1Revision?1.Greetings.?2.AskthestudentstousethefirstpersontoretellthepassageaboutDrYuan,andaskthemtotrytousetheproperconjunctions.?Step2Usefulwordsandexpressions?T:Fromthereadingpart,wecanfindsomeusefulwordsandexpressions.Sonowpleasefindthewordsandexpressionsthatmeansthesamefromthetext.(Ex.1onPage11)?Aftertwominutes,theteacherbeginstochecktheanswersandgivetherightanswers:?Suggestedanswers:?1.sunburnt2.hunger3.rid...of4.expand5.circulate6.leada...life7.wouldrather8.thanksto9.struggle10.export?T:NowLet’scometoEx.2.Pleasecompletethepassagewithwordsandexpressionsfromtheprevioussections,thenI’llaskyoutogivemetheanswerssentencebysentence.?Afterseveralminutes,theteacheraskthestudentstogivetheiranswers.?Suggestedanswers:?1.prove2.wouldrather3.livea4.life5.rid6.of7.output8.increased9.sunburnt?T:HowaboutEx.3,haveyoufoundtheanswers?I’dliketoasksomeofyoutoreadthesentencesandthengivemetheanswers.?Suggestedanswers:?1.super2.satisfied3.strain4.exported5.suitableStep3Discoveringusefulstructures?T:Let’scometodiscoveringusefulstructures,atfirstlet’sfinishtheexercisesinthispart.Doyouknowwhatdoes“evenapoorpersoncanhaveawish”mean??S:Itmeans“Wishingforthingscostsnothing.”?T:Verygood!NowpleaserewritethesentencesinEx.2onPage12.?Afterfiveminutes,theteachercheckstheanswers.(Ssanswerthequestionsonebyone.)?Suggestedanswers:?1.Helpingpeopleinneedofhelpisnice.?2.Growinghybridriceisn’teasy.?3.Learningmoreaboutfarmingisn’tdifficult.?4.Doingresearchinthecountrysideisn’teasy.?5.GettingridofhungerisveryimportantinsomeAfricancountries.?6.Explainingthisagainisimportantorwewillgetconfused.?T:Doyouthinkit’sveryeasytolearnaboutthe-ingformasthesubject?Buthowaboutthe-ingformastheobject?NowI’dliketochecktheanswersofEx.3onPage12.?(Ssgivetheanswersonebyone.)?Suggestedanswers:?1.DrYuanlikestalkingtoricegrowersabouthiswork.?2.Hecontinueddoingresearchuntilabetterstrainofricewasfound.?3.Manycitykidslookforwardtovisitingthecountryside.?4.Notallstudentsenjoyworkinginthefields.?5.Theystartedproducinghybridricein1974.?6.Iremembermeetingthescientistwhilehewasin!--?xml:namespaceprefix=st1ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"/--Beijinglasttime.?Step4Grammar?T:Today,wearegoingtolearnthev.-ingasanoun.Soatfirstwhocantellmewhatanouncanbeusedasinasentence?Andpleasegivemesomeexamples.?S:Itcanbeusedassubject.Forexample:Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.?T:NowIthinkyouhaveknownhowtousethev.-ingassubject.Buthowaboutothers??S:Itcanalsobeusedasobject.Forexample:Ihaveforgottenseeingthisfilm.?T:Youareright.Thev.-ingformcanbeusedasobject,too.Nowlet’scometoknowmoreaboutit.T:Verygood.(Theteachermaygiveasystematicalexplanationofthegrammar.)?Step5Homework?1.FinishtherelatedexercisesonWorkbook.?2.Prepareforthenextclass.?3.Finishtheexercisesaboutthe-ingformasthesubjectandobject.?
TheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit2Workingtheland
Period2Learningaboutlanguage1.chemicaladj.化學(xué)的;關(guān)于化學(xué)的?chemistryn.化學(xué)?2.Phrasesthatcanbeusedwiththe-ingform:?begoodat;care(little)about;dreamof;devote...to;seetheneedfor;beafraidof;beconcernedabout;beinterestedin?
RecordafterTeaching
ActivitiesandResearchWhenleadinginthegrammarpart,youmaygivethestudentssomeexamplesaboutthe-ingformasanounandencouragethestudentstosumupthegrammaticalrules.Thentheteachermayaskthestudentstomakeupasmanysentencesaspossibletoconsolidateit.?
ReferenceforTeachingGrammar?
