ThereisapopularstorythatNewtonwassittingunderanappletree,anapplefellonhishead,andhesuddenlythoughtoftheUniversalLawofGravitation.Asinallsuchlegends,thisisalmostcertainlynottrueinitsdetails,butthestorycontainselementsofwhatactuallyhappened.

WhatReallyHappenedwiththeApple?

ProbablythemorecorrectversionofthestoryisthatNewton,uponobservinganapplefallfromatree,begantothinkalongthefollowinglines:Theappleisaccelerated,sinceitsvelocitychangesfromzeroasitishangingonthetreeandmovestowardtheground.Thus,byNewtons2ndLawtheremustbeaforcethatactsontheappletocausethisacceleration.Letscallthisforce"gravity",andtheassociatedaccelerationthe"acclerationduetogravity".Thenimaginetheappletreeistwiceashigh.Again,weexpecttheappletobeacceleratedtowardtheground,sothissuggeststhatthisforcethatwecallgravityreachestothetopofthetallestappletree.SirIsaacsMostExcellentIdea

NowcameNewtonstrulybrilliantinsight:iftheforceofgravityreachestothetopofthehighesttree,mightitnotreachevenfurther;inparticular,mightitnotreachallthewaytotheorbitoftheMoon!Then,theorbitoftheMoonabouttheEarthcouldbeaconsequenceofthegravitationalforce,becausetheaccelerationduetogravitycouldchangethevelocityoftheMooninjustsuchawaythatitfollowedanorbitaroundtheearth.Thiscanbeillustratedwiththethoughtexperimentshowninthefollowingfigure.Supposewefireacannonhorizontallyfromahighmountain;theprojectilewilleventuallyfalltoearth,asindicatedbytheshortesttrajectoryinthefigure,becauseofthegravitationalforcedirectedtowardthecenteroftheEarthandtheassociatedacceleration.(Rememberthatanaccelerationisachangeinvelocityandthatvelocityisavector,soithasbothamagnitudeandadirection.Thus,anaccelerationoccursifeitherorboththemagnitudeandthedirectionofthevelocitychange.)

Butasweincreasethemuzzlevelocityforourimaginarycannon,theprojectilewilltravelfurtherandfurtherbeforereturningtoearth.Finally,Newtonreasonedthatifthecannonprojectedthecannonballwithexactlytherightvelocity,theprojectilewouldtravelcompletelyaroundtheEarth,alwaysfallinginthegravitationalfieldbutneverreachingtheEarth,whichiscurvingawayatthesameratethattheprojectilefalls.Thatis,thecannonballwouldhavebeenputintoorbitaroundtheEarth.NewtonconcludedthattheorbitoftheMoonwasofexactlythesamenature:theMooncontinuously"fell"initspatharoundtheEarthbecauseoftheaccelerationduetogravity,thusproducingitsorbit.Bysuchreasoning,NewtoncametotheconclusionthatanytwoobjectsintheUniverseexertgravitationalattractiononeachother,withtheforcehavingauniversalform:

TheconstantofproportionalityGisknownastheuniversalgravitationalconstant.Itistermeda"universalconstant"becauseitisthoughttobethesameatallplacesandalltimes,andthusuniversallycharacterizestheintrinsicstrengthofthegravitationalforce.

StepIIPresentation

T:DoyouremembertheconversationbetweenLiYanpingandProfessorWallis?

S1:Yes.

T:Weallknowthatspacewalkisdifficultanddangerous.Whatshouldanastronauttakewithhim?

S2:oxygencan.

S3:spacesuit.

S4:gravityboots.

S5:watersystem.

S6:specialfood.

S7:specialropes.T:Great!Doyouknowtheusageofthem?NowdiscussthemwithyourpartneraccordingtotheformonPage31.YoucanrefertoourlisteningmaterialonPage65.

WhenSsdiscuss.Teacherwalkaroundtheclassroomtogivethemsomehelp.StepIIISpeaking(Page31)

(Afterafewminutes.)T:Haveyoufinished?Nowspeakoneortwosentencesforeachequipmentyoushouldtake.Sa:Iwilltakewaterwithmeinmyspacesuitinordertowarmorcoolmeifit’stoocoldortoohot.

Sb:Iwilltakeoxygencanonmybackinordertohelpmebreatheoxygeninspace.Sc:I’llwearspacesuit.tcanprotectmefrommanydangers.Itcancarrymanynecessarythingsinoronit.

Sd:I’lltakespacebuggyinordertotravelonthemoon.

Se:I’lltakearopetotiemetothespaceship,orI’llflyaway.

Sf:I’lltakespecialfoodsothatIcaneateasily,becausethefoodwillfloatinspace.

Sg:I’llwearspecialsunglassesinordertoprotectmyeyes.

Sh:I’lltakespacecamerainordertotakephotos.

T:Wonderful!Anythingelse?

Si:I’llwearspacebootsinordertowalkthere.

T:Verygood.You’vedoneanexcellentjob!Doyouknowhowtofillintheformnow?

Ss:Yes.

T:Nowlookatthescreenandcheckyouranswer.

Sampleanswer:

Tokeepyoucool

Spaceshipwithwatertocoolyou

tohelpyoubreatheoxygen

Oxygentankstocarryonyourback

Clothesforexercise

spacesuit

Totravelonthemoon

Spacebuggy

Toprotectyourskin

Spacesuit

Tostopyouflyingoffintospace

Aropetotieyoutothespaceship

Tostopyourfoodfromfloatingaway

Spacefoodthatyoucaneatmoreeasily

Clothesforwalkingonthemoon

Spacesuit

Togiveshade

Sunglassesinyourspacesuithelmet

Totakephotographs

Spacecamera

StepIVTalking(Page62)

Thetaskasksthestudentstoworkinpairsandgiveafriendanumberof“does”and“don’ts”forgoingintospace.Theyneedtomakesuggestionsusingthephrasesthattheyhavebeengiventohelpthem.Whentheyhaveworkedouttheadvicetheycanwritethesuggestionsdownandreadthemouttotheclass.ShowtheusefulexpressionsPleaselookat/listento…Pleasecheckthat…Youneed…Pleasepayattentionto…Don’tforgetto…You’dbetter…Makesureyou…Watchoutfor…Youmustn’t…T:Nowdiscussitinpairs.ThenIwillasksomepairstoreadouttheirinstructions.

