小學英語閱讀課教案

高考英語備考資料：猜測閱讀理解詞義的9種強悍方法。

高考英語備考資料：猜測閱讀理解詞義的9種強悍方法

一、類屬法
即通過類屬來推測詞義。如：
■Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindsoffruitgrowinwarmareas.
說明：從句意我們知道pineapples和coconuts與bananas,oranges是同類事物，同屬水果(準確地說是“菠蘿”和“椰子”)。
二、推理法
即根據文章的前后語境推出生詞的詞義。如：
■Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.
說明：既然一天之內看不完所有的展品，那么immense的意思應該是“很大”了。
■Everyoneagreedthatthewomaninthephotowasgorgeous.Itwaseasytoseewhyshehadwonthebeautycontest.
說明：既然“她在選美比賽中獲勝”，說明她“很美麗”(gorgeous)。
三、常識法
即根據普通常識推測生詞的詞義。如：
■It’ssaidthatBillGatesisthemostaffluentpersonintheworld.
說明：根據常識，BillGates為世界首富，所以affluent可能是“富有的”。
■Asascientist,Edisonisveryfamousforhiscontrivances.
說明：根據常識，Edison為發(fā)明大王，他應因“發(fā)明”而聞名于世。
四、列舉法
即通過對文章所列舉的事物來猜測生詞的詞義。如：
■Childrenlikesuchcreaturesasdogsandmonkeys.
說明：像dogs和monkeys之類的“creatures”，顯然creatures的意思應是“動物”。
■Inyoursparetime,youmaylookthroughanyoftheseperiodicals:TimeMagazine,NewsWeek,orTheNewWorker.
說明：periodical是生詞，但根據其后所列舉的例子，我們可以推測出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“雜志”。
五、構詞法
即根據前綴、后綴、復合、派生等構詞知識判斷生詞的詞義。如：
■Overworkmaycausediseases.
說明：前綴over-的意思是“過分的，過量的”，故overwork的意思應為“工作過度”。
■Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanager’seyes.
說明：satisfied的意思是“滿意的”，前綴dis-的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied的意思應該是“不滿意的”。
六、對比法
即根據文章前后的對比關系確定生詞的詞義。如：
■Hehadbeengettingbetter,butduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.
說明：句中的but表明deteriorate應該與getbetter的意思相反，即“惡化”。
■Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.
說明：上文說兩個經濟上的極端，那么下文中penury應與greatwealth相對，即表示“貧困”。
■Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.
說明：while表對比，意為“而”，所以loquacious應是silent的反義，即“多嘴的”。
■Ifyouagree,drawacircle;andacrossifyoudissent.
說明：既然畫圈表示同意，那么畫叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。
七、同位法
同位語是對所修飾詞語的進一步說明和解釋，若對所修飾的詞語不熟悉，可通過其后同位語的“說明或解釋”來確定其詞義。如：
■Hisfatherisanexpertinphonetics,thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.
說明：同位語thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage表示phonetics的意思應該是“語音學”。
■Jeanwasbornwithspinabifida,abirthillnessthatdamagesthespine(脊骨).
說明：同位語abirthillnessthatdamagesthespine表明了spinabifida是一種病，一種對脊骨有損害的病。
八、釋義法
即根據文章中所提供的釋義關系來確定生詞的詞義。如：
■Theydescribedhimasaloon,oramadman.
說明：句中的or是對loon的解釋，即loon與amadman同義，即表示“瘋子”。
■Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle,thatis,itwillbreakeasily.
說明：句中的thatis表明itwillbreakeasily是對brittle的解釋，從而猜測出其意為“脆”。
■Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout500yuanayear.
說明：定語從句wholooksaftersheep表明herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。
■Therearethreekindsofsnow.Onekindisafluffysnowthatissomewhatdryandfeathery?
說明：定語從句thatissomewhatdryandfeathery(有點兒干、像羽毛似的)表明fluffysnow的意思可能是“鵝毛大雪”。
九、定義法
即根據文章中的定義關系確定生詞的詞義。如：
■Aglacierisariverofice.
句意表明glacier的意思是“冰河”。
■Alinguistisapersonwhostudiesthescienceoflanguage.
Linguist就是一個“研究語言科學的人”，即“語言學家”。jAB88.cOm

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一名愛崗敬業(yè)的教師要充分考慮學生的理解性，作為高中教師就要根據教學內容制定合適的教案。教案可以讓學生更好地進入課堂環(huán)境中來，幫助高中教師能夠井然有序的進行教學。我們要如何寫好一份值得稱贊的高中教案呢？下面的內容是小編為大家整理的高考英語備考資料：高考英語閱讀理解六字真訣，歡迎大家閱讀，希望對大家有所幫助。