動(dòng)名詞一、概述?和不定式一樣,動(dòng)名詞也是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種,它通常由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成。動(dòng)名詞有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語態(tài),有一般式,完成式和進(jìn)行式三種形式。如下表所示:
!--?xml:namespaceprefix=vns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"/--
態(tài)
時(shí)
態(tài)
語
主動(dòng)
被動(dòng)
一般式
doing
beingdone
完成式
havingdone
havingbeendone
完成進(jìn)行式
havingbeendoing
無
動(dòng)名詞仍保留有動(dòng)詞的特征,可以和自己的邏輯主語、賓語和狀語等構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語。動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的功能,在句中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。?二、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形式?1.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式?①一般式?動(dòng)名詞的一般式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,或者表示一種無時(shí)間性限制的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。?HeenjoyswritinglettersinEnglish.?他喜歡用英語寫信。?Manyyoungpeoplelikeplayingfootball.?許多年輕人喜歡踢足球。?②完成式?動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),如:?Theyregrethavingbeenunabletohelpyou.?他們?yōu)闆]能幫上你的忙而遺憾。?Afterhavingwrittentheletter,hewenttopostit.?他寫完信,就去寄它了。?Sheregrettedhavingmissedthefilm.?她后悔沒有看到那部電影。?③完成進(jìn)行式?動(dòng)名詞的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語動(dòng)作之前,并一直持續(xù)到謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí),或繼續(xù)。如:?Forgivemeformyhavingbeeninterruptingyousomuch.?原諒我打擾你這么久。2.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式?當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)式。如:?Heclimbedthroughthewindowwithoutbeingseen.?他從窗口爬進(jìn)去,沒有被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。?Sheneedstoworkwithoutbeingdisturbed(=withoutpeopledisturbher).?她要在無人干擾的情況下才能工作。?動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)分成一般式和完成式兩種。如:?Therailwayisintheprocessofbeingconstructed.?鐵路在興建中。?AfterhavingkeptaprisonerintheBastilleformanyyears,DrManettehadrecentlybeensetfree.?曼奈特醫(yī)生被關(guān)在巴士底監(jiān)獄許多年后,最近獲釋。?特別提示:-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義?在want,need,deserve,require等動(dòng)詞后,總是用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于“tobe+過去分詞”。如:?Mywatchneedsrepairing(=toberepaired).?我的手表需要修理。?Thehousewantscleaning.這房屋需要打掃。?在worth這個(gè)形容詞后情形也是這樣。如:?Thefilmisworthseeing.這部影片值得一看。?Theplaceisworthvisiting.那個(gè)地方值得一游。?三、動(dòng)名詞的否定式?動(dòng)名詞的否定式通常是在動(dòng)名詞前加否定詞not。例如:?Iapologizeformynothavingkeptpromise.?我沒能遵守諾言,十分抱歉。?Iregretnotbeingabletohelpyou.?我很抱歉不能幫助你。?1.作主語?動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí),句子有兩種形式:?(1)動(dòng)名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。?Playingtricksonothersissomethingweshouldneverdo.?捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的。?Learningnewwordsisveryimportantforme.?學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對(duì)我來說非常重要。?Talkingiseasierthandoing。說比做容易。?(2)用形式主語it,把真正的主語——?jiǎng)用~結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制,作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞,如useful,useless,good,fun，nouse,worth等。例如:?ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.?和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。?It’sworthmakingtheeffort.?這事值得去做。?Isitanygoodtryingtoexplain??想再解釋一次有好處嗎??Itispleasantworkingwithyou.?跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。?(3)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“Itisimpossibletodo...”。例如:?Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.?若要人不知,除非己莫為。?Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter。?這種事開不得玩笑。?Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldleave.?無法知道他什么時(shí)候離開。?注意:動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語時(shí)的比較:?動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是一個(gè)泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式則通常表示具體的動(dòng)作。例如:?Asachild,shefeltthatvisitingsickpeoplewasadutyandapleasure.?還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,她就覺得探視病人是一種責(zé)任,也是一種愉悅。?BeingaguestinanAmericanhomewillbeagoodexperienceforme.?到美國人家里做客對(duì)我來說將是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)歷。?Doingnothingisdoingill.?什么也不做就是作惡。?Hesaid,“Togoonlikethisisnouse.”?他說:“繼續(xù)這樣下去是無用的。”?It’sanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.?我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。?歸納:常用-ing形式作主語的句型有:?It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的?Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是沒用處的?Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得?Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的?Thereisnodoing無法……,不允許……?Thereisnosenseindoing做……沒有道理?Thereis/wasnousedoing干……無意義?Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing沒有比……更糟的?Thereis/wasnopointdoing干……無意義?Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.?我們不知道要去哪兒。?Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.?做這件傻事毫無意義。?注意:Thereisnoneedtodosth.