Sampledialogue:

S1:I’mgoingtovisitacomet.I’mleavingtomorrow.

S2:Howexciting!Pleasecheckthatyouhavegotthecorrectsortofspacesuit.Youneedthekindthatwillkeepyouwarmifit’stoocold.

S1:Ofcourse!

S2:Makesureyouknowallthesafetyrules.It’snotsafetostandonacometorgettooclose.Thereisalwaysastrongwindinspace.

S1:Iwon’tleavethespaceshipexceptthatItakephotos.

S2:Photos?Justthinkofthedustintheair.Itwillmaketakingphotosverydifficult.

S1:Well,I’lltakesomeanyway.

S2:Watchoutforthespacewind!Itcanbeverydangerous.

S1:Yes,Iknowthat.

S2:Don’tforgettowatchthetimeasyouleavetheearth.Pleasepayattentiontoeverythingyourspaceguidesays.Don’tgooffonyourown.Lookatyourtemperatureonyourspacesuitallthetime.Ifit’stoolowyouneedtowarmitupandifit’stoohighyouneedtocoolitdown.Anyway,haveagoodtrip!

S1:Thankyou.Iwill.

StepVSpeakingTask(Page67)

Thepurposeofthistaskistousetheinformationthestudentshavegainedfromthelisteningtextandreadingpassageinanewsituation.Theyaregoingtointerviewtheastronomerinourstory,LiYanping,foranewspaper.Soinpairstheneedtoworkoutsomequestionstoaskhim.Eachofthepairsneedstothinkofthreedifferentquestions.Andtrytofindtheanswers.

Questionsandanswers:

1.Whatwasthemostunexpectedthingyoufoundoutaboutblackholes?

Theblackholethrewoutmaterialaswellasateobjects.

2.Howdidyouknowyouhadgotclosetoablackhole?

Youcanseethingsdisappearintowhatappearstobeanemptyspace.That’sablackhole.3.Whatwasthemostfrighteningthingthathappenedtoyouonthisjourney?

Whenthegravityoftheblackholewaspullingustoit’smouth,andthenthespaceshipmovedroundtheholeandbegantogofasterandfasterintoit;IwasterrifiedbecauseIthoughtwewouldbeeatenbythehole.

4.Whydidyourwatchmoveslowerwhenyourspaceshipmovedaroundthehole?

I’mnotclearyet.

5.Haveyoufoundsomethingnewaboutblackholes?

Yes.Ithoughtblackholesonlyeatsomeobjects,butinfacttheyalsospitobjectsout.

StepVIHomework:

Prepareforwritingapassageaboutyourideaorhopesfortravelinginspace.

Writing

Teachinggoals教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1Targetlanguage目標(biāo)語言

a重點詞匯和短語explore,characteristicsb重點句子Writeashortarticleexplainingthreeproblemsyoumightmeetonthemoon..Youmayaskthefollowingquestionsaswellasworkoutsomemore.2Abilitygoals能力目標(biāo)

EnabletheSstowriteanarticleaboutyourideaorhopesfortravelinginspace.

3Learningabilitygoals學(xué)能目標(biāo)

HelptheSstolearnhowtowriteapassage.

Teachingimportantdifficultpoints教學(xué)重點和教學(xué)難點

TeachtheSshowtowriteanarticleaboutaspacetravel.Teachingmethods教學(xué)方法

Task-basedlearningDiscussion.Teachingaids教具準(zhǔn)備

aprojector,acomputerTeachingproceduresways教學(xué)過程與方式

StepIWriting

Thepurposeofthiswritingisforstudentstothinkaboutwhatkindofequipmenttheywouldneedtobesafeinspace.It’sagoodopportunityforadiscussionaboutthepainsandpleasuresthatmightoccurwhentravelinginspace.Afterthediscussion,theycanwritedowntheproblemsandthewaytosolvethem.

T:Ifyouaregoingoffonaholiday,whatwillyoutake?

S1:Iwilltakeclothes,shoes,foodandmanyotherthings.

T:Butforspacetravel,youneedspecializedequipment.Whatequipmentshouldyoutake?Wehavediscussedtheminlastlesson.Whocananswerthisquestion?

S2:oxygencan,spacesuit,gravityboots,watersystem,specialfood.,specialropes,spacebuggy,sunglassesandspacecamera.

T:Wetakesomanythingswithusinordertoavoidmanydangers.Whatarethedangers?Ifyoudon’tknowmanyenough,let’swatchthefilm“Apollo”.It’safilmaboutanAmericanspacemissionthatwentwrong.Afterthat,youshouldwritedownthedangersandthewaytosolvethem.

(Watchthefilm.)Samplearticle:

IfIvisitedthemoon,Imighthavethreeproblems:howtobreathe,howtoeatandhowtomovearound.

IwouldhavetocarryallmyairwithmeifIwenttothemoon.Thisisbecausethemoonhasnoairofitsown.SoIwouldneedoxygentanksplacedonmybacksoIcouldbreatheallthetime.

IwouldhavetotakeallmyfoodwithmeifIwenttothemoon.Inthespaceship,thereisnogravitysothefoodwouldfloataround.So,IwouldmakesurethatitisspeciallymadeasspacefoodandthenIwouldbeabletoeatiteasily.

IwouldfinditdifficulttomovearoundonthemoonasIwouldweighone-sixthwhatIweighontheearth.ThismeansIwouldbouncelikeaballoonifItrytowalk.IwouldhavetolearntowalkdifferentlysothatIdon’tfallover.

IfIfollowthisadvice,IthinkIwillhaveagoodholidayonthemoon.

StepIIWritingTask

Thepurposeofthiswritingtaskisforthestudentstousetheinformationtheyhavegatheredonastronomyandtheirquestionstoeachothertowriteaninterestingandlivelynewspaperarticle.