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閱讀理解在高考英語考試中占有很多的分值，要想取得好的英語成績必須在閱讀理解的復習上多下功夫，為了讓大家掌握高考英語閱讀理解的相關技巧，下面xx網為大家?guī)砀呖加⒄Z備考指導這篇內容，希望對大家備考英語有所幫助。
一、重
“重”——“重文本”。讀懂文章最重要。
文本是題源所在，如果將考生比作勘探人員，那么文本就是他們的勘探場所。撰題者正式通過對文章的深入剖析，才將一個個地寶藏埋藏其中，讓考生去發(fā)掘。所以讀懂文本不僅是正確解題的第一步，也是最關鍵的一步。
但是，快速讀懂一篇文章卻非易事，需要進行大量的閱讀習練。高超的閱讀真功夫有賴良好的閱讀習慣的培養(yǎng)。既要讀得快，又要讀得懂，良好的閱讀習慣是保障。
1、閱讀的不良習慣
要養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習慣，首先要克服閱讀的不良習慣。下面我列舉了一些常見的閱讀不良習慣，對號入座，看你有否。
心譯：讀一句心譯一句，句句必須借助漢語譯文方能理解;
指讀：閱讀時總是用指頭或筆尖等指著句子，邊移邊讀;
逐字逐句：一字一句，字字重視，句句關心，生怕漏掉一個單詞，眉毛胡子一把抓;
見生即查：閱讀時欲將生詞各個擊破，完全掃清閱讀障礙，認為只要沒有生詞，便可洞悉文章;
出聲：閱讀時發(fā)出聲音，全篇誦讀，字字句句，絲毫不拉;
唇讀：閱讀時雖沒有發(fā)出聲音，但唇隨句變，詞帶舌移，只是聲帶未顫，聲音未出;
默讀：沒有出聲，也沒有唇動舌移，但目光、意識仍在逐句念誦。
以上不良習慣要么會打斷閱讀思維的連貫性，要么會破壞對文本的整體理解，而它們最大的害處就是降低了閱讀速度。拿高考來說，共有五篇文章，合理的時間分配是35分鐘，再分配到每一篇就只有7分鐘了(當然考生可以根據文章難易稍做調整);可就我的教學經驗，罕有學生在35分鐘內高質量完成五篇文章;有的同學用了50分鐘，有的多達一個小時，還不算上復查的時間。常聽到同學抱怨“其實試題并不難，只是時間不夠”，這正是閱讀的不良習慣使然。
2、以意群為單位，成組視讀
分清意群，停頓嫻熟，不僅是朗誦的關鍵，更是閱讀的基本素質。英語閱讀時是以意群為單位，而非以單詞或詞組為單位。成組視讀是說用眼睛掃視，不是一個詞一個詞的去默看，而是向探照燈一樣根據意群，一組組的進行掃視，這時額頭成了一個通道，被收納的是信息，而不是詞匯。這是一種高超的閱讀能力，非以一貫之的堅持和大量的閱讀不能夠習得。
3、首尾在心，緊扣中心
任何一位作者都會有自己的寫作意圖，任何一篇文章都會有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的寫作意圖，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的關鍵，也是閱讀水平高低的體現。為了考察考生對文章的理解程度和閱讀水平，出題者必然會以各種方式對作者的寫作意圖與文章的主旨要義進行考察。一般來說，文章的主旨經常會被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點，因此同學們應格外注意它們。
以2005年福建高考C篇第66題為例：
What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
A.It’simportanttodrilldeepdownintolakesedimentstocollectinformation.
B.It’simpossibletoprovehowclimatechangesintheAmazonrainforest.
C.It’shardtocollectinformatinforstudiesofthepastclimateintheAmazonrainforest.
D.It’snecessarytohavespecializedequipmentandmachinerytostudythepastclimate.
該段首句是“Unfortunately,gettingintotheAmazonrainforestandcollectinginformationareverydifficult.”它正是該段的主題句，C選項正是對其它的同意轉述，當然是正確答案。
再如08年四川高考D篇第50題：
Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?
A.Toprovidetravelinformation.B.Toreportsomerecentnews.
C.Toteachtouristshikingskills.D.Tointroducethewildlife.
本文第一段是：“FivemillionpeoplevisitGrandCanyonintheUSeveryyear.ForthepurposeofhelpingprojectGrandCanyonforyourfellowvisitorsandfuturegenerations,pleasefollowtheguidelinesbelow.”本文是開篇點題的典型之作。借用短語“Forthepurposeof…”，作者清晰明了的表述了自己的寫作目的：為了方便游客及后來人盡攬大峽谷風貌，請遵守如下旅游須知。由此可見，為游客提供游覽信息是本文的主旨，故答案為A.
4、學會跳讀，心中有圖
閱讀理解要做到心中既有森林，又有樹木，既要統(tǒng)攬全文，又要主次有別。跳讀即可用來通讀全文，了解大意，又可用來搜尋細節(jié)，鎖定被考察信息——如此既把握了整體，又不會忽視細節(jié)。在跳讀時一定不要借用母語翻譯，而要通過情景想象、提綱列表、重點連線、簡圖示意等手段來梳理文章脈絡，使之直觀化、形象化、具體化。
以09年中考安徽卷B篇為例，我們可以將重點表達先進行連線：ahappynewmother------ababywithoutears------wascalledfreak------someonedonatedhis/herears------anewpersonappeared------marriedandlivedahappylife------hismother’sbodywithoutears;再對文本進行情景聯想，一出由偉大的母親、無耳的畸形男孩和老成持重的爸爸三人聯合演繹的動情故事便會頓時躍入腦海，一幕幕催人淚下的感人場景便會浮現在眼前。
5、善于猜測詞義
各類考試都允許出現3%的超綱詞匯，這些詞匯往往文中都會給出暗示，考生可以根據上下文來推斷他們的意思;有些其后則會緊跟其同位語，直接對其進行解釋說明;有的詞匯(多數為名詞)只需判定它是某類事物即可，比如人名、地名、某類動、植物等等，而無須弄明白其具體意思;有些詞真是猜不出意思也不必太在意，因為一、兩個詞不認識根本不會對文章理解帶來障礙，一定不能因之而恐慌，從而影響發(fā)揮。對于詞義猜測試題中的超綱詞，文中肯定會對其進行或解釋、或同義、或暗示，只要細心，只要思路開闊，就一定能發(fā)現線索，確定其含義。
比如09年中考東城區(qū)一模閱讀C篇第55題：
Whatdoestheword“domestic”meaninparagraphtwo?
A.producingenergy.
B.Fastdriving.
C.Ontheroad.
D.Forfamilyuse.
只要注意到劃線單詞domestic之后小橫線“-”后的“itisusedonlyinthhome”,就很容易做出判斷，選擇A項。
當然，Romewasn’tbuiltinaday，養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習慣不是一朝一夕的事，它需要耐心、恒心和自制力，只要擁有這“二心一力”，勇于堅持，敢于挑戰(zhàn)，方法得當，一個良好的閱讀習慣一定會為你所有。
二、定
“定”——“定區(qū)間”。能夠圈定各題答案的范圍。
出題者一般都是根據文本的某一段，或某一段的某一句，或某一句的某一詞，或根據隱藏在字里行間的作者的暗示進行題設。這就要求做題時要進行回想、返查，鎖定與問題相關信息的所在區(qū)域，為正確解題打基礎。這個過程就像捉迷藏一樣，要想找到文本中躲藏的“貓貓”，就必須對藏躲“貓貓”的區(qū)域諳熟于心，進而準確定位，圈定范圍，定能一抓一個準。
以09年高考湖北卷為例，第59題是詢問手表銷售在年輕人群中銷量下滑的原因。文章的第一段就是在闡述這個問題，是本題的大區(qū)間;確切到句，第五句“Allthesedevicestellthetime—whichiswhy,ifyoulookaround,you’llseelotsofemptywrists;”(所有這些東西都可告訴我們時間——這正是如果你想周圍看看的話，那么多人手腕空空的緣由。)是本題的題源所在，也是本題的答案選項A(haveotherdevicestotellthetime)的根據所在;再如本篇第61題，題干問通過文章我們對瑞士表業(yè)有何了解，文章的第四段說的都是瑞士高檔手表的再發(fā)明、巨額廣告等相關事宜;本段最后一句指出Rolexes,PatekPhilippe和Breitling三個牌子的手表具體銷售對象之三種人(周末休閑登山者，富人和貴族家庭出身的人，駕駛飛機環(huán)球旅游家)，這三種人必定都是有錢人，所以選擇A(Ittargetsrichpeopleasitspotentialcustomers.)自然在情理之中了。
總的來說，每個問題都對應于文本中的某個區(qū)間，或顯或隱，或大或小，或段或句或詞，考生要擦亮眼睛，善于定位，為找到答案的根據做好必要且充分的準備。
三、劃
“劃”——“劃根據”。作答時理由要充分，并在文章中劃出解題依據。
能夠在文本中劃出解題根據是正確解題的關鍵，更是閱讀理解不丟分的保障。獵人有句行話，叫“不見兔子不撒鷹”，在這兒我要告訴各位同學，在做閱讀理解時要做到“不見根據不做題”。理由充分，根據鑿實，這是“不僅知其然，而且知其所以然”的超高境界，是閱讀水平提高的最大見證。從這種意義上講，“劃”字訣是“重、定、劃、看、防、讀”六字真訣之尤為重要者。
四、看
“看”——“看轉換”。注意同一意思的不同表述(同意轉述)。
英語語言相當豐富，同一意思會有多種不同表達，以避免語言表述上的單調重復。考試中常見的題型“同意改寫”就是考察學生的這一能力的。以句型“決定做某事”為例，英語中就有不下就中表達：
1.decidetodosth.
2.makeadecisiontodosth.
3.determinetodosth.
4.bedeterminedtodosth.
5.makeadeterminationtodosth
6.resolvetodosth.
7.makearesolutiontodosth.
8.makeupone’smindtodosth.
9.setone’smindtodosth.
出題者設計試題時總會用不同的語言結構對文本中的某些信息進行同意轉述。有的轉述會很明顯，可以一目了然;但也不乏隱含很深的轉述，比如07年高考上海卷D篇第78題，答案“thecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailored.(C)”就是對文中第七段第二句“They(指thecarboardhouses)canbepersonalizedand…”的轉述,user-tailored(特制的)和文本中的personalized(特制的)是同義詞，但由于詞匯難度大而使這個轉換隱藏頗深，不容易被識破。
下表中我整理了一些有關同意轉換的范例，供同學們參考、領悟。
五、防
“防”——“防陷井”。鎖定是“true”還是“nottrue”，辨明形近詞。
英語閱讀中的陷阱設置最常見的有兩種，判斷對錯真假型和詞形相近型。對于判斷對錯真假型，考生做題前一定要認真審題，看準是“true”還是“nottrue”，是“right”還是“wrong”，然后才著手解題?？赡軙型瑢W認為，這么簡單的事怎么會錯?其實不然，在考場高度緊張的情況下，什么事情都會發(fā)生。試想你身邊有過多少同學曾因把“true”與“nottrue”看反而懊惱不已，頓足捶胸?
對于詞形相近型要做只有兩個字“細心”，三思而后選。只要細心，此類陷阱就會很容易被識破。如07年高考全國二卷A篇第45題很多同學選擇了A,原因主要是他們把“l(fā)onely”看成了“l(fā)ovely”，這正是出題人設置的陷阱所在，因為“l(fā)onely”與“l(fā)ovely”只有一個字母之差，詞形相近，很容易被看混。但只要稍加留意，避免此誤也不是難事。
歸根到底，“防”的主要對象是自己，防止慌張，防止粗心大意，防止那些“想當然”的想法，防止自己的驕傲情緒——只要沉著應對，處處留心，任何陷阱都會被識別發(fā)現的。
六、讀
“讀”——“讀全項”。做判斷時要通讀每一題的所有選項，區(qū)分鑒別，選擇最佳。
閱讀理解是從三個或四個選項中選出一個最佳選項，解題時考生要通讀所有選項，比較鑒別，確定最佳。切不可挑讀臆斷，匆匆作答。比如做判斷對錯真假型試題時，選項中會有“一對三錯”或“三對一錯”，通讀全項就會補救誤讀題干所造成的過失。