干……沒必要,在此句式中todo不可換為doing。?Thereisnoneedtotellher.沒有必要告訴她。?提示:當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞用作主語時(shí),其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。?Mysister’sbeingillmadeweworried.?我姐姐病了,使我很擔(dān)心。?Yourbeingrightdoesn’tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong.?你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。2.作動(dòng)詞的賓語?動(dòng)名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動(dòng)詞只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語;二是有些動(dòng)詞既可后接動(dòng)名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。?（1）只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞,常見的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannothelp,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannotstand等。如:?Ican’tavoidgoing.我不能不去。?Haveyouconsideredlookingforonespecialfriend??你是否考慮過找一位摯友??Wemusttrytoavoidrepeatingthesamemistake.?我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。?Doyoufeellikehavingawalkwithmeaftersupper??晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎??Peoplecouldn’thelplaughingfoolishman.?人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。?這類動(dòng)詞還有:excuse,fancy,giveup,putoff,risk等。?（2）既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞,常見的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。?A.在like,love,hate,prefer等動(dòng)詞之后,用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同,只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同,動(dòng)名詞表示泛指的動(dòng)作,不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。例如:?Iconsideredgoing,butIhavethiscompositiontowrite.?我考慮要去,可是我要寫這篇作文。?Ienjoylearningaboutnewthingsfrompoliticstosportsandmusic.?我喜歡從政治、體育及音樂等方面學(xué)習(xí)新的事情。?Webelievethatmanymorepeoplewillprefertotravelbyair.?我們相信將會(huì)有更多的人喜歡乘坐飛機(jī)旅行。?在wouldlike／love／prefer之后,只能用不定式。例如:?I’dprefertodothattomorrow.這事我想明天再做。?I’dliketodosomeshopping,butnotduringtheday.?我倒是想去購物,但又不想白天去。?I’dlikeyoutomeetDrZhang.?我想讓你見一見張醫(yī)生。?Oh,Iwouldlovetobeacontestant.?噢,我倒是想做個(gè)參賽者。?B.在begin/start,continue之后,用動(dòng)名詞和不定式,意義無甚區(qū)別,尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時(shí)候。例如:?Jazzstarteddevelopinginthe1920sintheSouthernStates.?20年代爵士音樂在美國南部各州開始發(fā)展。?Theshipstartedtoleakandbegintofillwithwater.?船體開始出現(xiàn)漏洞,并開始進(jìn)水。?Hankstartedtowalkthroughthecarriagestogetbacktohisseat.?漢克開始走回他自己坐的車廂。?Journalistshavetostopworkingononestoryandstartworkingimmediatelyontheimportantnewone.?新聞?dòng)浾卟坏貌煌Ｏ率种兴鶎懙?立刻開始寫最新的重要新聞。?當(dāng)begin/start與see,think,feel,understand等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),用不定式。例如:?Theybegantounderstandhowimportanttheforestis.?他們開始明白森林有多么重要。?begin/start用進(jìn)行式時(shí),只能后接不定式。例如:?Iwasbeginningtowonderifitwaseasyenoughtogoontheclimbing.?我開始想繼續(xù)往上爬會(huì)不會(huì)越來越難。?I’mstartingtoputonweightagain.?我又開始長胖了。?C.在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret之后,用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作先于謂語發(fā)生,不定式表示后于謂語動(dòng)作,例如:?Irememberpostingtheletter.?我記得我已把信寄了。?I’llremembertoposttheletter.?我會(huì)記著去寄信的。?Ishallneverforgetseeingthefamouswriter.?我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見到過那位著名作家。?Don’tforgettowritetoyourmother.?不要忘了給你母親寫信。?Iregretmissingthereport.?我真后悔沒趕上那次報(bào)告會(huì)。?IregrettosayIcan’ttakeyouradvice.?我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。?D.在try,mean之后,意義各不相同,如trytodo(設(shè)法),trydoing(試試),meantodo(打算,有意要做),meandoing(意思是,意味著)。例如:?Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.?我們必須設(shè)法及時(shí)把一切搞好。?Let’strydoingtheworkinginsomeotherway.?我們用別的方法做這工作試試。?Ididn’tmeantomakeyouangry.?我并不想叫你生氣。?Yourplanwouldmeanspendinghours.?你的計(jì)劃意味著要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)。?E.goondoing和goontodo?goondoing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事;goontodo接著做另一件事。例如:?Pleasegoondoingthesameexercise.請(qǐng)接著做這同一個(gè)練習(xí)。?Pleasegoontodotheotherexercise.請(qǐng)做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。?F.stopdoing與stoptodo?stopdoing停止做,stoptodo停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:?Westoppedtalking.我們停止了交談。?Westoppedtotalk.我們停了下來去談話。3.作介詞的賓語?動(dòng)名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。?A.介詞+動(dòng)名詞,如:?We’vegottothinkofwaysofchangingpeople’shabits.?我們得想些辦法改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。?Iapologizeforbeingsoangrywithyou.?我向你道歉,剛才對(duì)你那樣生氣。?Afterbeingawayforseveralyears,itisastrangeexperiencetoreturntotheplaceyouwerebornandbroughtup.?離開幾年之后再回到你生長的地方,感覺有點(diǎn)怪。?B.動(dòng)詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞,例如:?Iinsistontakingproperfoodforthisexpedition.?我堅(jiān)持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。?Insteadofsmiling,eachofthemmadeaface.?同學(xué)們臉上沒有笑容,相反都做了怪臉。?Shewasveryinterestedinworkingforourcompany.?她對(duì)為我們公司工作很感興趣。?下列短語中的to都是介詞,所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式:devoteto,objectto,payattentionto,getdownto,leadto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto等。?