T:HaveyoueverrememberedOct.16th,2003?

S:Yes,ofcourse..

T:Whathappenedonthatday?S:China’sfirstmannedspaceshiplandedsafelythatday.

T:It’sagreatmomentforChinaandthewholeworld.Howmanypreparationshavetheymadeforthisspacetravel?

S:Notexactly.Buttheymusthavemadefullpreparationsforthismannedspaceflight.T:DoyouadmireYangLiwei?S:Heisourhero.

T:Doyouwanttobeagreatmanlikehim?S:Ofcourse,I’mdreamingofthat.

T:You’llgetthechanceifyouworkhard..Chinahasothernewplans.Thescientistsplantoputalabintospacemannedbyscientistsforshortperiods.Theyaimtovisitthemoontolookforvaluableresourcesthereaswellastostudyitsenvironmentandgeologicalstructures.Doyouwanttobethatluckyscientist?Supposeyouarethescientistwhovisitsthemooninthefuture,pleasetellusyourplan.Forexample,youcanthinkaboutthesequestionsandwritedownyourplan.

1.Whatpreparationsshouldyoumake?

2.Whatwillyouseeduringyourspacetravel?

3.Whatwillyoudoonthemoon?

Showsamplearticle:

Goingintospace

Carryoutresearchonthemoon

I’llvisitmoonsoon.Asascientist,Ihavealwayswantedtovisititbymyself.Butit’snotaneasything.SoIshouldmakemanypreparations.FirstI’lltakeenoughexerciseinordertobestrong.ThenI’lltakeenoughandnecessaryequipmentwithme.IwillmakenotesofwhatI’llseeonthemoonbecausewe’llputalabonit.Throughexperimentsinthelab,we’llcollectvaluableresourcesandstudyitsenvironmentandgeologicalstructures.We’llalsowanttofindoutifit’sagoodplaceforhumanstoliveininthefuture.IbelieveI’llgetwhatIwanttogetfromthemoon.(Teachercansupplyotherinformationforstudents.Showthefollowingonthescreen:)

China’smannedspaceprogrammehasfourgoals:1.todevelopbasicmannedspaceflighttechnology;2.toobservetheearthandundertakeexperimentsinspace;3.tohelpdesignspacevehicles;4.toaccumulateexperienceforalargespacestationT:Supposeyouarepartofthisfutureprogramme,talkaboutwhatyou’lldo,whatyou’llseeandwhatyou’llget.

StepIIIProject

Askstudentstocollectasmuchinformationastheycanaboutthenineplanetsinoursolarsystem.Chooseoneplanetthattheywouldliketoexplore.Thenwritearesearchreport.ThereportshouldincludethefourrequirementsonPage68.

1.Onepossibleproject:

Topic:Mars

TheplanetIhavechosenisMarsbecauseit’stheclosesttotheearthandit’llbeoneofthefirstplanetsforustoexplore.It’snamedaftertheRomangodofwarbecausefromtheearthitlooksredinthesky.

Information

Position:4thplanetinoursolarsystem

Distancefromoursun:228millionkms

Diameter:halfthesizeoftheEarth

Mass:onetenththesizeofEarth

Gravity:onethirdofthatofEarth

Surfacesize:sameasdrylandofEarth

Lengthofday:halfanhourlongerthanEarthday

Timetocirclethesun:twoEarthyears

Satellites:two

Air:95%carbondioxide2%argon,3%nitrogen,verylittleoxygen

Findingsfromspacetrips

ThemostimportanttripstoMarshavebeenmadebytheUSandUSSR.TheyhavebothsentmanyspaceshipsbutnopeopletovisitMars.Theyhavediscovered:

---therearetwoseasonsonMars:awarm,dusty,southernsummerandcold,dusty-freenorthernwinter.

---nolifecanliveonMarsnow,astheairdoesn’thaveenoughoxygen

---therearesomeevidenceofearlylifewhentherewaswateronMarsthreemillionyearsago

---changesinthecolorofMarsareproducedbyduststormsonMars

---ithasanorthandasouthpolemadeoffrozencarbondioxidegas

WhatIwouldliketofindout

1.whetherthereislifeunderthesurfaceofMars

2.whetheritwouldbepossibleforpeopletoliveonMars

3.whetherthereisoilorjewelsorrocksthatwouldbeusefulforpeopleonEarth

2.Anotherproject:

Topic:Jupiter

JupiteristhefifthplanetfromtheSunandisthelargestoneinthesolarsystem.IfJupiterwerehollow,morethanonethousandEarthscouldfitinside.Italsocontainsmorematterthanalloftheotherplanetscombined.Ithasamassof1.9x1027kgandis142,800kilometers(88,736miles)acrosstheequator.Jupiterpossesses28knownsatellites,fourofwhich-Callisto,Europa,GanymedeandIo-wereobservedbyGalileoaslongagoas1610.Another12satelliteshavebeenrecentlydiscoveredandgivenprovisionaldesignatorsuntiltheyareofficiallyconfirmedandnamed.Information

JupiterStatistics

Mass(kg)

1.900e+27

Mass(Earth=1)

3.1794e+02

Equatorialradius(km)

71,492

Equatorialradius(Earth=1)

1.1209e+01

Meandensity(gm/cm^3)

1.33

MeandistancefromtheSun(km)

778,330,000

MeandistancefromtheSun(Earth=1)

5.2028

Rotationalperiod(days)

0.41354

Orbitalperiod(days)

4332.71

Meanorbitalvelocity(km/sec)

13.07

Orbitaleccentricity

0.0483

Tiltofaxis(degrees)

3.13

Orbitalinclination(degrees)

1.308

Equatorialsurfacegravity(m/sec^2)

22.88

Equatorialescapevelocity(km/sec)

59.56

Visualgeometricalbedo

0.52

Magnitude(Vo)

-2.70

Meancloudtemperature

-121°C

Atmosphericpressure(bars)

0.7

Atmosphericcomposition

Hydrogen

Helium

90%
10%

Findingsfromspacetrips

1.Thereisaringsystem,butitisveryfaintandistotallyinvisiblefromtheEarth.(Theringswerediscoveredin1979byVoyager1.)