高考英語閱讀理解易錯題解題方法

一位優(yōu)秀的教師不打無準備之仗，會提前做好準備，準備好一份優(yōu)秀的教案往往是必不可少的。教案可以讓學生能夠在課堂積極的參與互動，幫助高中教師提高自己的教學質量。那么怎么才能寫出優(yōu)秀的高中教案呢？小編為此仔細地整理了以下內容《高考英語閱讀理解易錯題解題方法》，但愿對您的學習工作帶來幫助。

高考英語閱讀理解

高考英語易錯題解題方法大全：閱讀理解

EdwardWilsonisAmerica’s,ifnottheworld’s,leadingnaturalist.InTheFutureofLife,hetakesusonatouroftheworld’snaturalresources(資源).Howaretheyused?Whathasbeenlost?Whatremainsandisitabletocontinuewiththepresentspeedofuse?Wilsonalsopointsouttheneedtounderstandfullythebiodiversity(生物多樣性)ofourearth.
Wilsonbeginswithanopenlettertothepioneerinenvironment(環(huán)境)protectionHenryDavidThoreau.Hecomparestoday’sWaldenPondwiththatofThoreau’sday.Wilsonwillusesuchcomparisonsfortherestofthebook.Theproblemisclean:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.Cantheearth,withhumanhelp,bemadetoreturntobiodiversitylevelsthatwillbeabletosupportusinthefuture?
Biodiversity,Wilsonargues,isthekeytosettlingmanyproblemstheearthfacestoday.Evenouragriculturalcropscangainadvantagesfromit.Amerehundredspecies(物種)arethebasisofourfoodsupply,ofwhichbuttwentycarrytheload.Wilsonsuggestschangingthissituationbylookingintotenthousandspeciesthatcouldbemadeuseof,whichwillbeawaytoreducetheclearingofthenaturalhomesofplantsandanimalstoenlargefarmingareas.
Attheendofthebook,Wilsondiscussestheimportanceofhumanvaluesinconsideringtheenvironment.Ifyouaretocontinuetoliveontheearth,youmaywellreadandactontheideas.
72.WelearnfromthetextthatWilsoncaresmostabout.
A.theenvironmentforplants
B.thebiodiversityofourearth
C.thewasteofnaturalresources
D.theimportanceofhumanvalues
73.Howmanyspeciesaremostimportanttoourpresentfoodsupply?
A.Twenty.B.EightyC.Onehundred.D.Tenthousand.
74.Wilsonsuggeststhatonewaytokeepbiodiversityisto.
A.learnhowtofarmscientifically
B.buildhomesforsomedyingspecies
C.makeitclearwhattoeat
D.usemorespeciesforfood
75.Wecaninferthatthetextis.
A.adescriptionofnaturalresourcesB.aresearchreport
C.abookreviewD.anintroductiontoascientist
參考答案及解析
72.典型錯誤A.錯因分析沒有抓住文章的重點,以次代主,以點代面.
　本題屬于判斷推理題.這類題要求學生在理解文章中直接陳述的觀點或描述的事實基礎上，領悟作者的弦外之意，得出符合作者意愿的結論，即作者沒有在文章中明說的。要得出正確的推理僅以閱讀材料為前題還不夠，還必須結合自己應有的常識。本題的關鍵提示信息在第三段中的第一句話.
本題的正確選項為B.
73.典型錯誤D.錯因分析是學生審題不細.
　本題是細節(jié)理解題.學生們在做此類試題時,可以采用查讀法,即帶著問題尋找答案,同時要注意審題.
本題的正確選項為A.
74.典型錯誤A.錯因分析信息錯位,釋意不清.
　本題是細節(jié)理解題.屬于間接辨認題,要正確地理解文章中具體信息的含義,并用同義或是近義的形式復述出來.本題的選項依據為第三段的最后一句話.
本題的正確選項為D.
75.典型錯誤A.錯因分析關鍵信息沒有抓住,以點代面.
　本題是推理判斷題.推理判斷要根據文章中的信息來判斷,不能依據自己的主觀判斷,也不能以點代面.本題推斷依據為文章開始部分的TheFutureofLife一書的基本內容,然后重點談及Biodiversity的重要性,最后根據文章最后一段,由此可以判斷出本題選C項.
本題的正確選項為C.

WANGHaoandWangLiqin,twoofChinastoptabletennisplayers,bothsawtheWorldTableTennisChampionshipsasachancetoprovethemselves.Buttherewasonlyonechampion(冠軍)andWangHao,25,wonitlastTuesdayinYokohama,Japan.
WangHao,whowonthemensdoublestitlewithChenQilastMonday,playedwithspirittobeatWangLiqin11-9,13-11,11-5,11-9.
WangHaosaiditwashismentaltoughness(心理穩(wěn)定)thatmadethedifference."IwasdisappointedbymyperformancesinpastchampionshipsandthelasttwoOlympicGames.ButIhavetriedtopullmyselftogetherandpreparedwell.Thisistheresult."
WangHaosaidhehasalwaysunderstoodtheimportanceofphysicaltrainingandtechnicalskills.Nowheknowstheneedformentalpreparationaswell.HavingtwoOlympicsilvershadlefthimfeelingbitter(痛苦的).Thebitternessperhapsexplainswhyhehasnotalwaysplayedathisbestinthepast.
"Ivecometounderstandthatyoucanlearnimportantlessonsfromfailure,"hesaid."Losingcanbuildyourcharacterandmakeyouastrongerplayer."Hisnextgoal,ordream,istowinthegoldmedalattheLondonOlympicsin2012.
LiuGuoliang,headcoachofChinastabletennisteam,sangthepraisesofWangHaosvictory."Thisisjustthebeginningofhisrise,"saidLiu."Itstheconfidence-boosterheneedstomakefurtherprogress."
1.Accordingtothepassage,WangHaowon_____goldmedalsintheWorldTableTennisChampionshipsinYokohama,Japan.
A.onlyoneB.twoC.threeD.four
2.FromWangHao,wecanknowthemainreasonforhisbeatingWangLiqinis______.
A.histechnicalskillsB.hisphysicaltraining
C.hismentaltoughnessD.hispastexperience
3.WhatisthenextgoalofWangHao?
A.Towinthetitleofthechampionatthe2012Olympics
B.TobeatWangLiqinagain
C.Toprovehimselfinthefuturecompetitions
D.Towinmoregoldsinfuture
4.WhatcanwelearnfromWangHao?
A.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.
B.Nevergiveupuntilyousucceed.
C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
D.Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.
參考答案及解析：
1.典型錯誤A.錯因分析沒有全面地閱讀文章，以點代面了。
細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第一段和第二段可知。此類題可以帶著問題在文中采用查讀法尋找答案。
本題的正確選項為B.
2．典型錯誤A或B或是D。錯因分析是沒有抓住細節(jié)理解題的重點，審題不細。因為題干中有一個mainly.
細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段中的第一句話可知。對于細節(jié)理解題的選項的選擇，一定要理解題干，并防止以次代主。
本題的正確選項為C。
3．典型錯誤D.錯因分析審題不清，D項也許是WangHao的遠期目標，但是題干是thenextgoal。
細節(jié)理解題。根據文章倒數第二段中的“Hisnextgoal,ordream,istowinthegoldmedalattheLondonOlympicsin2012.”可知。注意審題。
本題的正確選項為A。
4．典型錯誤B或C.錯因分析在于學生對文章的理解不透徹。
推理判斷題。根據文章倒數第二段可知。推理判斷題要認真研讀文章，根據文章中的內容來進行推理判斷。
本題的正確選項為A。