2.Theatmosphereisverydeep,perhapscomprisingthewholeplanet,andissomewhatliketheSun.Itiscomposedmainlyofhydrogenandhelium,withsmallamountsofmethane,ammonia,watervaporandothercompounds.

3.AtgreatdepthswithinJupiter,thepressureissogreatthatthehydrogenatomsarebrokenupandtheelectronsarefreedsothattheresultingatomsconsistofbareprotons.Thisproducesastateinwhichthehydrogenbecomesmetallic.

4.Colorfullatitudinalbands,atmosphericcloudsandstormsillustrateJupitersdynamicweathersystems.Thecloudpatternschangewithinhoursordays.TheGreatRedSpotisacomplexstormmovinginacounter-clockwisedirection.

5.Auroralemissions,similartoEarthsnorthernlights,wereobservedinthepolarregionsofJupiter.WhatIwouldliketofindout

1.whetherthereislifeunderthesurfaceofJupiter

2.whetheritwouldbepossibleforpeopletoliveonJupiter

3.whetherthereisoilorjewelsorrocksthatwouldbeusefulforpeopleonEarth

StepVHomework

Sumupthewholeunit.Collectthematerialsaboutstars,spacetravelanddifferentideasaboutthebeginningoflife..

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（Vocabularyand&nb

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars（VocabularyandUsefulExpressions）

●三維目標(biāo)
1.Knowledge：
（1）Words：
crack，burst，ruin，injure，destroy，shock，last的具體用法。
（2）Phrases：
atanend，rightaway，digout的用法
（3）Sentencepatterns：
Allhopewasnotlost.（部分否定句）
2.Ability：
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreaddifferentnumbersinEnglish.
（2）Learntheusageofsomedifficultwordsandexpressions.
（3）Trainthestudents’abilitytoremovethedifficultieswhilereading.
3.Emotion：
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.
（2）Knowthedeadlinessofanearthquakeandthesignsbeforeanearthquakeiscoming.
（3）LearnfromthebraveryofpeopleinTangshantofacetherealityandrebuildthecity.
●教學(xué)重點
（1）Trainthestudents’abilitytoreaddifferentnumbersinEnglish.
（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytocooperatewithothers.
●教學(xué)難點
（1）Theexplanationofsomedifficultwordsandexpressions.
（2）Trainthestudents’abilitytoremovethedifficultieswhilereading.
●教具準(zhǔn)備
（1）ataperecorder
（2）aprojector
（3）theblackboard
●教學(xué)過程
Step1Greetings
Greetthewholeclassasusual.
Step2Revision
T：Inthelastperiod，welearnedsomethingabouttheterribleTangshanEarthquakein1976，whichisthedeadliestearthquakeinChina’shistory.NowIamgoingtoaskyousomequestionsbasedontheReadingpassage.
T：WhatdidpeopleinTangshanseeintheskybeforetheearthquake？
S1：Theysawbrightlightsinthesky.
T：Whatdidpeoplehear？
S2：TheyheardthesoundofplanesoutsideTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.
T：Whatdidpeoplenoticeinthewells？
S3：Peoplenoticedthewellwallshaddeepcracks，andasmellygascameoutofthecracks.
T：Didpeoplepayanyattentiontotheseabnormalphenomena？
S4：No.Theywenttobedasusualthatnight.
T：Whendidtheearthquakebegin？
S5：At3：42inthemorningofJuly28.
T：Howmanypeoplewerekilledorinjuredinthequake？
S6：Morethan400000people.
T：Couldtheinjuredpeoplegotohospital？
S7：No，theycouldn’tbecauseallofthecity’shospitalsweregoneinthequake.
T：Werethereanyaftershocks？
S8：Yes.Laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshan.Manyrescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.
T：Didthesurvivorsdenythecityandgotoliveinotherplaces？
S9：No.Theydidtherescueworkwiththehelpof150000soldierssentbythearmy.SlowlythecityofTangshanbegantobreatheagain.
T：Iamverysatisfiedwithyourwork.
Step3LearningaboutNumbers
T：MaybeyouhavealreadynoticedthattherearealotofnumbersintheReadingpassage.Toreadthemcorrectlyisveryimportant.SometimesthereisatestonnumbersinListening.
T：NowturntoPage28andlookatPart3.Matcheachwordtothenumberthathasthesamemeaning.
（AllowSsseveralminutestofinishthetask.）
T：Nowlet’scheckyouranswers.
S：A.90%ninetypercent
B.10000tenthousand
C.1000000onemillion
D.150000onehundredandfiftythousand
E.75%seventy-fivepercent
F.1/3one-third
G.500000halfamillion
H.2/3two-thirds
Step4Importantpoints
T：IntheReadingpassageofthisunit，therearesomeimportantwordsandexpressions.Iwillfirstgiveyoufiveminutestopickoutthedifficultwords，expressionsandsentencepatterns.Youmayworkwithyourpartner.
（Afterfiveminutes.）
S1：Inthefirstparagraph，“...thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.”Howcanweunderstand“burst”？
T：Ifsomethingburstsorifyouburstsit，itbreaksopenorapartsuddenlyandviolentlysothatitscontentscomeout.
e.g.Youaregoingtobursttheballoon，ifyouarenotcareful.
S2：Inthefirstparagraph，“Farmers’wivesnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.”andinthesecondparagraph“Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswide.”Dothetwo“cracks”havethesamemeaning？
T：Youareverycareful.Yes，theyhavethesamemeaning.Bothofthemarenouns.“Crack”meansaverynarrowspacebetweentwothingsortwopartsofsomething.“Crack”canalsobeaverb，meaningtobreakormakesomethingbreaksothatitgetsoneormorelinesonitssurface，asinthesentence“Inthecity，thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.”
e.g.Shefelloffherbikeandcrackedaboneinherleg.
S3：Howcanweunderstandthissentenceinthesecondparagraph“Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.”？
T：Inordertounderstandthissentence，youhavetoknowthemeaningofthephrase“beatanend”.Itreferstoasituationinwhichsomethingisfinishedornolongerexisted.
e.g.Thelonghotsummerwasatlastatanend.
Otherexamplesare“cometoanend”，“putanendtosth.”.
T：Sonowwhocanexplainthesentenceinourtext？
S4：Letmehaveatry.Theearthquakewassoterriblethatnearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Sopeoplethoughtitwastheendoftheworld.
T：Excellent.Andthissentenceusesexaggeration.
S5：Inthesecondparagraph，“Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.”Whydon’tweuse“ruin”insteadof“ruins”？
T：“Ruin”canbeanuncountablenoun，whichmeansasituationinwhichyouhavelostallyourmoney，yoursocialposition，orthegoodopinionthatpeoplehadaboutyou.
e.g.Withthecollapseofgrainprices，smallfarmersareonthebrinkoffinancialruin.
While“ruins”meansthepartofabuildingthatisleftaftertheresthasbeendestroyed.
e.g.theruinsofabombed-outofficeblock
S6：Inthesecondparagraph“Two-thirdsofthepeoplediedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.”Canweuse“wound”totaketheplaceof“injure”？
T：No.Toinjuresomeonemeanscausingphysicalharmtosomeone，forexampleinanaccidentoranattack.Towoundsomeonemeansinjuringsomeone，especiallybymakingacutorholeintheirskinusingaknife，gun，etc.
e.g.（1）Oneoftheplayersinjuredhiskneeandhadtobecarriedoff.
（2）Gunmenkilledtwopeopleandwoundedsixothersinanattacktoday.
S7：Inthethirdparagraph“Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.”Canweusetheword“ruin”totaketheplaceof“destroy”？
T：No.“Destroy”meanstodamagesomethingsobadlythatitnolongerexistsorcannotberepaired.Ifyou“ruin”somethinggoodoruseful，itthenusuallyexists，butnolongerhasitsgoodqualitiesorfeatures.
e.g.（1）Theschoolwascompletelydestroyedinthebigfirelastnight.
（2）Toomuchsugarcanruinyourteeth.
S8：Inthethirdparagraph，“Peoplewereshocked.”What’sthemeaningofthesentence？
T：“Shock”heremeanstomakesomeonefeelverysurprisedandupsetandunabletobelievewhathashappened.
e.g.Themurderofsuchayoungchilddeeplyshockedthewholecommunity.
S9：Sothesentenceinourtextmeanspeopleweresurprised.
T：Yes.Butthereisaslightdifferencebetween“shock”and“surprise”.Ifsomethingis，comesas，orgivesyouashockitisunexpectedandoftenverybad.
e.g.Itcameasagreatshocktohearshewasleavinghome.