DearHamilton,
Wearefortunatethatinsuchalarge,high-pressureofficeweallgetalongsowell.Youareoneofthepeoplewhokeepthesocialtemperatureatsuchacomfortablesetting.Idon’tknowanyoneintheofficewhoisbetterlikedthanyou.
Youcanperhapshelpwiththis.Thecollectionofcontributionstowardsgiftsforemployees’personal-lifeeventsisbecomingalittletroubling.Certainly,thegroupsendingofagiftisreasonablenowandthen.Inthepastmonth,however,therehavebeencollectionsfortwobabyshowergifts,oneweddingshowergift,twoweddinggifts,onefuneral（葬禮）remembrance,fourbirthdaygifts,andthreegraduationgifts.
It’snotonlythecollected-fromwhoaregrowinguncomfortable(andpoor),butthecollected-forfeeluneasyreceivinggiftsfrompeoplewhodon’tknowthemoutsidetheoffice,whowouldn’tevenrecognizetheirgraduatingchildren,theirmarryingdaughtersandsons,ortheirdeadrelatives.
Thisisbasicallyakindgesture(andonethatpeoplethinkwellofyoufor),butthepracticeseemstohavebecometoowide-rangingandfeelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.
Thankyouforunderstanding.
63.Theunderlinedword“contributions”probablymeans________.
A.moneyB.suggestionsC.reportsD.understanding
64.Hamiltonisexpectedto_______.
A.showmorekindness.
B.discontinuethepresentpractice
C.quitbeingtheorganizerforgiftgiving
D.knowmoreaboutco-workers’families
65.Thisisbasicallyaletterof________.
A.apologyB.sympathyC.appreciationD.dissatisfaction
參考答案
63.典型錯誤D.錯因分析釋不達意，胡亂猜測.
　本題考查詞義猜測.對于詞義的猜測可以有許多的方法,常見的方法是根據上下文所舉例子來猜測.本題就是根據文中的Inthepastmonth,however,therehavebeencollectionsfortwobabyshowergifts,oneweddingshowergift,twoweddinggifts,onefuneral（葬禮）remembrance,fourbirthdaygifts,andthreegraduationgifts.可猜測出contributions的意思為”禮金,份子”.
本題的正確選項為A.
64.典型錯誤A.錯因分析無視主題，以點帶面.
本題考查細節(jié)推測題.對于細節(jié)推測的理解要以文章的中心為依據并根據文章中的具體信息來推測,做到有根據的選答案,并且信息點一定要找準,防止張冠李戴.本題選擇依據為倒數第二段中的”butthepracticeseemstohavebecometoowide-rangingandfeelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.”
本題的正確選項為B.
65.典型錯誤C.錯因分析無視主題，以點帶面.
本題考查主旨大意.這類問題屬于全局性問題。要做好這類問題必須找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在閱讀材料的開頭和結尾，放在觀點性、歸納性和概括性的句子上，放在被許多句子說明和證實的句子上。并注意由insummary,inaword,asaresult,finally,inshort,inconclusion和inbrief等“信號詞”引導的句子。本題的答案依據為feelsimproperintoday’sofficesetting.,以及最后一句話,因此答案為D項.
本題的正確選項為D.

Haveyoueverusedsolarenergytoboilabottleofwaterortakeashower?Haveyoueverthoughtthatsolarenergyisfarawayfromourdailylives?Youmaydoubtaboutthat.InJapan,thereisawonderfulprogramofSolarCity.
SolarCityislocated80,000metersnorthwestofTokyo,amongthestrawberryfields.ThisisoneofJapan’ssunniestplaces.SolarCitycoversabout410,000squaremetres.Seventy-fivepercentofthehomestherearecoveredbysolarpanels.Thegovernmenthasprovidedpeopletherewiththesolarpanelsforfree.Inaddition,thegovernmenthaspaid9.7billionyentostudyhowtomakefulluseofsolarenergy.Anumberofsolarenergycompanieshavealsogivenmoneytohelpthisprogram.
PeoplelivinginSolarCitythinkusingsolarpanelsisagoodwaytosavemoney.However,savingmoneyisnottheonlyreasonwhypeoplearemovingintothiscity."Wemovedherebecauseofthepanels.Itwassomethingwewanted,”saidMikaHiroshima.ShemovedtoSolarCitywithherhusbandandtwolittlechildrenaboutfouryearsago.
ItiswellknownthatJapanisacountrythatisshortofenergy,buttheSolarCityprogramhasbroughthopeforthecountry."Peoplewantsolarenergy,”saidanofficialofSolarCity.ActuallyinSolarCity,thereare550familiesmakinguseofsolarenergyatthemoment.Allofthemsaythattheywanttokeepusingsolarenergyevenaftertheprogramendsin2010.Insunnydays,solarpanelsareabletoprovidemorethanenoughenergyforanormalfamily.However,thesolarpanelsarenotthatusefulincloudydays.Despitethis,SolarCityisstillawonderfulprogrambecauseitinspirespeopletowiselyusethelimitedenergy.
1.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.
A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutsolarenergy
B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopic
C.learnthesituationthatsolarenergyisused
D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem
2.Thethirdparagraphofthepassageismainlyabout______.
A.thereasonwhypeoplearemovingintoSolarCity
B.howthepeoplearelivinginSolarCity
C.thethingsthatpeoplelivinginSolarCityneed
D.thelifeexperiencefromthepeoplelivinginSolarCity
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.
A.Japanisacountrywhichislackinginenergy
B.thesolarpanelsareonlyusefulinsunnydays
C.theSolarCityprogramwillbesuccessful
D.SolarCityisaverymodernbigcity
參考答案及解析：
1．典型錯誤A.錯因分析：信息錯位，張冠李戴。題干是考查文章開頭的寫作目的，而非全篇的寫作目的。
寫作目的題。作者在文章開頭提出問題讓讀者思考，或是簡單介紹與主題有關的其他事物，目的往往是為了引出主題,故選B。
本題的正確選項為B。
2．典型錯誤B.錯因分析是沒有抓住文章段落的主題。
主旨大意題。從本段來看，第一句話說出，生活在太陽城使用太陽電池板省錢。第二句話說出了，生活在太陽城不僅是為了省錢，還為了太陽電池板。因此，可知答案為A。考查文章的段落大意，此時要注意段落的主題句，可位于段首，段尾或段落的中間，也有的要從段中自己提取的。
本題的正確選項為A。
3．典型錯誤A或B.錯因分析是沒有掌握試題的特點，推理判斷題要從文中進行推斷，而不是文中的原話。
推理判斷題。根據文章的最后一段中的“Allofthemsaythattheywanttokeepusingsolarenergyevenaftertheprogramendsin2010.”可知。此項目的目的達到了。因此，C項正確。D項，可根據文中的“SolarCitycoversabout410,000squaremetres.”知，SolarCity并不是一個大城市。A、B兩項是文中的事實，而非推理。推理判斷題分為簡單推理和復雜推理。所謂簡單推理就是以表面文字為前提，以具體事實為依據進行推理，做出判斷。這種推理方式比較直接，只要弄清事實，即可結合常識推斷出合理的結論。而復雜推理就是不但要以文字為依據，而且還要以文章的語境、內涵為前提。這是一種間接而復雜的邏輯推理方式。考生要推斷出文章沒有表明但又合乎邏輯的推理，就必須由表及里地歸納或演繹。
本題的正確選項為C。

Peoplebelievesthatclimbingcandogoodtohealth.Wherecanyoulearntheskillofclimbingthen?Ifyouthinkthatyouhavetogotothemountainstolearnhowtoclimb,you’rewrong.ManyAmericansarelearningtoclimbincitygyms(體育館).Here,peoplearelearningonclimbing.Theclimbingwallgoesstraightupandsmallholdingplacesforhandsandfeet.
Howdopeopleclimbthewall?Toclimb,youneedspecialshoesand(保護帶)aroundyourchesttoholdyou.Thereareropes(繩索)tiedtoyour.Theropesholdyouinplacesothatyoudon’tfall.Abeginner’swallisusuallyabout15feethigh,andyouclimbstraightup.Therearesmallpiecesofmetalthatstickoutforyoutostandonandholdonto.Sometimesit’seasytoseethenewpieceofmetal.Sometimes,it’snot.Themostdifficultisanyourfear.It’snormalforhumanstobeafraidoffalling,soit’sdifficultnottofeelfear.Butwhenyoumoveawayfromthewall,theandtheropesholdyou,andyoubegintofeelsafe.Youmoveslowlyuntilyoureachthetop.
Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.Youuseyourwholebody,especiallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.
64.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?
A.Peoplearefairlyinterestedinclimbingnowadays.
B.Itisimpossibletobuildupone’sbodybyclimbing.
C.Peoplecanonlylearntheskillofclimbingoutdoors.
D.Itisalwayseasytoseeholdingplacesinclimbing.
65.Themostdifficultthingtodoinwallclimbingis_______.
A.totieropestoyourB.tocontrolyourfear
C.tomoveawayfromthewallD.toclimbstraightup
66.Theword“workout”underlinedinthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans_________.
A.settlementB.exerciseC.excitementD.tiredness
67.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?
A.Totellpeoplewheretofindgyms.B.Toprovethebasicneedforclimbing
C.Toencouragepeopletoclimbmountains.D.introducethesportofwallclimbing

參考答案及解析：
64.典型錯誤D.錯因分析片面理解，沒有從全文的角度去看問題。
　推理判斷題.在解答推理性問題時，應清楚所要解答的問題是針對某個細節(jié)進行推斷，還是針對主題思想、作者的意圖進行推斷。本題屬于從文章的主題進行的推論，因此從文章的第一段,第三段的首句可容易推知答案.
本題的正確選項為A.
65.典型錯誤D.錯因分析是脫離文章，而主觀判斷試題的答案。
　細節(jié)理解題.從第二段倒數第三句”It’snormalforhumanstobeafraidoffalling,soit’sdifficultnottofeelfear.”可知答案.細節(jié)理解題可通過查讀法進行理解，是高考閱讀題中較簡單的題型，但是答案的依據一定要忠實于原文。
本題的正確選項為B.
66.典型錯誤A.錯因分析是脫離上下文，而采用了構詞法來猜測生詞的意思，因為workout意為“解決”，所以學生們會誤以為workout的意思為A。
　詞義猜測題.根據“Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.”與”Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.”可知workout與exercise同義,表示”鍛煉”.詞義猜測時可以根據構詞法來進行，但是也要符合上下文的語境。
本題的正確選項為B.
67.典型錯誤B.錯因分析沒有掌握作意圖判斷題的方法，以偏代全。
　意圖判斷題.意圖判斷題分具體內容的寫作意圖和篇章內容的寫作意圖，因此在答題要分析題干，如果文章的寫作意圖，就要結合文章的主旨來判斷。本題就是結合全文可知,作者的寫作意圖旨在介紹室內攀巖運動.
本題的正確選項為D.

Theonlysurvivorofashipwreckwaswasheduponasmall,uninhabitedisland.HeprayedfeverishlyforGodtorescuehim,andeverydayhescannedthehorizonforhelp,butnoneseemedforthcoming.
Exhausted,heeventuallymanagedtobuildalittlehutoutofdriftwoodtoprotecthimfromtheelements,andtostorehisfewpossessions.Butthenoneday,afterlookingforfood,hearrivedhometofindhislittlehutinflames,thesmokerollinguptothesky.
Theworsthadhappened;everythingwaslost.
Hewasstunnedwithgriefandanger."Godhowcouldyoudothistome!"hecried.
Earlythenextday,however,hewasawakenedbythesoundofashipthatwasapproachingtheisland.Ithadcometorescuehim."HowdidyouknowIwashere?"askedthewearymanofhisrescuers."Wesawyoursmokesignal,"theyreplied.
Itiseasytogetdiscouragedwhenthingsaregoingbad.
Butweshouldntloseheart,becauseGodisatworkinourlives,eveninthemidstofpainandsuffering.
Remember,nexttimeyourlittlehutisburningtothegrounditjustmaybeasmokesignalthatsummonsthegraceofGod.
Forallthenegativethingswehavetosaytoourselves,Godhasapositiveanswerforit.
1．Thepropertitleofthepassageis.
A．GodIsWhereverWeNeedHim
B．WeshouldhaveaPositiveAttitudetoLife
C．AStoryHappenedonAnUninhabitedIsland
D．ASurvivorWasHowtoBeSaved
2．Afterthesurvivorseeinghishutburningtotheground,he_________.
A．wasveryangryandfrightenedanddidn’tsleep
B．wasverysadanddisappointedanddidn’tsleep
C．wassoangryandsadthathesleptwithoutconsciousness
D．wassosurprisedthathesleptwithoutconsciousness
3．Fromthestorywecaninfer_______.
A．thatthesurvivorwasaluckydog
B．Godisakindandconsiderableoldman
C．Godiswillingtohelpanyonewhohelpsoneself
D．Youarewhatyoueat
4.Themeaningoftheunderlinedpart“asmokesignalthatsummonsthegraceofGod”maybe___.
A．asmokesignalthatshowsGod’sidea
B．apieceofinformationthatGodsendsouttoinformrescuers.
C．anorderthatGodgivestopunishthemanwhoisintrouble
D．asignalthatshowsGod’skindnesstohelpthemanintrouble
參考答案及解析：
1．典型錯誤A.錯因分析：沒有考慮到文章的主題。
選擇適合的文章標題。從全文來看，C項比較全面，且能概括文章的內容。選擇文章的標題屬于主旨大意題。要在通讀全文的基礎上，認真分析主人公的特定心態(tài)、文章大意及作者的寫作意圖，在此基礎上還要做到概括性、針對性、醒目性的有機結合。
本題的正確選項為C。
2．典型錯誤D.錯因分析對于文章的細節(jié)處理解不到位。
細節(jié)理解題。根據文章中的“Hewasstunnedwithgriefandanger."Godhowcouldyoudothistome!"hecried.”可知。在做細節(jié)理解題時，一定要回到原文中找出與答題內容相關的詞語和句子，在理解原文的基礎上選擇答案，找到關鍵詞后最好在下面劃線，以便檢查。
本題的正確選項為C.
3．典型錯誤C.錯因分析：片面理解文章，以致于得出錯誤的結論。
推理判斷題。從文章開頭我們知道，這位主人公是一位失船事故的幸存者，并且文章的最后我們可以看出因意外的茅屋失火，他卻意想不到的得救。因此，可知主人公是一位幸運兒。推理判斷題要忠于原意，以文章提供的事實和線索想象，隨意想象，更不能己自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。
本題的正確選項為A。
4．典型錯誤A.錯因分析：釋不達意，胡亂猜測
句意的解釋。grace意為“恩澤”；summon意為“傳喚”；本句話的意思為“傳喚上帝恩澤的一個煙信號”。因此，可知D項更符合句意。句子的解釋是最近幾年來高考新出現的題型，要根據上下文來推測。
本題的正確選項為D.