Butasurpriseissomethingthatisunexpected，butisnotnecessarilybad.
e.g.Whatanicesurprise!Ididn’teventhinkyouwereinthecountry!
S10：Inthethirdparagraph，“Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.”Whatdoestheword“l(fā)ast”meaninthissentence？Isitanadjective？
T：No，itisnotanadjectivebutaverb.“Last”heremeanstocontinueforaparticularlengthoftime.
e.g.ThehotweatherlastedforthewholemonthofJuly.
Asaverb，“l(fā)ast”couldalsomeantomanagetoremaininthesamesituation，evenwhenthisisdifficult.
e.g.Theywon’tbeabletolastmuchlongerwithoutfreshsupplies.
Theword“l(fā)ast”canalsobeusedasalinkingverb.Itmeansbeingenoughforsomeonetouse.
e.g.Weonlyhadtolastustherestofthemonth.
S11：Inthelastparagraph，“Allhopewasnotlost.”Whatisthemeaningofthissentence？
T：Thissentenceisapartialnegative.Ithasthesamemeaningwith“Notallhopewaslost.”
e.g.（1）Allthestudentsdonotagreetotheplan.
（2）Notallthestudentsagreetotheplan.
Thesetwosentencesmeansomeofthestudentsagreetotheplan，butsomedon’t.
Step5Consolidation
T：Nowaftertheexplanationsofthewords，expressionsandsentencepatterns，let’sdosomeexercises.PleaseturntoPage28andlookatPart2inLearningaboutLanguage.Completethepassagewithsomeofthewordsinthetext.
（Afterseveralminutesteacherasksoneofthestudentstoreadtheshortpassage.Correctanymistakesifthereareany.）
Step6Homework
T：Inordertomastertheusageofthesewordsandexpressions，pleasedosomerelatedexercises.FinishoffthetwopartsinUsingWordsandExpressionsonPage63.
●板書設(shè)計
Unit4Earthquakes
TheThirdPeriod
ImportantWords：
1.burst（v.）2.crack（n./v.）
3.ruin
4.injure/wound
5.destroy/ruin
6.shocked
7.last（vi.）
ImportantExpressions：
1.Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend.
2.Allhopewasnotlost.（部分否定句）
●活動與探究
Story-tellingCompetition：
Formostofhumanhistory，peoplecouldonlyimaginewhatcausedearthquakestohappen.Sostoriesweretoldtoexplainthisnaturaldisaster.AstoryfromIndiasaysthatfourverybigelephantsholeuptheearth.Theelephantsstandonthebackofabiggerturtle.Theturtlestandsonanevenbiggersnake.Whenanyofthesehugemagicalanimalsmove，theearthbeginstoshake!
1.Inpairsmakeupastorytoexplainhowanearthquakehappens.
2.Shareyourstorywithyourclassmates.
3.Choosewhichoneisthemostinteresting.Giveareason.
●備課資料
知識點歸納：
1.shake用法歸納（shake，shook，shaken）
（1）抖動，震動，常作不及物動詞，也作及物動詞。
Thehouseshookwhentheearthquakestarted.
當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生時，房子震動了。
Shewasshakingwithanger.
她氣得發(fā)抖。
Hisheavystepsshooktheroom.
他沉重的腳步使房子都震動了。
Shewasbadlyshakenbythenews.
她對這個消息大為震驚。
（2）搖動，作及物動詞
Shakethebottlebeforetakingthemedicine.
服藥前搖勻。
（3）顫動，作不及物動詞
Hishandsshookalittleashewrote.
他寫字的時候手有點發(fā)抖。
Hisvoiceshookwithemotion.
他很激動，聲音都有些顫抖了。
（4）shakeproofadj.防震的，抗震的
（5）常用短語：
①和某人握手
shakehandswithsb.
shakesb.’shand
shakesb.bythehand
Heshookhandswarmlywithme.
Heshookmyhandwarmly.
Heshookmewarmlybythehand.
他和我熱情地握了手。
②搖頭shakeone’shead
（6）辨析
shake系常用詞，指“上下來回短促而急速地?fù)u動”。
Shakebeforetaking.
（藥瓶標(biāo)簽上）服前搖勻。
tremble指“由于恐懼、悲憤、興奮等情緒或因寒冷、疲勞等引起無意識地顫抖”。
Shetrembledatthelion’sroar.
聽到獅吼，她渾身發(fā)抖。
quake可與tremble換用，但較為正式，指“強烈地顫動”。
Theearthquaked.
地震了。
quiver指“輕微而急速地顫動、搖動”。
Theleavesquiveredwiththebreeze.
樹葉隨微風(fēng)擺動。
shiver指“由于寒冷、恐懼或生病而發(fā)抖”。
Heshiveredwithcold.
他凍得發(fā)抖。
2.strike用法歸納（strike，struck，struck/stricken）
（1）打，擊，敲，常表示用力打，可以是一次或多次。
Strikewhiletheironishot.
趁熱打鐵。
hit比strike稍弱，指一次性的打或擊中。
beat指連續(xù)多次地打，也指有節(jié)奏的擊打，心臟跳動用beat。
（2）觸（礁），撞
Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.
他摔下時頭撞在了桌子上。
（3）發(fā)起進攻，襲擊
Ourtroopsstrucktheenemycampatdawn.
我們的部隊在黎明時分襲擊了敵營。
（4）擦（火柴）
Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.
我擦著了一根火柴來點燃他的香煙。
（5）（鐘）敲
Ileftimmediatelytheclockstrucktwelve.
鐘一敲12下，我就離開了。
（6）（某種想法）突然出現(xiàn)，忽然想起
Itstruckmethatweoughttomakeanewplan.
我突然想起我們得制訂個新計劃了。
（7）給（人）某種印象或感覺，給人深刻的印象（常用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)）
Howdoestheplanstrikeyou？
你覺得這個計劃怎么樣？
Iwasdeeplystruckbyherbeauty.
她的美給我留下了深刻的印象。
（8）罷工
Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.
他們在為爭取高工資而罷工。
3.rise（rise，rose，risen）
（1）太陽、月亮、星星升起，出現(xiàn)
Thesunroseatseveno’clock.
太陽七點鐘升起。
（2）升高
Theriverisrisingaftertherain.
雨后河水漲了。
Priceshaverisensteadilyduringthepastdecade.
過去十年間物價一直在上漲。
（3）起床；立起；站起來
（4）晉升
rise，raise和lift辨析：
三個詞都有“升起、抬高”的意思。
lift舉起，抬起。常指將物體，尤其是重物，從地面或較低的位置抬高或舉起，是及物動詞。
Heliftedtheheavyboxforme.
他幫我提起了那個重箱子。
raise舉起，升起，抬高，提高。是及物動詞?？膳clift互換，但raise強調(diào)動作的姿勢；此外它還有把某物“豎起來”的意思。還可用在抽象的譬喻性質(zhì)的短語里。
raiseone’svoice提高嗓門
raiseprices提高價格
raiselivingstandards提高生活水平
Thenationalflagisraisedeverymorning.
每天早晨升國旗。
rise升起，上漲，站起來。是不及物動詞。常指由低而高的變化過程。
ThenextmorningIwasthefirsttorise.
第二天早上，我是第一個起床的。
4.seem用法歸納
（1）似乎，好像（vi.）
①seem+不定式的一般形式
Heseemstolikethebirthdaypresentverymuch.
他似乎很喜歡這份生日禮物。
②seem+不定式的完成形式
Weseemtohaveseenyousomewherebefore.
我們似乎在哪里見到過你。
③seem+不定式的進行形式
Severalpeopleinthecrowdseemedtobefighting.
人群中似乎有幾人正在打架。
（2）看來，似乎是（什么樣子）（link-v.）
①seem+形容詞
Thedoctorseemsverycapable.
看來這個醫(yī)生很能干。
②seem+分詞
Hisfirstmemoriesseemedconnectedwithwork.
他的第一記憶似乎與工作相連。
③seem+名詞
Itseemsapleasantcity.
看來這是一個令人愉快的城市。
④seem+介詞短語
Youseeminhighspiritstoday，Mary.
瑪麗，看來你今天興致挺高的。
（3）用于下面結(jié)構(gòu)
①Itseems/seemedthat...
Itseemsthattheyarelookingforsomething.
他們仿佛在尋找什么東西。
Itseemedtohimthathehadneverworkedsohardinhislife.
他似乎一輩子都沒有這么努力地工作過。
Itdoesn’tseemthatwecangetourmoneyback.
=Itseemsthatwecannotgetourmoneyback.
看來我們的錢弄不回來了。
②Itseems/seemedasif....
Itseemsasiftheweatherisimproving.看來天要好轉(zhuǎn)了。
③Thereseems（tobe）....
Thereseemstobenoworkforyoutodohere.
看來這兒沒有工作需要你做了。
5.injure
injure，hurt和wound辨析：
injure傷害，損害（感情），毀壞（名譽）。常指各種性質(zhì)的身體上或精神上的傷害，常用于意外受傷。是及物動詞。
IhopeIdidn’tinjureherfeelings.
我希望我沒有傷害她的感情。
Thefootballplayerwasinjuredinhisrightleg.
那位足球選手的右腿受了傷。
hurt傷害。沒有injure正式，常用于口語?？捎糜谥复蟆⑿?，也可指精神上的痛苦或感情上的傷害，可用作及物或不及物動詞。
Hehurthisfootwhenjumpingoverthefence.
他在跳籬笆時傷了腳。
Hiswordshurtme.
他的話傷了我的心。
Myheadhurtsbadly.
我頭疼得厲害。
wound受傷，傷害，損害。一般指打傷、刀傷等外傷，尤指戰(zhàn)場上負(fù)傷；還可用于比喻，指精神上的創(chuàng)傷。是及物動詞。
Thesoldierswoundedinthebattleweretakencareofbythenurse.
戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的戰(zhàn)士們由護士在照料。
Hefeltwoundedinhishonour.
他覺得他的榮譽受到傷害。