高考英語難點37講--難點25依賴語境的詞義猜測題

一位優(yōu)秀的教師不打無準備之仗，會提前做好準備，高中教師要準備好教案，這是高中教師需要精心準備的。教案可以讓學生更好的吸收課堂上所講的知識點，幫助授課經驗少的高中教師教學。優(yōu)秀有創(chuàng)意的高中教案要怎樣寫呢？小編經過搜集和處理，為您提供高考英語難點37講--難點25依賴語境的詞義猜測題，希望對您的工作和生活有所幫助。

高考英語難點37講--難點25依賴語境的詞義猜測題
猜測詞義題要求學生根據以往所學知識，對上下文的理解及自身的生活經驗等猜測生詞意義或僅從字面無法確認其意義的短語的準確含義，是閱讀理解題中的難點。
●難點磁場
1.()MentalhealthcareinChinahasdramaticallyimprovedoverthelast10years,accordingtoexperts.
IncreasingnumbersofurbanChinesearetodayseekingcounsellingonawiderangeofissuesrelatedtomentalhealth.
“Wereceivemorethan120visitorsadayrightnow—20percentupoverthatof1998,”saidZhangHaiyin,chiefdoctorwiththeShanghaiMentalHealthCentre.Tenyearsago,thecentrereceived70to80visitorsaweek.
Toaccommodatethegrowingnumberofpatients,theclinichashadtoextenditsservicefromfivedaystosevendaysaweek.
Mostofthecounsellingfocusesonproblemstodowitheducation,employment,familylife,relationshipsaswellasmentaldistress,troubleandinsomnia.White-collarworkersarethemajorrecipientsofcounselling,accountingfor30percentoftotalpatients,saidZhang.
“ThegrowingvisitsindicateChinesepeoplepaymoreattentiontotheirqualityoflife.Theyhaveabetterunderstandingthatmentalhealthisasimprotantasphysicalwell-being.”
ChenZhigang,anemployeeofaforeign-fundedconsultingfirminBeijing,feltdepressedandwasencouragedbyfriendstoseekmentalhealthcounselling.Thedoctorfoundhewassufferingasaresultofworkplacepressureandcompetition.Afterseveralmonthsoftreatment,hewasbacktofullhealth.
“Mentalhealthcounsellinghelpedreducemypressure,”saidChen.
Butmanypeoplearestillreluctanttousecounsellingservices.ZhuChengyi,arailwayworkerfromShanghai,isunwillingtoseekhelp.
“Iwillnotgoforit.Itistooembarrassingforme,”saidZhu.“HowcanItellmycolleaguesandfamilythatIamseekingmentalhealthcounselling?TheywouldthinkIwascrazy.”
ZhangsaidalackofinformationaboutmentalhealthcarepreventedthegrownofservicesinChina.
Hesaidastandardizedtrainingsystemwasrequiredtomakesureallmentalhealthdoctorswereproperlytrained.
“InWesterncountries,mentalhealthcounsellinghasawiderangeofmethodsforconsultationandtreatment.Weneedtoimproveourtrainingtoupgradeourservices.”
Question:1.Theunderlinedword“extend”inParagraph4means________.
A.payattentiontoB.feellikedoing
C.enlargeandlengthenD.reduce
2.()ProfessorReasonrecentlypersuaded35peopletokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsfortwoweeks.Whenhecametoanalysetheirembarrassingerrors,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroups.
Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherpetdogcerear-ringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonhercar.“Theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“Peopleprogrammethemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherear-rings.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversed(顛倒)intheprogramme.”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“Programmeassemblyfailure.”
Twentypercentofallerrorswere“testfailures”—primarilyduetonotverifyingtheprogressofwhatabodywasdoing.Amanabouttogethiscaroutofthegaragepassedthroughthebackyardwherehisgardenjacketandbootswerekept,putthemon—muchtohissurprise.Awomanvictimreported:“Igotintothebathwithmysockson.”
Thecommonestproblemwasinformation“storagefailures”.Peopleforgotthenamesofpeoplewhosefacestheyknew,wentintoaroomandforgotwhytheywerethere,mislaidsomething,orsmokedacigarettewithoutrealizingit.
Theresearchsofarsuggeststhatwhilethe“centralprocessor”ofthebrainisliberatedfromsecond-to-secondcontrolofawell-practisedroutine,itmustrepeatedlyswitchbackitsattentionatimportantdecisionpointstocheckthattheactiongoesonasintended.Otherwisetheactivitymaybe“captured”byanotherfrequentlyandrecentlyusedprogramme,resultinginembarrassingerrors.
Questions:2.Theword“verifying”inParagraph3canbereplacedby________.
A.improvingB.changing
C.checkingD.stopping
3.Accordingtothepassage,theinformation“storagefailures”referto________.
A.thedestructionofinformationcollectingsystem
B.theeliminationofone’stotalmemory
C.thetemporarylossofpartofone’smemory
D.theseparationofone’sactionfromconsciousness
3.()OneofthegreatestkillersintheWesternworldisheartdisease.Thedeathrate(率)fromthediseasehasbeenincreasingatanalarmingspeedforthepastthirtyyears.TodayinBritain,forexample,aboutfourhundredpeopleadaydieofheartdisease.Medicalexpertsknowthatpeoplecanreducetheirchancesofgettingheartdiseasebyexercisingregularly,bynotsmoking,bychangingtheirdiets,andbypayingmoreattentiontoreducingstress(壓力)intheirwork.
However,Westernhealth-caresystemsarestillnotpayingenoughattentiontothepreventionofthedisease.Thereisaneedformoreprogramstoeducatethepublicaboutthecausesandpreventionofheartdisease.Insteadofsupportingsuchprograms,however,theU.S.health-caresystemisspendinglargesumsofmoneyonthesurgical(外科的)treatmentofthediseaseafteritdevelops.Thisemphasis(強調)ontreatmentclearlyhassomethingtodowiththetechnologicaladvancesthathavetakenplaceinthepasttentofifteenyears.Inthistime,moderntechnologyhasenableddoctorstodevelopnewsurgicaltechniques.Manyoperationsthatwereconsideredimpossibleortoorisky(有風險的)afewyearsagoarenowperformedeverydayinU.S.hospitals.Theresulthasbeenahugeincreaseinheartsurgery.
Althoughthereisnodoubtthatheartsurgerycanhelpalargenumberofpeople,somepeoplepointoutthattheemphasisonthesurgicaltreatmentofthediseasehasthreecleardisadvantages.First,itattractsinterestandmoneyawayfromthequestionofprevention.Second,itcausesthecostsofgeneralhospitalcaretorise.Afterhospitalsbuytheexpensiveequipmentthatisnecessaryformodernheartsurgery,theymusttrytorecoverthemoneytheyhavespent.Todothis,theyraisecostsforalltheirpatients,notjustthosepatientswhosetreatmentrequirestheequipment.Thethirddisadvantageisthatdoctorsareencouragedtoperformsurgery-evenonpatientsforwhomanoperationisunnecessary—becausetheequipmentandexpertskillsarethere.Agovernmentofficerecentlystatedthatmajorheartsurgerywasoftenperformedeventhoughitschancesofsuccesswerelow.Inonetypeofheartsurgery,forexample,only15percentofpatientimprovedtheirconditionsafterthesurgery.However,morethan100000oftheseoperationsareperformedintheUnitedStateseveryyear.
Question:4.“Todothis”(inParagraph3)means________.
A.tohelppatientsrecover
B.toincreasethenumberofheartsurgeries
C.togetbackthemoneyspentontheequipment
D.tobuynewequipmentforthetreatmentofheartdisease
4.()Someofthebest-knownnamesintheentertainmentindustryhavetakenpartinanunprecedentedtelethontohelpvictimsoftheterroristattacksintheUnitedStates.
Thebenefit(義演）,called“America:aTributetoHeroes,”wassponsoredbyallfourmajorU.S.televisionnetworks,ABC,CBS,FOXandNBC.Itwasbroadcastbythree-dozentelevision,cableandradionetworksacrossthecountryandairedlivetomorethanahundredcountriesaroundtheworld.
HollywoodstarsjoinedmusicentertainersinaskinglistenersandviewerstopledgecashdonationstocharitieshelpingthevictimsoftheSeptember11thattacks.
Actors,includingTomHanks,JuliaRoberts,TomCruiseandClintEastwood,toldstoriesofheroicactsbypeoplewhotriedtosaveothersfromtheburningWorldTradeCenterandthePentagon.FormerheavyweightchampionMuhammadAlimadeararepublicappearanceinashowofsupport.
TheappealsalternatedwithperformancesbysuchpopularentertainersasBruceSpringsteen,MariahCarey,StevieWonder,PaulSimonandtherockbandU—2.
TheyappearedonstagesinNewYork,LosAngelesandLondon,decoratedwithhundredsofburningcandles.