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars(Period3　Learning

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Period3　Learningaboutlanguage:Grammar

整體設(shè)計
教材分析
Thisisthethirdteachingperiodofthisunit.Totestwhetherstudentshavegraspedtheimportantanddifficultlanguagepointstheylearnedinthelastperiod,theteachershouldfirstofferthemsomerevisionexercises.Thenleadinthenewlesson.
Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththefollowing:1.Reviewingnounclausesastheobjectandasthepredicative;2.Learningthenewgrammaritems:nounclausesasthesubject.Studentsoftenfeelnounclausesabstractanddifficulttolearn,soitisnecessarytomakethelessoninterestingandlively,andconnectitwiththeirdailylifeinordertoletiteasytoacceptandunderstand.Firstly,theteachercanaskstudentstoreadthepassageHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHagain,tickoutallthesentencesfromthepassagewherenounclausesareusedasthesubject,andthentranslatethemintoChinese.Secondly,compareanddiscovertheusesofeachnounclausebygivingalotofexamplesentences.Thirdly,dotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage29andmoreexercisesforstudentstomastertherelatednounclauses.Finally,summarizetheuseofnounclausesasthesubjectandletstudentsmakeitclearhoweachnounclauseisbeingusedinthesituations.
Attheendoftheclass,askstudentstodotheexercisesinUsingstructuresonPage64andmoreadditionalexercisesforconsolidation.
教學(xué)重點
Getstudentstounderstandandusenounclausesasthesubject.
教學(xué)難點
Enablestudentstolearnhowtousenounclausesasthesubjectcorrectly.
三維目標(biāo)
知識目標(biāo)
1.Getstudentstoknowmoreaboutnounclauses.
2.Letstudentslearnnounclausesasthesubject.
Whatitwastobecomewasamystery...
...itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.
能力目標(biāo)
Enablestudentstousenounclausesasthesubjectcorrectlyandproperlyaccordingtothecontext.
情感目標(biāo)
1.Getstudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.
2.Developstudents’senseofgroupcooperation.

教學(xué)過程
設(shè)計方案（一）
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.
3.Translatethefollowingsentences.
1)你早晚會來的。
2)我的車與你的不一樣。
3)他總是第一個來,最后一個走。
4)他來不來還不清楚。
5)我們的成敗取決于是否每個人都努力工作。
6)我們必須采取措施防止這種疾病的蔓延。
Suggestedanswers:
1)Youwillcomehereintime.
2)Mycarisdifferentfromyours.
3)Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttogo.
4)Itisnotclearwhetherhecomesornot.
5)Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshardornot.
6)Wemusttakeactionstopreventthisdisease(from)spreading.
→Step2Preparation
Showsomesentencesonthescreen.Askstudentstoreadeachofthemandthenfindoutitssubject.
Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.
Youareastudent.
Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.
Smokingisbadforyou.
“Howdoyoudo?”isagreeting.
Whatshesaidisnotyetknown.
Thatweshallbelateiscertain.
It’scertainthatweshallbelate.
→Step3Grammarlearning
1.Readinganddiscovering
AskstudentstoturnbacktoPage25toreadthroughthereadingpassageandfindallthesentenceswherenounclausesareusedasthesubjectandunderlinethem.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.
Suggestedanswers:
1)Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
地球會變成什么（樣子）,直到45億至38億年前這個云團變成一個固體的球狀物,才確定下來。
2)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.
地球變得激烈動蕩,不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。
3)Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.
更重要的是,隨著地球的冷卻,地球的表面就開始出現(xiàn)了水。
4)Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.
水對于生命的發(fā)展會起關(guān)鍵作用,這一點在當(dāng)時并不明顯。
5)Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.
很多科學(xué)家相信,由于地球上長期有水存在,使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。
6)Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.
為什么他們突然消失了,至今還是個謎。
7)Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
所以,在未來的數(shù)百萬年中,生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。
2.Thinkinganddiscussing
Letstudentsreadaloudthesentencestheypickedout,thinkoveranddiscusswithapartnerhoweachofthesenounclausesisbeingusedinthesituations.Ifstudentshavesomedifficulty,givethemahand.
3.Summingup:nounclausesasthesubject.
主語從句
作主語用的名詞性從句,因其在復(fù)合句中作主語,又稱主語從句。
（1）連接詞:
1)從屬連詞that,whether等。
that引導(dǎo)主語從句只起引導(dǎo)作用,本身無實際意義,在主語從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,但不能省略。
Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.
她的離開使他很傷心。
由whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首、句末都可。
Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay./Itisnoteasytosaywhetheritwillpleasethem.
很難說這會不會使他們高興。
2)連接代詞who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever等。
Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.
對某些人看來很容易的事,對另外一些人可能很困難。
3)連接副詞when,where,how,why等。
Whyhediditremainsamystery.
他為什么做那件事依然是個謎。
（2）位置
主語從句可以前置,也可以后置。用it作形式主語,而把主語從句放在句末,常用下面幾種句型:
1)It+be+表語+主語從句
Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.
他是不是來還沒有確定。
2)It+不及物動詞+主語從句
Ithappensthattheywereabsent.
他們碰巧缺席了。
3)It+及物動詞（被動語態(tài)）+主語從句
IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.
現(xiàn)經(jīng)決定展覽會星期日不開放。
注意:
1)主語從句在句首時,必須由連接詞引導(dǎo),不能省略這些連接詞;但是如果用it作形式主語,而把主語從句放在句末時,從屬連詞that可以省略。
他們相互喜愛是很自然的。
誤:Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.
正:Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.
正:Itisnatural(that)theyshouldlikeeachother.
2)如果主語從句放在句首,不能用if引導(dǎo);但是如果用it作形式主語,而把主語從句放在句末時,也可以用if引導(dǎo)。
瑪麗是不是真聽見他了,很值得懷疑。
誤:IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
正:WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.
正:Itwasdoubtfulwhether/ifMaryreallyheardhim.
→Step4Grammarpractice
1.TurntoPage29.AskstudentstodoExercise2andExercise3inDiscoveringusefulstructures.Firstletthemfinishthemindividually.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.Givesomeexplanationsifnecessary.
2.TurntoPage64.AskstudentstodoExercise1andExercise2.Checktheanswersaftermostofthemfinish.
→Step5Discussion
Letstudentshaveadiscussioningroups.Thetopicis“Myproblem”.Onetalksabouttheproblemsinhisstudyorlife.Theothersshouldgivesomeadviceorsuggestions.Remindstudentstousethefollowingstructures:
(Showthefollowingonthescreentohelpstudents.)
Thefactis/Itisafactthat...
Thedifficultyis.../WhatIfinddifficultis...
Thetroubleis.../Whatworriesmeis...
Mysuggestionis.../WhatIwouldsuggestis...
Myadviceis.../WhatIwouldadviseis...
Ithinkthat.../WhatIthinkis...
Iwanttotellyouthat.../WhatIwanttosayis...
→Step6Closingdownbyaquiz
Showthefollowingexercisesonthescreen.Letstudentsfinishthemwithinthreeminutes.Threeminuteslater,checktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______________thatI’mtalkingto.
A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom
2.Itisprettywellunderstood______________controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.that
B.when
C.what
D.how
3.______________madetheschoolproudwas______________morethan90％ofstudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.
A.What;because
B.What;that
C.That;what
D.That;because
4.______________teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionship.
A.Nomatterwhat
B.Nomatterwhich
C.Whatever
D.Whichever
5.______________isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.
A.As
B.That
C.This
D.It
6.______________Ican’tunderstandis______________hechangedhismind.
A.That;that
B.What;why
C.Which;how
D.That;why
Suggestedanswers:BCBDDB
→Step7Homework
1.Finishofftheworkbookexercises.
2.PreviewthereadingpassageAVISITTOTHEMOONonPage30,findthesentencesinwhichnounclausesareused,andseeifyoucanunderstandthem.
設(shè)計方案（二）
→Step1Revision
1.Checkthehomeworkexercises.
2.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.
1)太陽系
2)及時;終于
3)下蛋
4)產(chǎn)生;分娩
5)輪到某人;接著
6)總有一天我會遇見他。
7)都市生活與鄉(xiāng)村生活是非常不同的。
8)他們不應(yīng)該允許在這條街上停車,街道太窄了。
9)他的心臟病痛沒能阻止他第二天去上課。
10)在未來的數(shù)百萬年中,生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。
Suggestedanswers:
1)solarsystem
2)intime
3)layeggs
4)givebirthto
5)inone’sturn
6)I’llseehimintime.
7)Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.
8)Theyshouldn’tallowparkinginthisstreet.It’stoonarrow.
9)Hishearttroubledidnotpreventhim(from)goingtoclassthenextday.
10)Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
→Step2Warmingupbyagame
Letstudentsworkinpairs.Onetalksabouttheproblemsinhisstudyorlife.Theothershouldgivesomeadviceorsuggestions.Encouragethemtousewhat-clausesasthesubject.
Example:
S1:WhatIfinddifficultis.../Whatworriesmeis...
S2:WhatIwouldsuggestis.../WhatIwouldadviseis...
→Step3Discoveringusefulstructures
Askstudentstofindoutthesentencescontainingnounclausesasthesubjectinthereadingpassageandunderlinethem.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.
→Step4Learningtheuseofnounclausesasthesubject
1.AskstudentstoturntoPage92andlearnpart3TheSubjectClausebythemselves.
2.Encouragethemtoaskasmanyquestionsaspossible.Givethemexplanationsifnecessary.
3.Letthemdosomeadditionalexercises.
4.Sumup.
→Step5Practice
Askstudentstofinishthefollowingexerciseswithin10minutes.Thenchecktheanswerswiththewholeclass.
1.Exercises2and3inDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage13.
2.Exercise1inUsingstructuresonPage64.
→Step6Consolidation
Letstudentsworkinpairstomakesentenceswithnounclausesasthesubjecttofillintheblanks.
1.What_____________________________isastronomy.
2.When_____________________________hasn’tbeendecodedyet.
3.Whether_____________________________dependsonyourbehavior.
4.How_____________________________isapersonaldecision.
5.Why_____________________________apuzzletous.
6.It’sfunnythat_____________________________.
7.Itworriesusthat_____________________________.
8.Itappearsthat_____________________________.
→Step7Homework
1.FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.
2.Makeuseofdifferentlearningresourcestohaveaninquirystudyofthesubjectclause,andsummarizetherulesofit.

板書設(shè)計
Unit4　Astronomy:thescienceofthestars
Grammar:nounclausesasthesubject
連接詞例句
從屬連詞:that,whetherThatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.
Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.
連接代詞:who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whicheverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.
連接副詞:when,where,how,whyWhyhediditremainsamystery.
it作形式主語
It+be+表語+主語從句Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.
It+不及物動詞+主語從句Ithappensthattheywereabsent.
It+及物動詞（被動語態(tài)）+主語從句IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.
活動與探究
SupposeyouaretodesignanactivityforyourschoolonEarthDay,whichisintendedtocallonteachersandstudentstoprotecttheearth.Workingroupsandchooseareporterofyourgrouptoreportyourwork.Thefollowingpointsshouldbeincludedinthereportofyouractivity:
whattheactivityisabout;
whytheactivityisdesigned;
whenandwheretodotheactivity;
whotakespartintheactivity;
whattobedoneintheactivity.