SingerBillyJoelsang“NewYorkStateofMind”withaNewYorkCityfirefighter’shatonhispiano.Stingdedicatedhissong“Fragile”toafriendwhodiedintheWorldTradeCenter.StevieWondercondemnedhatresinthenameofreligionbeforesinginghissong“Love’sinNeedofLoveToday”.Pledgephonesweremannedbydozensofothercelebrities,includingJackNicholson,MegRyan,WhoopieGoldberg,CindyCrawford,AlPacinoandSylvesterStallone.
Organizerssaythetwo-hourtelethonraisedmillionsofdollars.Allparticipants,fromstarstostagehands,workedwithoutpay.
Question:5.Theunderlinedword“telethon”mostprobablymeans________.
A.aperformancetoraisemoney
B.aconcertheldbysometelevisionnetworks
C.atelevisionprogramwhichlastsalongtime
D.atelevisionprogramforentertainment
●案例探究
1.Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.
“Havingapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,andoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn’thavetobethatway,”saidAnaclerio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinaBasket”.Theirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,whiletheytakecareofeverything.
Drawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated(制作)10ready-to-use,homepartypackages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothehomeinalargebasket.
“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosaid,“andthey’reveryinteractive(互動)andcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.Forexample,attheSodaShoppepartytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations.”
Thestandard＄200packageforeightchildrenincludesabasketfilledwithinvitation,gifts,gamesandprizes,papergoods,apartyplannerandthelike.Formoreinformation,callAnaclerioat708-864-6584orCarlisleat708-205-9141.
Question:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(Paragraph1)probablymean?
A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthought
C.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests
命題意圖：本題考查學生通過上下文猜測詞義的能力，實際上也是考查學生的推理判斷能力。屬五星級題目。
錯解分析：本題錯解的原因主要是反義詞領會不準確。
解題方法與技巧：（1）通讀全文，抓文章大意，可知文章旨在推薦一種homeparty-planningbusiness，其目的在于幫助父母及孩子籌辦家庭晚會，從而把此工作化麻煩為樂趣。（2）仔細觀察首段文字，“doesn’thavetobeahassle”和“canbeabasketoffun”互為反義，故可以推出答案。
答案：C
2.LONDON(Reuters)—Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGoldprefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.
“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(農藥),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported(進口)tomeetgrowingdemand.“Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfast-growingmarket,”saidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.
Question:Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?
A.growinginterestinorganicfoodB.betterqualityoforganicfood
C.risingmarketfororganicfoodD.higherpricesoforganicfood
命題意圖：考查學生通過推理判斷來猜測詞義的能力。屬五星級題目。
錯解分析：本題錯解的原因主要在于太孤立地看待相關語句，沒能把上下文串起來。
解題方法與技巧：（1）通讀全文，了解全文大意：越來越多的人熱衷于有機食品。
（2）聯系上下文。由第一段“That(即Organicfruit)iswhatGabrielGoldprefers”,第二段“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,Goldsaid.”可知Gold對Organicfood深感興趣，再根據“Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehim”，可知Gold是越來越多的喜愛Organicfood的購物者中的一員，而且全英國的超級市場也正依賴（counton）越來越多的像他這樣的人（來賺錢）。因此可得出答案。
答案：A
●錦囊妙計
1.通讀全文，領會大意。
2.對上下文進行邏輯推理。
3.利用同義詞、反義詞、近義詞、構詞法（派生、合成、轉化）等推測詞義。
4.依靠自己的生活常識和社會經驗進行判斷。
●殲滅難點訓練
A
Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeensearchingforsignsoflifeonotherplanets.Mostofthesesearcheshavebeendoneovertheradio.Thehopeisthatsomeoneinouterspacemaybetryingtogetintouchwithus.Scientistsalsohavesentradioandtelevisionmessagesonspaceshipstravelingthroughspace,onthechancethatsomeonemaybereceptivetosuchmessages.
Scientistsareusingpowerfulradiotelescopestolistentosignalsfromabout1000stars,allwithin100lightyearsofEarth.Inaddition,theywillscan(掃視）theentireskyto“l(fā)isten”forradiomessagesfrommoredistantstars.Usingacomputer,theywillbeabletomonitormorethaneightchannelsatonetime.Scientistsarelookingforanysignalthatstandsoutfromthebackgroundnoise.
Ofthe200billionstarsintheMilkyWaygalaxy（銀河星系）,scientistsfindthatfivepercentarelikeoursun.PerhapshalfofthemhaveaplanetlikeEarth.Suchaplanetwouldbeareasonabledistancefromthestarfortemperaturestoberightfortheevolution(進化）oflife.Basedontheinhabitable(thatcanbelivedin)planetsinourgalaxy,mostscientistsagreethatchancesarelikelythatoneormoreoftheseplanetssupportsomelife.
However,manyscientistswonderwhetherintelligent(有智力的）lifeexistsonotherplanets.Somebelievethattwentyyearsofsearchingwithoutanyintelligiblemessagesshowsthatnooneisoutthere.Theysaythattheevolutionofintelligencecomparabletooursisunlikely.
Otherscientistsbelievethatoursearchhasn’tbeenlongenoughtoruleoutthepossibilitythatintelligentlifeexistsinourgalaxy.Althoughoursunfamilyisonlyaboutfivebillionyearsold,ourgalaxyisabout20billionyearsold.Inthattime,somescientiststhinkitislikelythatcivilization(文明）muchmoreadvancedthanourshavedeveloped.Perhapsthesecivilizationssendusnosignals;perhapswehavenotrecognizedthesignalstheyhavesentus.Ifwehopetofindintelligentlife,thesescientistsbelievethatwehavetokeeplooking.
1.()Theunderlinedword“monitor”inthepassagemeans“________”.
A.findB.follow
C.checkD.form
B
Internetshoppingisanewwayofshopping.Younolongerneedtowalkroundhundredsofshopslookingfortheitemsyouneed.Nowadays,youcanshopforjustaboutanythingfromyourarmchair.AllyouneedisacomputerwhichislinkedtotheInternet.ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular.IntheUnitedStates,50percentoffamilieshavecomputersathomeandalmostonethirdarelinkedtotheInternet.AmericansspentoverUS＄2.5billiononInternetshoppingin1998.ThisfigureisexpectedtoreachUS＄11billionbytheyear2004.
PeoplecanshopforavarietyofproductsontheInternet.Physicalproductsincludethingssuchasbooks,CDs,clothesandfood.Thesetypesofproductsarethemostcommonpurchases(購入品)throughtheInternet.Youcanalsobuyinformationproductssuchason-linenewsormagazinestories,oryoucandownloadcomputersoftwarethroughtheInternet.Servicessuchasbookingairlinetickets,reserving(預定）hotelsorrentingcarsarealsoavailable(可得到的)ontheInternet.YoucanalsogoshoppingontheInternetforentertainmentservicesandtakepartinon-linegamesore-mail“chats”.
2.()Thephrase“physicalproducts”inthesecondparagraphmeansthings_____.
A.thatcanbeseenorfeltB.usefulforhealthcare
C.thathelpyoukeepfitD.connectedwithsports
C
TERNANG，Mon—Morethan10000peopleweremadehomelessinTernangwhentheSungaiMasoverfloweditsbanksyesterdayaftersixdaysofcontinuousheavyrain.
Floodingfirstappearedatmid-afternoonyesterdayalongtheriverbanks.Peoplestragglinghighergroundwerejustintimetogetawayfromthedestroyoftheflood.Mostofthefloodvictimshadtoleavetheirpossessionsbehind.
Thefloodvictimsarenowhousedinvariousmake-shiftreliefcentersinthenearbytownofTulang.
“Everythingpossibleisbeingdonetohelptheunfortunatepeople.”Agovernmentspokesmansaid,“Infact,money,foodandclothinghavebeguntocomeinfrompublic-spiritedorganizationsandgenerouspersons.”
AccordingtolatestreportsitisstillrainingheavilyatTernang.Thewholetownisexpectedtobetotallycoveredbywater.Sofarnocasualtyhasbeenreported.
3.()Theword“casualty”inthelastsentencemeans________.
A.thehousethatisbeingbuilt
B.themoneythatisgiventothevictims
C.thepersonkilledorinjuredinanaccident
D.thethingslostintheflood
D
Ifwomenareexploited(剝削)yearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheyshakeatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion(時髦),theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores.Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Whenyoucometothinkofit,onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobe(衣柜)packedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.
Changingfashionsarenothingmorethanthecreationofwasteonpurpose.Manywomenspendvastsumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimechangingthedressestheyhave.Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck-linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.
Noonecandeclarethatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersareseldomconcernedwithimportantthingslikewarmth,comfortanddurability(耐用).Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright.Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,orpickingherawaythroughdeepsnowinhigh-heeledshoes.
Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes,onewonders,showbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability(不穩(wěn)定性)?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners.Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressshowbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability?Thatisforyoutodecide.
4.()Bysaying“theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious”,thewritermeansthat______.
A.women’sinconstancyintheirchoiceofclothingisoftenlaughedat
B.womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort
C.menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners
D.menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion
E
Ihadappliedforthenuclearsubmarine(潛艇)program,andAdmiralRickoverwasinterviewingmeforthejob.ItwasthefirsttimeImetAdmiralRickover,andwesatinalargeroombyourselvesformorethantwohours,andheletmechooseanysubjectsIwishedtodiscuss.Verycarefully,IchosethoseaboutwhichIknewmostatthetime—currentevents,seamanship,music,literature,
navaltactics,electronics,gunnery—andhebegantoaskmeaseriesofquestionsofincreasingdifficulty.Ineachinstance,hesoonprovedthatIknewrelativelylittleaboutthesubjectsIhadchosen.
Healwayslookedrightintomyeyes,andheneversmiled.Iwassaturatedwithcoldsweat.
Finally,heaskedmeaquestionandIthoughtIcouldrecovermyself.Hesaid,“HowdidyoustandinyourclassatGeorgiaTechbeforeenteringAnnapolisasafirstyearstudent?”Ihaddoneverywell,andIswelledmychestwithprideandanswered,“Sir,Istoodfifty-ninthinaclassof820!”Isatbacktowaitforthecongratulations—whichnevercame.Instead,thequestion:“Didyoudoyourbest?”Istartedtosay,“Yes,sir,”butIrememberedwhothiswas,andrecalledseveralofmytimesattheAcademywhenIcouldhavelearnedmoreaboutourallies（二戰(zhàn)時的同盟國）,ourenemies,weaponsstrategy,andsoforth.Iwasjusthuman.Ifinallygulpedandsaid,“No.Sir,Ididn’talwaysdomybest.”
Helookedatmeforalongtime,andthenturnedhischairaroundtoendtheinterview.Heaskedonefinalquestion,whichIhaveneverbeenabletoforget—ortoanswer.Hesaid,“Whynot?”Isatthereforawhile,shaken,andthenslowlylefttheroom.
5.()Theword“saturated”inthesecondparagraphmayprobablymean________.
A.satisfiedB.completelywet
C.shamefulD.separated
F
Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried.Butdomorevariousjobsleadtogreaterproductivity?Thereisevidencetosuggestthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworker’slifemoreenjoyable,itdoesnotactuallymakeshimworkharder.Asfarasincreasingproductivityisconcerned,thenvarietyisnotanimportantfactor.
Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportant,andthereisnodoubtthatthisistrue.Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachinerywhichmustbeusedinafixedway.Thuswhilefreedomofchoicemaybeimportant,thereisusuallyverylittlethatcanbedonetocreateit.
Anotherveryimportantconsiderationishoweachworkercontributestotheproductheismaking.Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonepartoftheproduct.Somecarfactoriesarenowexperimentingwithhavingmanysmallproductionlinesratherthanonelargeone,sothateachworkercontributesmoretotheproductionofthecarsonhisline.Itwouldseemthatnotonlyisdegreeoftheworkercontributionanimportantfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout.
Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?Theworkersthemselvescertainlythinkthisisimportant.Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoisboring.Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours.Perhapsifwesucceedinmakingtheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillneitherwantmoremoney,norwillshortenworkinghoursbesoimportanttothem.
6.()Inthearticle,theword“productivity”means________.
A.theactivityofproducingsomethingB.theproductionvolumeinatimeunit
C.theplanandthemethodofproductionD.boththequantityandqualityofaproduct
G
Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone’smistakes.Itisextremelyhardsometimestosayasimplethinglike“Iwaswrongaboutthat,”anditisevenhardertosay,“Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat.”
Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.HetoldmehehadbeenthemanagerofacertainstoreintheneighbourhoodwhereIgrewup,andheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons(inmanycountries,eggsaresoldbythedozenandareputincartons).Thenherelatedanincident(event,matter)andIbegantorememberunclearlytheincidenthewasdescribing.
Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime.Iwentintothestorewithmymothertodosomeshopping.Onthatparticularday,Imusthavefoundmywaytothefooddepartmentwheretheincidenttookplace.
Theremusthavebeenaspecialsaleoneggsthatdaybecausetherewerelotsofeggsindozenandhalf-dozencartons.Thecartonswereputthreeorfourfeethigh.Imusthavestoppedinfrontofthepilesofeggcartons.Justthenawomancamebypushinghershoppingcartandknockedoffthecartons.Forsomereason,Idecideditwasuptometoputtheeggsbacktogether,soIwenttowork.
Themanagerheardthenoiseandcamerushingovertoseewhathadhappened.Whenheappeared,Iwasonmykneeslookingatsomeofthecartonstoseeifanyoftheeggswerebroken,buttohimitlookedasthoughIwastheonewhojustdidit.Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.Itriedtoexplain,butitdidnogood.EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,itisplainthatthemanagerdidnot.
7.()Theword“reprimanded”inthelastparagraphmostexactlymeans“________”.
A.frightenedB.scolded
C.warnedD.comforted
H
TonyBennett,theAmericansingerrecentlytouringBritain,can’trememberhowmanytimeshehassunghisstandardhit“ILeftMyHeartInSanFrancisco.”HesangitagaintohisaudienceattheLondonPalladiumlastnight.
“Inevergettiredofsingingit,”hesaid,“Ilikeittoomuch.It’sagreatcityandit’sagoodsong.”
BennettistorecordaTVspecialwithAmericansingerLenaHomewhileheishere.AndanewLPrecordedbyhiminLondonforPhilipstitled“ListenEasy”willbepublishedinJune.
“Ilikeithere,”headdedquietlyoverwhiskey.“Iwouldliketoliveheresomanymonthsoftheyear.”
HealreadykeepsalargeflatinGrosvenorSquare,whereheisstayingwithhisactresswifeSandieGrantandtheirthree-year-olddaughterJoanna.Ithasastudiowherehelikestopaint.Tonyplanstohavehisfirstexhibitionlaterintheyearandhehasalreadysoldonepicture＄4000.AttheendoftheyearTonyistostarinamusicalfilmwhichhasbeenspeciallywrittenforhimcalled“TwoBits,”aninformalexpressionfor50cents.It’saboutanItalianimmigrant(移民)whogoestoAmerica,buthebecomesafailure.
“Inmanywaysit’sveryclosetomylifethewaythestoryhasbeenwritten,”saidBennett.“Myfather,anItalian,wasillanddiedwhenIwasnine.Healwayswantedmetosing,butheneverlivedlongenoughtobeapartofmysuccess.”
ThefilmistobemadebyItaly’stopdirectorVittoriaDeSica.
8.()Thephrase“standardhit”mostnearlymeans________.
A.Bennett’sfavouritesongbutit’snotverypopular
B.asongthatisalwayspopular
C.asongwhichmakeshimstandard
D.asongwhichislikeaheavyblowtohisaudience